Notes

Strategies associated with estrous synchronization throughout lambs: innovations over the last twenty years: a review.
625 ± 62.83 particles kg-1. The polymeric forms found were High-density polyethylene (HDPE), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This study revealed microplastic input from municipal dump waste near the beach. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the presence of a new type of polymer namely plasta zinc in the beach sediment, which possibly could be a nanoplastic. Its presence reveals the biological enzymatic degradation of microplastic occurring in the marine environment. Further investigations are required to determine the factors influencing the prevalence of microplastic, its toxic effects on marine habitat and microplastic degradation mechanisms in the marine habitat.The process of bringing a new drug to market is complex and has recently necessitated a new drug discovery paradigm for the pharmaceutical industry that is both more efficient and more economical. Key to this has been the increasing use of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging to support drug discovery efforts by answering critical questions on the pathway for development and approval of a new therapeutic drug. Some of these questions include (i) Does the new drug reach its intended target in the body at sufficient levels to effectively treat or diagnose disease without unacceptable toxicity? (ii) How is the drug absorbed, metabolized, and excreted? (iii) What is the effective dose in humans? To conduct the appropriate imaging studies to answer such questions, pharmaceutical companies are increasingly partnering with molecular imaging departments. Nuclear medicine technologists are critical to this process as they perform scans to collect the qualitative and quantitative imaging data used to measure study endpoints. This article describes preclinical and clinical research trials and provides an overview of the different ways that radiopharmaceuticals are used to answer critical questions during therapeutic drug development.Radioiodine therapy has been widely used for ablation of remnant tissue after a surgical procedure for treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). The use of internal dosimetry procedures provides a new approach in choosing the activity to be administered considering the distribution and retention of 131I individually per patient. This study aims to assess the accumulated activity, internal bone marrow dosimetry and effective half-life of cases undergoing treatment for DTC. This is a quantitative retrospective study with analysis of diagnostic documents and images. The internal dosimetry method used consists of calculating the dose absorbed by the bone marrow per administered activity of 131I. The calculation of the absorbed dose takes into account the accumulated activity obtained through measurements of whole-body images acquired at 4 intervals over a period of 5 days. Dosimetry presented the values of absorbed dose per administered activity, with a mean of 0.101 mGy/MBq (min. 0.042 - max. 0.151). The mean whole-body residence time is equal to 23.1 hours (min 12.6 - max 39.4). Effective half-life equal to 16.0 hours (min. 7.6 and max. 28.2). Internal dosimetry provides information relevant to safe dose limits for application to DTC radioiodine therapy, especially in advanced cases of the disease where the use of greater activities may be necessary.Labeling radiopharmaceuticals and testing the quality of the labeled product before injecting it into patients are standard operating procedures in the nuclear medicine department. There is a different shelf life for each labeled product, which determines how long a product can maintain in vitro stability before it needs to be discarded. 177Lu is a radioactive isotope that is increasingly being accepted into the treatment paradigm for palliation of advanced-stage tumors, including metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). In our institution, synthesis of 177Lu with prostate-specific membrane antigen imaging and therapy (PSMA I&T) for palliation of mCRPC is performed on an automated synthesis system. Methods After each synthesis, the final product quality was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and instant thin-layer chromatography (ITLC) at 3 different time points 0, 24, and 48 h. Between February 2020 and October 2020, the quality of 35 batches of 177Lu-PSMA I&T was evaluated. Results The average radiochemical purity of ITLC-silica gel was found to be greater than 99% (99.70% ± 0.05%), and HPLC was greater than 98% (98.60% ± 0.05%). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that synthesis of 177Lu-PSMA I&T with an automated synthesis system can remain stable for 48 h after labeling.This report is of an unusual case of radioactive contamination of a gamma camera after scanning two individuals who had been treated 3 days prior with ablative doses of radioiodine (131I) for thyroid cancer. A combination of observed half-life and pulse-height spectroscopy were employed to identify the radio-contaminant. The source of the contamination was eventually found to be a single human hair, presumably contaminated by the individual sucking her hair while waiting for the scan to start. This case demonstrates that hair can be contaminated by saliva and potentially other bodily fluids in the post-ablation setting and that using physical characteristics, in this case the observed half-life and pulse-height spectroscopy, can be useful in identifying the radio-contaminant.The 2018 FDA approval of 177Lu-DOTATATE for the treatment of somatostatin receptor-positive (SSTR) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represents a paradigm shifting approach to cancer treatments around the globe. Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NETs overexpress the somatostatin subtype receptor 2, which is now exploited for receptor-based imaging and therapy, thus generating significant progress in the diagnosis and treatment of this orphan disease. The recent FDA approval of receptor-based PET radiopharmaceuticals and a new peptide receptor radiopharmaceutical therapy (PRRT), 177Lu-DOTATATE, has dramatically impacted NET patient management. The focus of this paper is to review clinical considerations associated with implementing a 177Lu-DOTATATE program. We review receptor-based NET radiopharmaceuticals, 177Lu-DOTATATE patient selection criteria, administration methods, clinical, regulatory, and radiation safety considerations, technical factors, tissue dosimetry, and reimbursement guidelines.
To measure the incidence of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) and resulting complications in northwestern Ontario, including among Indigenous and rural populations.

Cross-sectional study.

As the only tertiary care hospital in northwestern Ontario, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre (TBRHSC) functions as the primary referral centre for most of the region. The catchment population has substantial Indigenous (21.5%) and rural (34.2%) populations.

All cases of PSGN managed at TBRHSC over an 8-year period from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2017.

Cases were classified as confirmed, probable, or possible based on the type of evidence available. Patients' rurality and Indigenous status were recorded. Incidence rates and incidence rate ratios of all, pediatric (<18 years), and adult PSGN cases were calculated, as were incidence rates and incidence rate ratios of those requiring dialysis. selleck compound Linear interpolation and extrapolation were used to estimate the population in non-census years.
regional Indigenous groups, advocacy is needed for PSGN to be made reportable and public health action must be taken to address these pronounced disparities.
The main burden of PSGN in northwestern Ontario occurs among Indigenous and rural populations. Additional research is required to investigate the true overall burden of PSGN in the region. In collaboration with regional Indigenous groups, advocacy is needed for PSGN to be made reportable and public health action must be taken to address these pronounced disparities.
To explore the perspectives and preferences of pregnant women receiving prenatal care in a rural community regarding delivery location.

Exploratory qualitative research project.

The La Ronge Medical Clinic in northern Saskatchewan.

Pregnant women of any parity aged 18 years or older who attended the clinic for prenatal care from March 1, 2018, to March 31, 2019, were invited to participate. The closest obstetric and surgical services are 240 km away.

This project was undertaken using semistructured interviews. The interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed, and analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis, taking into consideration both saturation and analyst triangulation. The investigators and researchers on this project were family medicine residents and faculty in a remote medical clinic.

The factors that played a substantial role in influencing the patients' decisions regarding delivery location included access to medical services, proximity to home community, perceptions of medical care providers, and some unique features of local hospitals. The participants largely believed they maintained their autonomy in selecting their preferred delivery location while seeking input from their prenatal care providers and families.

Pregnant women in this rural community consider many factors when deciding on their delivery location. These findings can be taken into consideration by physicians when discussing with their rural patients the risks and benefits of delivery in both rural and urban centres. Barriers to local delivery should be addressed, while maintaining a woman's autonomy to choose where she gives birth.
Pregnant women in this rural community consider many factors when deciding on their delivery location. These findings can be taken into consideration by physicians when discussing with their rural patients the risks and benefits of delivery in both rural and urban centres. Barriers to local delivery should be addressed, while maintaining a woman's autonomy to choose where she gives birth.
To explore Canadian FPs' experiences with, perceived barriers to, and perceived facilitators of FP-initiated partner notification (PN) for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as to inform the development of tools that might enhance this work.

Online survey.

British Columbia.

A total of 146 FPs recruited through the Divisions of Family Practice community-based networks of FPs throughout the province.

Family physicians' current STI and PN practices, opinions regarding FP-initiated PN, perceived barriers to and facilitators of FP-initiated PN, and preferred PN resources.

More than 90% of FPs had diagnosed an STI within the past year, and most (60.3% to 96.6%, depending on the STI) told patients to inform their partners. Two-thirds (66.4%) felt that PN should not be done by FPs, and fewer than 10% reported contacting partners. Reported barriers included inaccurate or incomplete lists of partners (67.1%), poor compensation (54.1%), and insufficient time (54.1%). Facilitators chosen by respondents included another health professional assigned to follow up with PN (77.4%) and improved remuneration (74.7%). Electronic PN tools directed at patients (eg, PN slips) were favoured over resources directed at providers.

Family physicians regularly manage STIs and currently take part in PN primarily through educating index cases. However, most do not feel that PN should be conducted by FPs, and most believe that FP-initiated PN would require additional personnel, remuneration, and legal guidance.
Family physicians regularly manage STIs and currently take part in PN primarily through educating index cases. However, most do not feel that PN should be conducted by FPs, and most believe that FP-initiated PN would require additional personnel, remuneration, and legal guidance.
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