Notes

The transcription aspect CmLEC1 really manages the particular seed-setting price inside hybridization mating involving chrysanthemum.
The aim of this study is to compare the antenatal care, body weight, and weight gain in pregnancy between the adolescent and adult pregnancies and, thus, examine the impact of adolescence on the studied parameters.

This prospective study includes 300 pregnant women who were the patients of University Clinical Center Tuzla, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics from January 2011 to December 2014. The women were divided into two groups an experimental group consisted of 150 adolescent pregnant women aged 13-19 years and a control group consisted of 150 adult pregnant women aged 20-35 years. The following parameters were analyzed age of pregnant women, number of antenatal controls in pregnancy, prepregnancy body weight, weight gain in pregnancy, parity, and obstetric history data.

A significantly higher number of adolescent pregnant women belongs to a subgroup from one to two examinations during pregnancy (
< 0.000013) and to subgroups from three to five examinations (
< 0.000001). A significantly smaller number of adolescent pregnant women performed their first antenatal control in the first 2 lunar months (
< 0.01). A subgroup with optimal body weight (from 51 to 69 kg) are the most prevalent among adolescent pregnant women (
< 0.000001). A significantly larger number of adolescent pregnant women had an optimal weight gain of 7.8 to 12.99 kg (
< 0.001).

The adolescent pregnant women have suboptimal antenatal care, which could lead to adverse maternal and birth outcomes, but have optimal body weight and weight gain during pregnancy.
The adolescent pregnant women have suboptimal antenatal care, which could lead to adverse maternal and birth outcomes, but have optimal body weight and weight gain during pregnancy.
Exposure to light from viewing devices at night disturbs the circadian rhythm, especially sleep. The study aimed to assess (a) extent to which smart phones are used by medical undergraduate students during bedtime and to find their quality of sleep (b) the association of quality of sleep and cell phone variables.

A cross sectional observational study was conducted among 450 medical undergraduate students. The participants completed Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and a validated semi structured questionnaire consisting of demographic details and cell phone variables.

By dividing the subjects into three groups according to their usage (Group I <1 hour, Group II 1 to 2 hours, Group III >2 hours), Group III respondents had significant prolonged sleep latency, reduced sleep duration, sleep inefficiency and daytime sleep disturbances (
< 0.05). Lack of awareness about night shift mode, lying posture use while using phone during bedtime correlated with poor quality sleep (
< 0.05).

Awareness about the negative impact of evening exposure to viewing devices on sleep and health should be emphasized.
Awareness about the negative impact of evening exposure to viewing devices on sleep and health should be emphasized.
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide. Therefore, we sought to determine the most important predictors of NAFLD among middle-aged men and women in Isfahan, Iran.

A total of 413 individuals (163 men and 250 women) aged 30-60 years were selected by stratified random sampling. The participants had safe alcohol consumption habits (<2 drinks/day) and no symptoms of hepatitis B and C. NAFLD was diagnosed through ultrasound. Blood pressure, anthropometric, and body composition measurements were made and liver function tests were conducted. Biochemical assessments, including the measurement of fasting blood sugar (FBS) and ferritin levels, as well as lipid profile tests were also performed. Metabolic syndrome was evaluated according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria.

The overall prevalence of ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD was 39.3%. The results indicated a significantly higher prevalence of NAFLD in men than in women (42.3% vs 30.4%;
< 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the significant variables as NAFLD predictors. Overall, male gender, high body mass index (BMI), high alanine aminotransferase (ALT), high FBS, and high ferritin were identified as the predictors of NAFLD. The only significant predictors of NAFLD among men were high BMI and high FBS. These predictors were high BMI, high FBS, and high ferritin in women (
< 0.05 for all variables).

The metabolic profile can be used for predicting NAFLD among men and women. BMI, FBS, ALT, and ferritin are the efficient predictors of NAFLD and can be used for NAFLD screening before liver biopsy.
The metabolic profile can be used for predicting NAFLD among men and women. BMI, FBS, ALT, and ferritin are the efficient predictors of NAFLD and can be used for NAFLD screening before liver biopsy.
Ethambutol (EMB) resistance is a major concern in patients with tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to determine the frequency rate of mutations in
306 gene of
(
) resistant to EMB, based on a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Thirty-seven original articles (1997-2015) that have been published in valid databases were considered for this research. The articles were systematically reviewed for the prevalence and rate of mutations in
306 in EMB-resistant
. Data were analyzed using meta-analysis and random effects models (CI 95%,
< 0.10).

With a 6,931 sample size in 37 original articles, the lowest rate was related to EMB resistance that was observed in 2014 with 0.05 (95% CI 0.04-0.07) and the highest prevalence rate was 0.84 (95% CI 0.68-1.01), observed in 1997. Lowest and highest prevalence rates of
306 gene mutation in
were 0.03 (95% CI 0.01-0.07) in 2014 and 0.78 (95% CI 0.71-1.84) in 2005, in the USA, respectively.

The present study revealed the prevalence and association of mutations in the
306 gene of
with resistance to EMB. Detecting EMB-resistant
can help in controlling and correcting the administration of drugs for patients with TB.
The present study revealed the prevalence and association of mutations in the embB306 gene of M. tuberculosis with resistance to EMB. Detecting EMB-resistant M. selleck kinase inhibitor tuberculosis can help in controlling and correcting the administration of drugs for patients with TB.
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