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COVID-19 in children using haematological types of cancer.
The aim of this study consists of investigating the effects of the SO2, PM10, inorganic chemical elements and black carbon (BC) present in fine particulates on the acute outcomes of respiratory diseases in children up to 12 years of age living in Brazilian urban area in the southern hemisphere during the winter (2013) and summer (2013-2014) months. SO2 and PM10 concentration data were obtained from six air quality monitoring stations spatially distributed in the area. PM2.5 samples were collected at the same locations with a MiniVol sampler over a 24-h period on alternating days. The PM2.5 components were analysed using the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and reflectance techniques. Hospital care and admission events due to acute respiratory diseases (n = 8,987) of the coded groups JJ00-JJ99 of the International Code of Diseases (ICD-10) were obtained from three hospitals (one public and two private hospitals). To quantify the association of acute respiratory disease events with pollutant concentrations, a generalized additive model (GAM) with a Poisson distribution was applied. The results showed a greater risk of acute respiratory events due to exposure to SO2 with a relative risk of 1.28 (95% CI 1.22-1.34) and to PM10 with a risk of 1.14 (95% CI 1.09-1.20) on the day of exposure (lag 0). The chemical constituents present in the fine particles with the highest risk for acute respiratory diseases were Si with a risk of 1.22 (95% CI 1.15-1.29), S with a risk of 1.09 (95% CI 1.06-1.12), Ti with a risk of 1.09 (95% CI 1.01-1.17), BC with a risk of 1.07 (95% CI 1.03-1.11), Se with a risk of 1.03 (95% CI 0.96-1.10) and Ni with a risk of 1.03 (95% CI 0.96-1.10).The ever-increasing production of waste activated sludge (WAS) has become a widespread problem to sewage treatment plants around the world. Among the multitudinous sludge treatment methods, chemical oxidation is considered as an excellent technology with both high efficiency and low investment cost. As an eco-friendly oxidant, potassium ferrate (PF) has attracted great attention in sludge treatment over the past decade. The applications of PF have demonstrated advantages in (1) sludge dewatering; (2) minimization; (3) anaerobic fermentation; (4) removal of pollutants. This review summarizes recent work on the effects of PF on these four aspects of facilitating sludge disposal. Meanwhile, the underlying mechanisms for the diverse applications of PF on sludge treatment are analyzed. Furthermore, the shortages and knowledge gaps on current PF oxidizing methods are discussed, and directions for further research to simultaneously enhance treatment efficiency and reduce processing cost are suggested as well.Background There is little consensus in the literature regarding the effect of ethanol intoxication on trauma outcomes. Data on its effect in the elderly are even sparser. Our aim was to better define the impact of alcohol use in the geriatric trauma population. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective review at a level I trauma center looking at admissions from January 2015 through December 2018. Patients were grouped by age 15-64 y old (YOUNG) versus ≥ 65 y old (OLD). Blood alcohol content (BAC) ≤0.10 g/dL was ETOH (-), and BAC >0.10 g/dL was ETOH (+). These were then propensity matched by injury severity score and mechanism of injury. Fisher's exact test and linear regression were applied as appropriate. Significance was defined as P less then 0.05. find more Results There were 8754 patients admitted during the study time frame. A total of 6106 patients were YOUNG and 2647 were OLD. A total of 146 (5.5%) OLD patients were ETOH (+), whereas 1488 (24.4%) YOUNG patients were ETOH (+) (P less then 0.0001). To assess the impact of alcohol between the two age groups, 285 OLD patients were propensity matched with 285 YOUNG patients. Mortality was significantly higher in the OLD (11.9%) group than that in the YOUNG (3.5%) group (P less then 0.001). Morbidity was also higher in OLD versus YOUNG patients overall (P less then 0.05). The presence of ethanol did not significantly impact morbidity or mortality in YOUNG or OLD patients. Conclusions Higher mortality and morbidity is unsurprising in geriatric trauma patients; however, alcohol does not appear to play a significant role in these outcomes.Background Models that predict postoperative complications often ignore important intraoperative events and physiological changes. This study tested the hypothesis that accuracy, discrimination, and precision in predicting postoperative complications would improve when using both preoperative and intraoperative data input data compared with preoperative data alone. Methods This retrospective cohort analysis included 43,943 adults undergoing 52,529 inpatient surgeries at a single institution during a 5-y period. Random forest machine learning models in the validated MySurgeryRisk platform made patient-level predictions for seven postoperative complications and mortality occurring during hospital admission using electronic health record data and patient neighborhood characteristics. For each outcome, one model trained with preoperative data alone; one model trained with both preoperative and intraoperative data. Models were compared by accuracy, discrimination (expressed as area under the receiver operating chaicting postoperative complications and mortality.Fifteen previously undescribed coumarin derivatives, murratins A-M, including two pairs of coumarin enantiomers with a cyclopropane unit, two benzocoumarins, a dimeric coumarin, and eight C-8-substituted coumarins, together with six known analogues were isolated from the extract of the leaves and twigs of Murraya exotica L., a medicinal plant named "Jiulixiang" in Chinese. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations were assigned via comparison of the specific rotations, the ECD exciton coupling method, comparison of experimental and calculated ECD data, and the ECD data of in situ formed transition metal complexes. All the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells, and five coumarin derivatives showed moderate inhibitory activities. The possible mechanism for NO inhibition of undescribed bioactive compounds was deduced to interact with iNOS protein via molecular docking.
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