Notes

Quantitative Measurement regarding Multiprotein Nanoparticle Relationships Using NMR Spectroscopy.
Thanasimus dubius displayed little discrimination among lure compositions. Lure preferences by southern pine beetle did not differ significantly among locations in spring but were influenced by season. Gas chromatography (GC)-electroantennographic detection analyses with southern pine beetle and GC-mass spectrometry identified numerous known and potential semiochemicals that distinguished volatiles released by the tested host odor devices. The lure combination that included endo-brevicomin and alpha/beta-pinene is recommended for the trapping survey because of its high sensitivity for southern pine beetle and potential for greater data integrity resulting from its reproducible composition.
Although prescription opioids are the most common way adolescents and young adults initiate opioid use, many studies examine population-level risks following the first opioid prescription. There is currently a lack of understanding regarding how patterns of opioid prescribing following the first opioid exposure may be associated with long-term risks.

To identify distinct patterns of opioid prescribing following the first prescription using group-based trajectory modeling and examine the patient-, clinician-, and prescription-level factors that may be associated with trajectory membership during the first year.

This cohort study examined Pennsylvania Medicaid enrollees' claims data from 2010 through 2016. Participants were aged 10 to 21 years at time of first opioid prescription. Data analysis was performed in March 2020.

This study used group-based trajectory modeling and defined trajectory status by opioid fill.

Among the 189 477 youths who received an initial opioid prescription, 107 562 were fema0.0%; n = 412) compared with the low-risk group (10.1%; n = 4638) (P < .001).

This study's results identified 2 trajectories associated with elevated risk for persistent opioid receipt within 12 months following first opioid prescription. check details The high-risk trajectory was characterized by older age at time of first prescription, and longer and more potent first prescriptions. These findings suggest even short and low-dose opioid prescriptions can be associated with risks of persistent use for youths.
This study's results identified 2 trajectories associated with elevated risk for persistent opioid receipt within 12 months following first opioid prescription. The high-risk trajectory was characterized by older age at time of first prescription, and longer and more potent first prescriptions. These findings suggest even short and low-dose opioid prescriptions can be associated with risks of persistent use for youths.
Approximately 1 in 5 women in low- and middle-income countries experience postpartum depression, and the risk is higher among mothers of low-birth-weight (LBW) infants. Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is effective in improving survival among LBW infants, but the benefits of KMC for mothers are not well described.

To estimate the effects of community-initiated KMC (ciKMC) on maternal risk of moderate-to-severe postpartum depressive symptoms and on salivary cortisol concentration, a biomarker of stress.

This was an unmasked, parallel-group, individually randomized clinical trial. Participants included 1950 mothers of stable LBW infants (weighing 1500-2250 g) in rural and semiurban low-income populations in North India enrolled between April 2017 and March 2018. Data analysis was performed from January to July 2020.

Eligible participants were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group by block randomization. The mothers in the intervention group were supported to practice ciKMC until 28 days afterntervention group vs 13.6% (95% CI, 11.4%-16.1%; 116 of 852 mothers) in the control group. The adjusted relative risk of moderate-to-severe maternal postpartum depressive symptoms was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.59-0.96), or an efficacy of 25%. There was no difference in day-28 salivary cortisol concentration between the ciKMC and control group mothers before or after breastfeeding. The analysis estimated that supporting 36 mothers to perform KMC at home would prevent 1 mother from experiencing moderate-to-severe postpartum depressive symptoms.

These findings suggest that ciKMC practice may substantially reduce the risk of moderate-to-severe maternal postpartum depressive symptoms. This evidence supports KMC as an intervention to be incorporated in essential newborn care programs in low- and middle-income settings.

Clinical Trials Registry-India Identifier CTRI/2017/04/008430.
Clinical Trials Registry-India Identifier CTRI/2017/04/008430.
Data on the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir-ritonavir for the treatment of high-risk outpatients with COVID-19 in developing countries are needed.

To determine whether hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir-ritonavir reduces hospitalization among high-risk patients with early symptomatic COVID-19 in an outpatient setting.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted in Brazil. Recently symptomatic adults diagnosed with respiratory symptoms from SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled between June 2 and September 30, 2020. The planned sample size was 1476 patients, with interim analyses planned after 500 patients were enrolled. The trial was stopped after the interim analysis for futility with a sample size of 685 patients. Statistical analysis was performed in December 2020.

Patients were randomly assigned to hydroxychloroquine (800 mg loading dose, then 400 mg daily for 9 days), lopinavir-ritonavir (loading dose of 800 mg and 200 mg, respectively, every 12 hours followed by 400 mg and 100 mg, respectbo group. We found no significant differences between interventions for COVID-19-associated hospitalization (hydroxychloroquine hazard ratio [HR], 0.76 [95% CI, 0.30-1.88]; lopinavir-ritonavir HR, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.53-2.56] as well as for the secondary outcome of viral clearance through day 14 (hydroxychloroquine odds ratio [OR], 0.91 [95% CI, 0.82-1.02]; lopinavir-ritonavir OR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.94-1.16]). At the end of the trial, there were 3 fatalities recorded, 1 in the placebo group and 2 in the lopinavir-ritonavir intervention group.

In this randomized clinical trial, neither hydroxychloroquine nor lopinavir-ritonavir showed any significant benefit for decreasing COVID-19-associated hospitalization or other secondary clinical outcomes. This trial suggests that expedient clinical trials can be implemented in low-income settings even during the COVID-19 pandemic.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04403100.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04403100.
Read More: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PHA-793887.html