Notes

Present hurdles for the translation of nanomedicines from table on the center.
Our observations emphasize that implant complications may occur even after a long postoperative period, and the possibility of delayed bladder perforation from previous pelvic surgeries should be considered in patients presenting with urinary tract symptoms.
Colloid cysts are benign cystic lesions located at the anterior part of the third ventricle mostly at the foramen of Monro and contain colloid material. Hemorrhage in a colloid cyst is exceedingly rare. Only 15 clinically diagnosed cases of haemorrhagic cysts were reported in the literature and 5 more cases on autopsy. Here we report two rare cases of a haemorrhagic colloid cyst describing the atypical radiological findings, the undertaken surgical procedures and histopathological results.

We presented 2 cases of haemorrhagic third ventricle colloid cysts. First case is a 27-year-old male patient, presented with dizziness, nausea, vomiting and blurring of vision. He was operated by transcortical endoscopic transventricular excision of a third ventricular cyst and the insertion of external ventricular drain. The second patient is a 21-year-old male, presented with history of worsening headache for 1 month associated with blurring of vision. The patient had a transcortical microscopic, transventricular cyst excision.

Many questions regarding the best way to diagnose and manage such lesions remain unanswered. Hence, we summarize the relevant diagnostic images and best surgical techniques.

We concluded that, though exceedingly rare, colloid cyst can bleed and cause rapid deterioration in neurological status, thus, presence of atypical features should alert the physicians to consider atypical colloid cyst that would be valuable in surgical decision making whether endoscopic or microscopic.
We concluded that, though exceedingly rare, colloid cyst can bleed and cause rapid deterioration in neurological status, thus, presence of atypical features should alert the physicians to consider atypical colloid cyst that would be valuable in surgical decision making whether endoscopic or microscopic.
Achalasia is a rare primary motor disorder of the esophagus presenting with a classical triad of symptoms comprising dysphagia, regurgitation and weight loss. It is diagnosed from esophagogram which needs medical and surgical intervention.

A 63-year-old woman with dysphagia was admitted to our hospital. Endoscopy revealed a dilated distal and middle oesophagus with constriction of GE junction. Barium swallow revealed narrowing of GE junction and gross dilatation of oesophagus, thus diagnosed Stage III achalasia. It was treated with a laparoscopic oesophagogastrostomy using five-port technique. The gastrohepatic omentum was opened. Followed by division of the gastrophrenic attachments over the anterior aspect of the left crus. Then anterior wall of stomach was incised using a cautery. Endostapler was introduced through the gastrostomy, one blade introduced at the fundus and other at the lower end of esophagus, all confirmed endoscopically. Anterior surface of lower end of esophagus was approximated with fundus of stomach by endostapler creating new Gastroesophageal junction. Port site closure was done using PDS. There were no postoperative complications. Follow-up after 32 months did not reveal any structural changes in upper GI endoscopy and the patient, on PPIs and prokinetic drugs has been free from symptoms upto date.

The surgical treatment for stage III achalasia is a matter of controversy. Here a patient with stage III achalasia in whom laparoscopic esophago-gastrostomy was successfully performed.

The primary treatment for stage III achalasia is esophagectomy. Laparoscopic esophagogastrostomy which is less invasive approach represents an alternative to esophagectomy and laparoscopic Heller Myotomy.
The primary treatment for stage III achalasia is esophagectomy. PCO371 Laparoscopic esophagogastrostomy which is less invasive approach represents an alternative to esophagectomy and laparoscopic Heller Myotomy.We reviewed 7 patients with unsuccessful endoscopic hemostasis using covered self-expandable metal stent (CSEMS) placement for post-endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) bleeding. ES with a medium incision was performed in 6 and with a large incision in 1 patient. All but 1 of them (86%) showed delayed bleeding, warranting second endoscopic therapies followed by CSEMS placement 1-5 days after the initial ES. Subsequent CSEMS placement did not achieve complete hemostasis in any of the patients. Lateral-side incision lines (3 or 9 o'clock) had more frequent bleeding points (71%) than oral-side incision lines (11-12 o'clock; 29%). Additional endoscopic hemostatic procedures with hemostatic forceps, hypertonic saline epinephrine, or hemoclip achieved excellent hemostasis, resulting in complete hemostasis in all patients. These experiences provide an alert CSEMS placement is not an ultimate treatment for post-ES bleeding, despite its effectiveness. The lateral-side of the incision line, as well as the oral-most side, should be carefully examined for bleeding points, even after the CSEMS placement.
This study was performed to investigate the association between cystographic anastomotic urinary leakage (UL) after retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) and early urinary incontinence (UI).

The medical records of 53 patients who had undergone cystography after RRP at our institution between January 2015 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Cystography was performed 7 to 10 days after surgery. The duration of catheterization depended on the degree of UL, which was classified as mild, moderate, or severe. The study subjects were divided into the non-UL group and the UL group. Continence was defined as the use of no pads. The prostate was dissected in an antegrade fashion, and urethrovesical anastomosis was performed with a continuous suture.

Incontinence rates at 1 and 3 months postoperatively were significantly higher in the UL group than the non-UL group (83.3% vs. 52.2%, p=0.014 and 76.7% vs. 47.8%, p=0.030, respectively); however, those at 6 and 12 months were not significantly different (23.
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