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A Key Pathway to Cancer Resilience: The part involving Autophagy inside Glioblastomas.
Due to the pronatalist orientation of the Ghanaian society and the social consequences of childlessness, infertile persons adopt several health seeking strategies in their bid to have their own children. This study therefore explored the health seeking behaviour of infertile Ghanaians and the factors that influence this behavior. The study adopted a qualitative research approach. Forty-five semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to collect data. The findings suggest that treatment seeking behaviour of infertile Ghanaians was motivated largely by perceived cause and belief in the efficacy of a treatment form. Two main treatment seeking patterns emerged from the data, hierarchical and concurrent treatment seeking behaviours. Although participants combined spiritual healing with either herbal or orthodox medicine, a combination of orthodox and herbal seemed inappropriate to them. The findings of this study should have implications for healthcare workers in general as the quest for biological parenthood and the treatment seeking behaviours employed by the infertile could be detrimental to the health of these individuals. For instance, the use of unregulated herbalists and itinerant herbal medicine sellers, as well as the over reliance on spiritual healing could have dire implications for health.Early first antenatal consultation during pregnancy is important to identify women at risk of complications and to increase the probability of institutional delivery, with skilled birth attendants. However, most women in developing countries begin their antenatal visits after the first trimester. The purpose of this study was to estimate the extent of this phenomenon and to identify its main associated factors. We conducted a secondary data analysis using Kaya Health and Demographic Surveillance System Data (Kaya HDSS), which was collected between February 1 , 2013 and January 31 , 2014. This study included 704 women of reproductive age who permanently reside on Kaya HDSS area. The dependent variable was the time until the first antenatal consultation. The factors associated with late first antenatal consultation were identified by logistic regression. The prevalence of late first antenatal consultation was 62.93%. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that women of age 25 and over (OR=1.77; p=0.002), multiparity (OR=1.72; p=0.036), the women's lack of education (OR=2.72; p=0.001) and the household's poor socio- economic level (very low OR=2.89; p less then 0.001) were factors associated with late first antenatal consultation. Sanitary education, community implication and free healthcare for mothers and children can contribute in reducing this phenomenon in our context.Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) can detect sickle cell disease (HbSS) in embryos during In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF), to ensure the birth of unaffected children. The prevalence of haemoglobin S gene (HbS) is high in Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa, but access to PGT-M services in the setting is limited. A couple with the sickle cell trait (HbAS) had IVF, following which 12 embryos were biopsied and the corresponding cells analyzed using minisequencing for whole genome amplification and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine each embryo's haemoglobin (Hb) genotype. click here Two HbAA (normal) embryos were transferred to the mother resulting in the birth of a live HbAA male infant at 38 weeks gestation. The child has remained well after nine months of follow up with HbAA at repeat genotype evaluation.Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is among the commonly used contraceptive methods in the world including sub-Saharan Africa but have been associated with a number of complications that although rare, can occur. Uterine perforation is the most serious complication of the IUCD. Surgical management is required in cases with complete uterine perforation, in which the IUCD is partially or completely within the peritoneal cavity. We present a case of a 27year old para 2 woman reporting with mild lower abdominal pains and the absence of IUCD string in the vagina after its insertion following evacuation of the uterus 2 years prior to this study. With the utilization of multiple imaging modalities, an exploratory laparotomy was done to remove the migrated IUCD and repair of the perforated bowel and urinary bladder.Using a systematic literature review approach, this paper focused on the role of polygyny in the spread of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. The widespread practice of polygyny is one feature of many SSA contexts that may be relevant to understanding patterns of HIV prevalence. Building on the conflicting studies on the importance of polygyny, this study investigated whether or not polygyny is a conduit for elevating HIV transmission in SSA countries. Findings showed that polygyny as an institution is perhaps less of a concern; rather the implication that men and women who are in polygamous relationships are also more likely to engage in extra-marital sex - raises secondary questions about their patterns of sexual networking and concurrent sexual partnerships. The findings however show that polygyny amplifies risky sexual behaviours such as sexual networking and concurrent sexual partnerships, all of which were found to be significantly associated with the risk of HIV transmission. This demonstrates that targeting risky sexual behaviours in a broader marital context may be more important for HIV risk reduction than targeting polygyny as an institution.Male genital schistosomiasis (MGS) may result in eggs lodged in the prostate causing persistent inflammation that may play a major role in prostate carcinogenesis. Globally, prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers and the global distribution of PCa overlaps with that of schistosomiasis infections, suggesting a probable causal relationship. Objectives of this review were to assess evidence of co-existence of schistosomiasis and PCa and possible causal association between the two diseases. Relevant literature published between 1950 and 2019 yielded 20 publications on schistosomiasis and PCa co-existence. Schistosoma (S.) haematobium and S. mansoni were associated with MGS manifestation and mostly prostate adenocarcinoma diagnosis. Effects of prostatic MGS infection progressed over time with high Schistosoma egg burden thought to contribute to the development of PCa. Causal association and mechanistic pathways of MGS on PCa development and the role of Schistosoma eggs on the development of PCa remains unestablished.
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