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Glyphosate-degrading habits of 5 microbial ranges singled out through stream biofilms.
Furthermore, Zn and K (Zn12K60) increased transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Ci), and internal CO2. In conclusion, maize hybrids (Neelam and DK-6142) were observed best compared with inbred (Afghoi and P-1543) cultivars with the combined application of Zn and K (Zn12K60). Thus, these inbred varieties should be preferred for fodder requirement with optimum fertilizer (Zn12K60) application in Zn deficient soils.Global agricultural systems are under unprecedented pressures due to climate change. Advanced nano-engineering can help increase crop yields while ensuring sustainability. Nanotechnology improves agricultural productivity by boosting input efficiency and reducing waste. Alkaloids as one of the numerous secondary metabolites that serve variety of cellular functions essential for physiological processes. This study tests the competence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in boosting alkaloids accumulation in Catharanthus roseus suspension cultures in relation to the expression of C. roseus Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase 3 (CrMPK3) and Strictosidine Synthase (STR) genes. Five concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg·L-1) of AgNPs were utilized in addition to deionized water as control. Results reflected binary positive correlations among AgNPs concentration, oxidative stress indicated with increase in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents, activities of ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, expression of the regulatory gene CrMPK3 and the alkaloid biosynthetic gene STR as well as alkaloids accumulation. These correlations add to the growing evidence that AgNPs can trigger the accumulation of alkaloids in plant cells through a signaling pathway that involves hydrogen peroxide and MAPKs, leading to up-regulation of the biosynthetic genes, including STR gene.High salinity threatens crop production by harming plants and interfering with their development. Plant cells respond to salt stress in various ways, all of which involve multiple components such as proteins, peptides, lipids, sugars, and phytohormones. Phospholipids, important components of bio-membranes, are small amphoteric molecular compounds. These have attracted significant attention in recent years due to the regulatory effect they have on cellular activity. Over the past few decades, genetic and biochemical analyses have partly revealed that phospholipids regulate salt stress response by participating in salt stress signal transduction. In this review, we summarize the generation and metabolism of phospholipid phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphoinositides (PIs), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), as well as the regulatory role each phospholipid plays in the salt stress response. We also discuss the possible regulatory role based on how they act during other cellular activities.Phaseolus multiflorus var. albus (Leguminosae), commonly known as "white kidney bean", is a twining perennial vine whose fruit has been used as a popular food worldwide owing to its high nutritional content, in terms of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins. As part of our ongoing study to investigate novel bioactive components from various natural resources, a phytochemical investigation of the extract of P. multiflorus var. albus fruits resulted in the isolation of three phenolic compounds (1-3) and one dipeptide (4). The chemical structures of the compounds (1-4) were determined through 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; they were identified as denatonium (1), trans-ferulic acid ethyl ester (2), eugenin (3), and α-L-glutamyl-L-Leucine (4). Intriguingly, denatonium (1) is known to be the most bitter chemical compound. To the best of our knowledge, denatonium (1) was identified from natural sources for the first time, and compounds 2-4 were reported for the first time from P. multiflorus var. albus in this study; however, compound 2 turned out to be an artifact produced by an extraction with ethanol. The isolated compounds 1-4 were tested for their regulatory effects on the differentiation between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Compound 4 slightly suppressed the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs, and compounds 1 and 4 stimulated osteogenic differentiation, unlike the negative control. These findings provide experimental evidence that compounds 1 and 4 may induce the osteogenesis of MSCs and activate bone formation.In this study, the interacting effects of shade and planting methods on the growth and competitive ability of two understory plants Heracleum moellendorffii Hance and Adenophora divaricata Franch. & Sav. were investigated under different soil moisture and nutrient conditions. One-year-old seedlings were subjected to different light levels (0%, 35%, and 55% shade) and planting methods (monoculture and mixed) under contrasting soil moisture (1.2 L/m2 and 2.3 L/m2 of water) and soil nutrient conditions (unfertilized and fertilized). Here, shading significantly improved the height growth of H. moellendorffii (10-20 cm increase) in unfertilized and fertilized plots and at high soil moisture conditions. Contrarily, A. divaricata seedlings planted singly at full sunlight yielded a higher aboveground biomass growth (8-17 g plant-1), compared with those shaded and intercropped seedlings (0.9-3.9 g plant-1). The increased competitiveness of H. moellendorffii suppressed the growth of A. divaricata across different light conditions when planted together. The amount of light, soil moisture, and nutrients and their interactions significantly affected the growth of the seedlings, resulting in asymmetric interspecific competition between the two species. Results provide us with a better understanding of the environmental factors affecting plant growth for forest farming in the understory.In the present investigation, we study the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis MH161336 (106-8 CFU/cm3), silicon (25 mL L-1), and carrot extract (75 mL L-1) as seed primers, individually or in combination, on morphological, physio-biochemical and yield components of drought-stressed pea plants (Master B) during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons. Our results indicated that drought causes a remarkable reduction in plant height, leaf area, number of leaves per plant, and number of flowers per plant in stressed pea plants during two seasons. Likewise, number of pods, pod length, seeds weight of 10 dried plants, and dry weight of 100 seeds were decreased significantly in drought-stressed pea plants. Nevertheless, seed priming with the individual treatments or in combination boosted the morphological, physio-biochemical, and yield characters of pea plants. The best results were obtained with the Bacillus thuringiensis + carrot extract treatment, which led to a remarkable increase in the number of leaves per plant, leaf area, plant height, and number of flowers per plant in stressed pea plants in both seasons. Moreover, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seeds weight of 10 dried plants, and dry weight of 100 seeds were significantly increased as well. Bacillus thuringiensis + carrot extract treatment led to improved biochemical and physiological characters, such as relative water content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, regulated the up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes, increased seed yield, and decreased lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species, mainly superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, in drought-stressed pea plants.As plant specific transcription factors, NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) domain is involved in the plant development and stress responses. Due to the vitality of NAC gene family, BLASTp was performed to identify NAC genes in almond (Prunus dulcis). Further, phylogenetic and syntenic analyses were performed to determine the homology and evolutionary relationship. Gene duplication, gene structure, motif, subcellular localization, and cis-regulatory analyses were performed to assess the function of PdNAC. Whereas RNA-seq analysis was performed to determine the differential expression of PdNAC in fruits at various developmental stages. We identified 106 NAC genes in P. dulcis genome and were renamed according to their chromosomal distribution. Ripasudil ROCK inhibitor Phylogenetic analysis in both P. dulcis and Arabidopsis thaliana revealed the presence of 14 subfamilies. Motif and gene structure followed a pattern according to the PdNAC position in phylogenetic subfamilies. Majority of NAC are localized in the nucleus and have ABA-responsive elements in the upstream region of PdNAC. Differential gene expression analyses revealed one and six PdNAC that were up and down-regulated, respectively, at all development stages. This study provides insights into the structure and function of PdNAC along with their role in the fruit development to enhance an understanding of NAC in P. dulcis.Daphne mucronata Royle and Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl both belong to the Thymelaeaceae family. Both species are used traditionally to treat several diseases along with various daily applications by Jordanian Bedouins. Traditionally, those species are identified through personal proficiency, which could be misleading due to human errors or lack of expertise. This study aims to investigate an effective DNA barcoding method to identify and characterize Daphne mucronata Royle and Thymelaea hirsuta plant species at the molecular level. Daphne mucronata Royle and Thymelaea hirsuta were collected from the ancient city of Petra in the Southern part of Jordan. Sequences of candidate DNA barcodes were amplified (rbcL, matK, and rpoC1), sequenced, and aligned to the blastn database. Moreover, the obtained sequences were compared with available sequences of related species at the GenBank database. Our results showed that DNA barcoding successfully identifies the two plant species using any of chloroplast genes (rbcL, matK, or rpoC1). The results emphasize the ability of DNA barcoding for identifying and characterizing different plant species through the recruitment of different barcode loci in molecular identification.A metabolomics-flavoromics approach was conducted to assess the micromolecules of 'Nam Dok Mai Si Thong' and 'Nam Dok Mai No. 4' mango cultivars from two seasons. During ripening, FAMEs, FFAs, fatty alcohols, sterols, and organic acids were dominant at 0-2 days, whereas amino acids, sugars, and volatile organic compounds, including esters, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and terpenes, were at higher levels at 4-8 days. Nine metabolites (palmitic/linoleic/linolenic/citric/malic acids, β-sitosterol, sucrose, glycine, and leucine) and two volatile organic compounds (ethyl octanoate/decanoate) were related to ripening-associated changes within eight days. During ripening, sucrose at 6-8 days, citric/malic acid at 0-2 days, glycine and leucine at 4 days, and ethyl octanoate and ethyl decanoate at 8 days could be used as quality biomarkers for Nam Dok Mai Si Thong; palmitic/linoleic/linolenic acids at 0 days and β-sitosterol at 0-4 days could be used as quality biomarkers for Nam Dok Mai No. 4.Himatanthus sucuuba, also known as "Bellaco caspi", is a medicinal plant whose latex, stem bark, and leaves possess phenolic acids, lupeol, β-dihydro-plumbericinic acid, plumericin, and plumeride, among other components. Some of these have been linked to such biological activities as antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical compounds of H. sucuuba latex, as well as its in vitro cytotoxicity and wound healing effect in mice. Latex was collected in the province of Iquitos, Peru. Phytochemical analysis was carried out with UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The cytotoxicity was evaluated on two colon tumor cell lines (SW480 and SW620) and non-malignant cells (human keratinocytes, HaCaT, and Chinese hamster ovary, CHO-K1). The mice were distributed into two groups, as follows Group I-control (n = 10; without treatment); II-(n = 10) H. sucuuba latex; wounds were induced with a scalpel in the dorsal-cervical area and treatments were applied topically twice a day on the incision for 10 days.
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