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Shortness of breath along with COVID-19: A trip regarding Research.
theory can expand knowledge and awareness about the stages of pain relief process, the pattern of using pain relief approaches, and the barriers and facilitators of pain relief process at home. Health-care professionals may use these findings to assess the knowledge, skill, capability, problems, and needs of family caregivers and patients and develop supportive and educational programs to improve the efficiency of pain relief process at home and improve the patients' quality of life.
The presence of lung cancer is almost always associated with pain, a symptom that causes severe distress in patients. Although many pharmacological methods are available to manage pain in this oncologic population, the medications often cause undesirable sideeffects and inadequate relief. Nonpharmacological interventions can be used as adjuvants to pharmacological interventions in reducing pain and increasing quality of life.

The purpose of this review is to compare the efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions in reducing pain in lung cancer patients.

This is a systematic review study guided by the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocol. Interventions identified in the present systematic review have been categorized as physical treatment, technologybased, cognitive behavioral, coping, and coaching.

Results indicate that the nonpharmacological interventions such as physical treatment interventions, selfmanagement and coaching interventions, cognitive behavioral interventions, and technologybased interventions or coping skills interventions had limited and shortterm effects on alleviating pain among the patients. However, previous studies have provided limited evidence regarding nonpharmacologic therapy due to the lack of a comparison group, small sample sizes, and lack of longterm followup periods to determine whether sustained effects are feasible.

Healthcare professionals should consider additional research on the added advantage of utilizing the nonpharmacological interventions as an adjunct option while managing pain in lung cancer patients.
Healthcare professionals should consider additional research on the added advantage of utilizing the nonpharmacological interventions as an adjunct option while managing pain in lung cancer patients.
Radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis is a major problem causing widespread clinical symptoms and may interfere with treatment plans, ultimately jeopardizing patient outcome. Zinc supplementation may be considered beneficial in preventing acute toxicity during chemoradiation.

The aim of the study is to determine the effect of zinc supplementation on radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis in Stage III and IV-A oropharynx and hypopharynx cancers treated by hyperfractionated accelerated concomitant boost radiotherapy with weakly cisplatin. The objective behind the study is to know any changes in the onset, duration, and severity of oropharyngeal mucositis by implementation of oral zinc sulfate.

The study is double-blinded randomized controlled assessment involving 120 patients (60 - control and 60 - experimental) treated with chemoradiation for oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. The experimental group received oral zinc sulfate 150 mg once daily during and after treatment, whereas the control group patients were given placebo. The categorical data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and Pearson correlation. The Friedman test was used for comparison of oral mucositis grading between the groups.

A statistically significant difference was found in the zinc-supported experimental group showing delay in onset, decrease in severity, and duration of oropharyngeal mucositis.

Zinc supplementation could be beneficial in managing oropharyngeal mucositis during chemoradiation of head-and-neck cancers with no untoward side effects.
Zinc supplementation could be beneficial in managing oropharyngeal mucositis during chemoradiation of head-and-neck cancers with no untoward side effects.
In terminal cancer patients (TCPs), one of the most important things is to define the survival to help the main responsible physicians, patients, and main caregivers make decisions, set goals, and work across the end-of-life strategies.

We retrospectively reviewed the medical files of TCPs, who died during September 2011 and December 2017, to recognize the correlation between prognostic nutritional indices (PNIs) and survival in those subtypes of patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to identify the cutoff value of PNI.

A total of 858 TCPs were eligible and included, the median age was 62 years (range 18-107). The most common primary cancer sites were colorectal cancer in 151 patients (17.6%), hepatobiliary in 129 (15%), lung cancer in 115 (13.4%), breast cancer in 114 (13.3%), and genitourinary in 80 (9.3%). The mean value of PNI for all cancer types was 32.9 ± 6.7. The values showed different levels across cancer types. For patients who lived >2 weeks, PNI was 36.7 compared with that who died within 2 weeks was 29.3, which was a statistically significant (
< 0.001). By the ROC curve, the cutoff value of PNI was 32.3 and area under the curve was 0.888. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 91.28% (95% confidence interval [CI] 88.2-93.8), 71.09% (95% CI 66.5-75.4), 76.5% (95% CI 73.7-79.2), and 88.8% (95% CI 85.3-91.5), respectively.

The PNI is an easy and an applicable biomarker to estimate life expectancy in TCPs.
The PNI is an easy and an applicable biomarker to estimate life expectancy in TCPs.
Patients with cancer receiving radiotherapy experiences fatigue and psychological distress. Now a days there has been growing interest towards managing these symptoms with non-pharmacological treatments, But researches related to effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy on fatigue and psychological distresses related to admitted patients are limited hence the aim of the study to evaluate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy on fatigue and psychological distress in Cancer patients during Radiotherapy.

Aim of the study to evaluate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy on fatigue and psychological distress in Cancer patients during Radiotherapy.

The study design was single blinded randomized control trial. Total of 50 patients, for both intervention and control group 25 patients were included. The intervention group patients received P.M.R. therapy of 20 min. given for 3 times/week of total period of 3 weeks, whereas the control group received conventional treatment with no added intervention. Fatigue symptom inventory and hospital anxiety and depression scale used as an outcome measures.

Paired
-test used for FSI to compare among intervention and control group and results were showing statistical significant difference (
< 0.05), similarly pre and post improvement was observed in both the groups for HADS. Between group comparison showed no superior improvement one over the other.

Based on the above findings, P.M.R. and conventional treatment were similarly efficacious in decreasing fatigue and psychological distress related to cancer patients who were hospitalized undergoing radiotherapy.
Based on the above findings, P.M.R. and conventional treatment were similarly efficacious in decreasing fatigue and psychological distress related to cancer patients who were hospitalized undergoing radiotherapy.
The aim and objective of the study was to identify, compare, and synthesize published qualitative evidence to have in-depth understanding of experiences of patients living with intestinal ostomy.

Over the past two decades, there have been numerous qualitative studies published depicting intense experiences of stoma patients brought about by the need to adapt with changing conditions following stoma creation. Synthesizing the findings of these studies can improve the understanding among health-care providers of needed support and care for ostomates.

This was a qualitative meta-synthesis.

Published articles were identified from the Medline, CINAHL, SciELO, PsycINFO, PubMed, WOS, Google Scholar and a hand search through selected journals published since 2000, and from references lists. Thirteen articles were selected using the predefined criteria.

A total of 222 patients, aged between 14 and 83 years from 13 studies, were identified for data collection. Ninety-seven were male and the rest of them were female. The themes identified were physical problems, psychological issues, social relations, environmental impact, and coping and adaptation to stoma.

The findings of the study identified numerous challenges and limitations in the life of patients with stoma. However, improving their skills of using problem-solving coping strategies and their interactions with other ostomates can help them to live a better and well-adjusted life.
The findings of the study identified numerous challenges and limitations in the life of patients with stoma. However, improving their skills of using problem-solving coping strategies and their interactions with other ostomates can help them to live a better and well-adjusted life.
Cancer has been most feared among all the significantly increasing chronic diseases, and is widely assumed to be fatal. The quality of life (QOL) of the patient pertaining to physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being is altered, which ultimately affects the QOL of the family caregivers. The study was conducted to assess the QOL among family caregivers of cancer patients and how cancer changes and alters the vision about life for the patient as well as the family caregivers.

The objective was to assess the QOL among family caregivers of the cancer patients.

A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted after the protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee and obtaining written informed consent from the participants. Two sets of validated questionnaire were used to assess the awareness and QOL of the family caregivers of the cancer patients. The filled questionnaires were received from the participants, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Neacancer and carcinogens from the environmental toxins. The QOL among caregivers of cancer patients is affected in all dimensions of life, with more emphasis on the social and psychological dimensions.
Majority of the caregivers had awareness regarding the cancer and carcinogens from the environmental toxins. The QOL among caregivers of cancer patients is affected in all dimensions of life, with more emphasis on the social and psychological dimensions.
The aim was to gain an understanding of what the United Kingdom (UK) Punjabi Sikh community understands and thinks about advance care planning (ACP). This is in response to evidence showing a lack of service usage by Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic groups.

Surveys containing questions about the impressions of terms, advance decisions for care, do-not-attempt-resuscitation, and lasting power of attorney were taken to targeted community groups; these included community day centers, sporting groups, temples, and social media circles. PX-478 molecular weight Surveys were available in both Punjabi and English languages.

A total of 311 surveys were received in total. There was a 50/50 gender split and a mixed group of ages; 75% were born in the UK and 15% were born in Punjab, India. Only a third had some understanding of what ACP meant. Nearly 50% of the participants did express wishes toward the end of their life, however only a third of the respondents knew how to access services. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was felt to be mandatory by 36%.
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