Notes

Acceptability associated with Vegetable Fortified Ugali within Sub-Saharan Cameras.
There also were no significant differences in the mean ATFL signal-noise ratio (SNR) value (7.5 ± 4.4 vs 7.3 ± 2.9; ns) or ATFL angle (82° ± 7° vs 84° ± 9°; ns) between the groups. CONCLUSION When compared with knot repair, knotless repair of the lateral ankle ligament produced similar functional outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.PURPOSE Revision constrained-condylar total knee arthroplasty (CCK-TKA) is often used to provide additional mechanical constraint after failure of a primary TKA. However, it is unknown how much this translates to a reliance on soft-tissue support. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the laxity of a native knee to the CCK-TKA implanted state and quantify how medial soft-tissues stabilise the knee following CCK-TKA. METHODS Ten intact cadaveric knees were tested in a robotic system at 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° flexion with ± 90 N anterior-posterior force, ± 8 Nm varus-valgus and ± 5 Nm internal-external torques. A fixed-bearing CCK-TKA was implanted and the laxity tests were repeated with the soft tissues intact and after sequential cutting. The deep and superficial medial collateral ligaments (dMCL, sMCL) and posteromedial capsule (PMC) were sequentially transected and the percentage contributions of each structure to restraining the applied loads were calculated. RESULTS Implanting a CCK-TKA did not alter anterior-posterior laxity from that of the original native knee, but it significantly decreased internal-external and varus-valgus rotational laxity (p  less then  0.05). Post CCK-TKA, the sMCL restrained 34% of the tibial displacing load in anterior drawer, 16% in internal rotation, 17% in external rotation and 53% in valgus, across the flexion angles tested. The dMCL restrained 11% of the valgus rotation moment. CONCLUSIONS With a fully-competent sMCL in-vitro, a fixed-bearing CCK-TKA knee provided more rotational constraint than the native knee. The robotic test data showed that both the soft-tissues and the semi-constrained implant restrained rotational knee laxity. Therefore, in clinical practice, a fixed-bearing CCK-TKA knee could be indicated for use in a knee with lax, less-competent medial soft tissues. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Controlled laboratory study.With the growing interest in enzyme applications, there is an urgent demand for economic, affordable, and flexible enzyme production processes. In the present paper, we developed a high cell density fed-batch process for the production of two cofactor-containing oxidase, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidase (HMFO) and eugenol oxidase (EUGO). The approach involved the arabinose-inducible system to drive the expression while using mineral media. In order to overcome a major drawback of arabinose-inducible promoters, carbon catabolite repression, (CCR) by glucose, we developed a high cell density culture (HCDC), two-stage fed-batch protocol allowing us to reach cell densities exceeding 70 g/L of dry cell weight (DCW) using glucose as carbon source. Then, induction was achieved by adding arabinose, while changing the carbon source to glycerol. This strategy allowed us to obtain an eightfold increase in recombinant HMFO titer when compared with a reference batch fermentation in Erlenmeyer flasks using terrific broth (TB), typically used with arabinose-inducible strains. The optimized protocol was also tested for expression of a structurally unrelated oxidase, EUGO, where a similar yield was achieved. Clearly, this two-step protocol in which a relatively cheap medium (when compared to TB) can be used reduces costs and provides a way to obtain protein production levels similar to those of IPTG-based systems. KEY POINTS • Arabinose promoters are not well suited for HCDC production due to CCR effect. • This drawback has been overcome by using a two-stage Fed-batch protocol. • Protein yield has been increased by an eightfold factor, improving process economics.Glues based on starch are widely used for the consolidation of brittle fibres in historic and archaeological textiles. Ageing fabrics are affected by hydrolysis/oxidation and cross-linking of these glues, a decrease of glues' solubility, the formation of cracks, and discoloration. The hydrolytic action of enzymes on starch-based glues is promising, as molecular recognition offers great selectivity. However, a systematic assessment of the best methods for applying enzymatic formulations has not been explored yet. Here, α-amylase was applied either by pipetting a solution or combining with gellan gel (embedded in the gel or spread on the gel surface). The effectiveness of the different formulations on the removal of potato and wheat starch was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and colorimetric measurements. Enzymes dispersed in gel showed weak diffusion at the surface, resulting in poor starch breakdown and removal. On the contrary, amylase applied by pipette and spread on gel resulted in high starch removal selectivity and efficiency, with neither swelling nor damage to the fibres. These results validate protocols for the assessment of the enzymatic activity on glue-consolidated fibres, identify best application methods and confirm the excellent properties of amylase dispersions for the conservation of historic and archaeological textiles.Key points• Application of α-amylase by pipette and combined with gellan gel to remove starch glues from wool.• Systematic assessment of the best application methods following a multi-analytical protocol.• Enzymes dispersed in gel exhibit poor diffusion at the surface, leading to weak starch removal.• Enzymes applied by pipette and spread on gel are efficient in starch cleaning, without damage to the fibres.Baicalin is reported as an effective drug for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, its effect on gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of baicalin on Th17/Treg balance, gut microbiota community, and SCFAs levels in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced UC rat model. We found the DAI scores were significantly increased in the TNBS-treated rats, while reduced in the baicalin-treated group in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied with the alleviation of mucosal injury, the reduction of ZO-1, Occludin, and MUC2 expression. At the meanwhile, baicalin repressed the increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA, while deceased the GSH and SOD levels in colon tissue of rats treated with TNBS. On the other hand, administration of baicalin attenuated the TNBS-induced upregulations of Th17/Treg ratio, indicating a strong amelioration in the colorectal inflammation. More importantly, pyrosequencing of the V4 regions of 16S rRNA genes in rat feces revealed a deviation of the gut microbiota in response to baicalin treatment. In particular, the decreased Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratios and endotoxin-bearing Proteobacteria levels indicated that baicalin reversed TNBS-induced gut dysbiosis OTUs. In addition, we further investigated the fecal levels of major SCFAs in rats and found that baicalin significantly resorted the fecal butyrate levels in rats treated with TNBS. The increased butyrate levels were in consistent with the higher abundance of butyrate-producing species such as Butyricimonas spp., Roseburia spp., Subdoligranulum spp., and Eubacteriu spp. in baicalin-treated group. In conclusion, our findings suggest that baicalin possibly protected rats against ulcerative colitis by regulation of Th17/Treg balance, and modulation of both gut microbiota and SCFAs. Baicalin may be used as a prebiotic agent to treat ulcerative colitis-associated inflammation and gut dysbiosis.PURPOSE Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed as potential treatment modalities for knee osteoarthritis. However, indications and long-term results have not been frequently reported. The purpose of this study was to determine whether bone marrow lesion on MRI are predictive of risk progression to total knee arthroplasty during the first ten years after subchondral cell therapy. METHODS This study included 140 adults aged 65 to 90 years. These 140 patients (mean age 75.4 ± 14.2 years) planned to undergo staged-bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for medial osteoarthritis, had "comparable" pain in both knees, and accepted randomization of the knees for surgery. They received TKA on one side and a subchondral injection of MSCs (from iliac bone marrow concentrate) on the contralateral knee during the same anaesthetic. The bone marrow graft of 20 cm3 volume (10 cc in the tibia and 10 cc in the femur) contained average 7800 MSCs/mL (range 3120 to 11,560). The baseline volume of bone marrow the same patient population (21 revisions, corresponding to 1.00% revision per person-year; p = 0.34). After adjusting for confounders, persistent BMLs larger than 3 cm3 after cell therapy was a strong independent risk factor for total knee arthroplasty (hazard ratio HR = 4.42 [95% CI = 2.34 to 7.21]; p  less then  0.001), regardless of OA grade, with higher risks demonstrated for larger BMLs. Incidence rates of arthroplasty were also higher for young patients and for knees presenting severe malalignment. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that subchondral bone marrow concentrate (as compared with TKA) had a sufficient effect on pain to postpone or avoid the TKA in the contra lateral joint of patients with bilateral osteoarthritis. Bone marrow lesions were predictive factors for future knee arthroplasty in the knee with subchondral cell therapy at ten years follow-up.PURPOSE To analyze the outcome of distal chevron metatarsal osteotomy (DCMO) with lateral release for moderate to severe hallux valgus patients aged 60 years or more. METHODS Consecutive 77 DCMOs in 54 patients were evaluated. Average age at operation was 65.1 ± 4.3 (range 60~79) years; the mean follow-up period was 20.5 ± 14.2 (range 12~93) months. Hallux valgus angle (HVA), first to second inter-metatarsal angle (IMA), and lateral sesamoid grades were measured. Considering the weak bone quality of the patients, fixation failures such as pin migration, callus formation, delayed union, and first metatarsal bone shortening were reviewed. PhleomycinD1 Osteoarthritis (OA) of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ), limitation of 1st MTPJ motion (LOM), and transfer metatarsalgia were also reviewed. RESULTS HVA, IMA, and sesamoid grades were improved at three months and final follow-up. The mean HVA was 36.9° ± 7.0° preoperatively and 6.8° ± 7.1° at final follow-up. The mean correction angle of HVA was 31.3° ± 8.5° at three months and 30.1° ± 8.9° at final follow-up. The mean IMA was 16.3° ± 3.0° pre-operatively and 7.7° ± 2.7° at final follow-up. Hallux varus deformity was observed in three feet. Instability of osteotomy site was observed in one foot. Mean metatarsal shortening length was 1.26 ± 2.1 mm at three month follow-up. There were no cases of transfer metatarsalgia after operation. OA was observed in four feet post-operatively. LOM was observed in ten feet (13.0%). There were no instances of re-fracture or avascular necrosis (AVN). CONCLUSION Despite concerns about aggravation of OA and fixation failure, distal chevron osteotomy with lateral release was safe on patients aged 60 years and over.
My Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/zeocin.html