Notes

Erratum: Examination of presidency Involvement Effectiveness within Rubbing COVID-19 Pandemic and its particular Positives and negatives on Informative Routines, True of Serious Dawa Town [Erratum].
The goal of this study was to identify bone defects of critical size in C57BL/6 mouse mandibles.

Twenty-four male mice were included in this study. All mice underwent surgeries on their left mandibles. Mandibular defects of 1.0 mm (n = 8), 1.6 mm (n = 8), and 2.3 mm (n = 8) were created. For the investigation of bone healing after an 8-week period, micro-computed tomography scans and histomorphology were performed.

Mandibular bone nonunions were seen 0/8 in the 1.0-mm group, 6/8 in the 1.6-mm group, and 8/8 in the 2.3-mm group. The outcome of micro-computed tomography showed that, after 8 weeks, the bone mineral density and the bone volume to total volume ratio were significantly different among the 3 groups. The defect gaps in the nonunion 1.6- and 2.3-mm groups were filled with connective tissue, and no obvious bone formation was found. Additionally, in quantitative analysis, according to the new bone fill calculations, the percentages were 91.85% ± 8.03% in the 1.0-mm group, 59.84% ± 20.60% in the 1.6-mm group, and 15.36% ± 8.28% in the 2.3-mm group, which indicated statistically significantly lower defect healing in the 2.3-mm group.

The creation of 2.3-mm mandibular defects produces osseous nonunion in C57BL/6 mice.
The creation of 2.3-mm mandibular defects produces osseous nonunion in C57BL/6 mice.
Facial feminization surgery (FFS) plays an instrumental role in the process of gender affirmation. These procedures are becoming increasingly appreciated for their ability to improve patient satisfaction and gender identity in a way that alleviates gender dysphoria and improves the quality of life. Despite the recent surge in popularity across the US, the current literature lacks evidence on the safety profile of combined facial feminization procedures. Our goal was to determine the safety profile of facial feminization procedures registered on a national surgical database.

Patients with a primary diagnosis of gender dysphoria undergoing facial surgical procedures were identified from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database between the years 2013 and 2018. Demographic characteristics along with 30-day postoperative complications were recorded. Logistic regression models adjusted for confounders were used to determine the independent predictors of postoperative complications.

A cohort ormed during a single anesthetic were not independent predictors of 30-day postoperative complications (P < 0.317 and P  < 0.19, respectively).

FFS can be safely performed and has a low risk of postoperative morbidity. The number of patients seeking FFS surgery has risen exponentially, with the highest demand seen for the reconstruction of the upper facial third. JQ1 mw These findings should guide expectations for patients seeking FFS, as well as for plastic surgeons looking to perform multiple procedures per anesthetic event.
FFS can be safely performed and has a low risk of postoperative morbidity. The number of patients seeking FFS surgery has risen exponentially, with the highest demand seen for the reconstruction of the upper facial third. These findings should guide expectations for patients seeking FFS, as well as for plastic surgeons looking to perform multiple procedures per anesthetic event.
The aim of this study was to show the displacements and strain induced by the supraorbital band advancement during a craniofacial surgery for an anterior plagiocephaly on the orbital bones and the orbital content thanks to a numerical surgical simulation using the finite element method.

A three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of a child with an anterior plagiocephaly was entirely created from a tomodensitometry of a patient followed by our Craniofacial Pediatric team. Data of the tomodensitometry were computed with Slicer 3D to re-create the orbit geometry. Mesh production, properties of the model, and simulations of the fronto-orbital advancement were conducted on Hyperworks software (Altair Engineering, Inc., Detroit, MI, USA).

The resulting 3D Finite Element Model was used to perform the supraorbital advancement simulation. Displacement and strain patterns were studied for orbital bones, oculomotor muscles, and eyeballs. Relative high strain in the both trochlear area and excycloration of the rgical procedures.
The purpose of this prospective study is to compare perioperative morbidity and strabismus rates between traditional fronto-orbital advancement reconstruction (FOAR) and fronto-orbital distraction osteogenesis (FODO) in unicoronal craniosynostosis (UCS).

A consecutive group of 15 patients undergoing FODO for isolated UCS were compared to a contemporaneous group of 15 patients undergoing traditional FOAR for UCS. Patient age, operative time, blood loss, blood replacement, technical details of the surgery, length of stay, complications, and strabismus rates were documented and compared statistically using chi-square and Student t test with a significance value of 0.05.

The 15 patients undergoing FODO were younger (6.3 and 9.8 months, P < 0.05), experienced less operative time for the initial procedure (111 versus 190 minutes, P < 0.01), less blood loss (26% versus 50% of total blood volume, P < 0.01), and less blood replacement (40% versus 60% of total blood volume, P < 0.05). One patient in the FODO group experienced a new-onset strabismus postoperatively compared with 5 in the FOAR group (P < 0.05). There were no complications requiring a return to the operating room in either group.

Fronto-orbital distraction osteogenesis for the treatment of isolated UCS is associated with a favorable perioperative morbidity profile and a decreased incidence of postoperative strabismus compared with traditional FOAR. These positive factors are tempered by the need for an additional procedure for removal of the device and lack of long-term outcomes data on the technique.
Fronto-orbital distraction osteogenesis for the treatment of isolated UCS is associated with a favorable perioperative morbidity profile and a decreased incidence of postoperative strabismus compared with traditional FOAR. link2 These positive factors are tempered by the need for an additional procedure for removal of the device and lack of long-term outcomes data on the technique.
Reconstruction of full-thickness eyelid wounds is challenging. In this case, using buccal mucosa to repair the conjunctival surface of the lower eyelid defect maintain the function of the conjunctival surface, reduce the damage to the original ocular surface environment. Using autologous auricular cartilage as the skeleton of the eyelid defect, provided better support for the flap, and the site had a good esthetic appearance after surgery. link3 Using skin flap to repair the skin surface of the lower eyelid defect, the eyelid defect can be repaired and good clinical results can be obtained.
Reconstruction of full-thickness eyelid wounds is challenging. In this case, using buccal mucosa to repair the conjunctival surface of the lower eyelid defect maintain the function of the conjunctival surface, reduce the damage to the original ocular surface environment. Using autologous auricular cartilage as the skeleton of the eyelid defect, provided better support for the flap, and the site had a good esthetic appearance after surgery. Using skin flap to repair the skin surface of the lower eyelid defect, the eyelid defect can be repaired and good clinical results can be obtained.
Frontalis flap advancement is an alternative means of congenital ptosis repair from frontalis suspension utilizing autologous fascia or allogenic implants. Variations in technique, including flap division, location and number of skin incisions, and dissection planes, are described in the literature.

A retrospective case series of patients with congenital myogenic ptosis treated with simplified, minimal dissection frontalis flap advancement involving a single upper eyelid crease incision with dissection in the preseptal and subcutaneous planes without division to mobilize the frontalis flap. Inclusion criteria pediatric patients age < 18 years with either primary or recurrent congenital ptosis following previous surgical repair. Exclusion criteria ptosis of neurogenic etiology or postoperative follow-up < 3 months. Primary outcome measures were postoperative margin-reflex distance 1 (MRD1), the difference in MRD1 between surgical and nonsurgical eyelids in unilateral ptosis, and lagophthalmos. Seconded with minimal dissection direct frontalis flap advancement.
Sagittal synostosis is the most common type of craniosynostosis. Sagittal suture fusion causes restriction of biparietal cranial vault growth, with expansion of the growing brain causing frontal bossing, an occipital bullet, and an elongated head shape. Due to the absence of studies focusing on the posterior cranial vault pattern in isolated sagittal craniosynostosis, we organized this study to characterize the posterior part of the cranial vault and its association with sagittal craniosynostosis. A retrospective study was conducted of isolated sagittal craniosynostosis patients who had undergone total cranial vault remodeling at the Cleft and Craniofacial South Australia (formerly known as the Australian Craniofacial Unit) between January 2018 and February 2020. Preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) images were reviewed. The following parameters were evaluated the cephalic index, lambdoid suture shape, lambdoid suture line pattern, presence of wormian bones along the lambdoid sutures aating patterns were also significantly associated with young patients with sagittal craniosynostosis. No associations between the remaining parameters and particular synostoses were revealed.
Physical and therapeutic strategies to maintain and rehabilitate skeletal muscle mass, strength, and postural balance are clinically relevant to improve the health, well-being, and quality of life of older adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM)/laser therapy combined with a resistance training (RT) program on quadriceps hypertrophy and strength, and postural balance in older women.

In a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled design, twenty-two older women (age 66.6 ± 5.2 years) were engaged in a supervised 10-wk RT program (2 times per week) involving unilateral leg extension exercise, in which each leg of the same participant was randomly assigned to receive active (λ = 808 nm, optical output = 100 mW, total energy = 42 J) or placebo laser PBM immediately before the RT sessions. Maximal dynamic strength by unilateral knee extension 1-repetition maximum (1RM), muscle hypertrophy by vastus lateralis muscle thickness, and postural balance by one-rapy before the RT sessions may further improve gains in muscle hypertrophy.
To compare the visual performance, spectacle independence and subjective visual quality of three intraocular lenses (IOLs) monofocal, enhanced monofocal, and extended range of vision.

Ophthalmology Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.

Prospective case series.

We included patients without ocular comorbidities and corneal astigmatism <0.75 diopters (D) undergoing cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of monofocal Tecnis ZCB00, enhanced monofocal Eyhance ICB00, and extended range of vision Symfony ZXR00. Six months postoperatively we analyzed the following parameters subjective and objective refraction; monocular and binocular corrected distance (4 m) and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA); corrected distance, intermediate (66 cm) and near (40 cm) visual acuity, as well as uncorrected intermediate (UIVA) and uncorrected near (UNVA) visual acuity; photopic contrast sensitivity, binocular defocus curve; halo and glare perception; spectacle independence.

We evaluated 150 eyes of 75 patients (25 patients per IOL group).
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