Notes

Powerful dangerous activity of citrinin, a new candica phytotoxin, as well as method regarding action inside onion tissue.
The self-efficacy to return to work is a major psychological factor of the return to work of patients diagnosed with a cancer. However, french investigations in this field do not take this dimension into account due to the lack of a suitable tool for its assessment. The objective of this study was to provide a french translation and adaptation of the "Return to Work Self-Efficacy' scale-11 items" (RTWSE-11), validated in dutch language in its original version.

After translation-back translation steps, completed by experts' consensus meetings, interviews were conducted with thirteen patients diagnosed with cancer in order to evaluate the degree of clarity, simplicity and ambiguity or the various elements of the french version of the RTW-SE-11.

The main modifications inherent to the french adaptation of the questionnaire concerned the modalities of the Likert scale and the inversion of three negative items into positive items.

The french translation and adaptation of the RTWSE-11 was particularly faithful to the semantic, idiomatic, functional, experiential, conceptual and operational aspects of the original version. Future work can therefore focus on the psychometrics evaluations of the questionnaire. However, this tool can already be used in clinical practice to establish an initial assessment of the ability of patients diagnosed with cancer to return to work.
The french translation and adaptation of the RTWSE-11 was particularly faithful to the semantic, idiomatic, functional, experiential, conceptual and operational aspects of the original version. Future work can therefore focus on the psychometrics evaluations of the questionnaire. However, this tool can already be used in clinical practice to establish an initial assessment of the ability of patients diagnosed with cancer to return to work.
First Contact Physiotherapy (FCP) is a primary care model where expert musculoskeletal (MSK) physiotherapists undertake the first patient consultation, to enhance MSK-patient care and free-up GP capacity. MEK inhibitor The authors report the quantitative findings from the FCP National Evaluation (Phase 3) which evaluated the FCP model against success criteria.

A mixed-methods 24-month service evaluation involving 40 FCP sites and 240 FCPs across England.

An online platform collected patient-reported experience and outcomes following the FCP consultation and at 1, 2 and 3-months follow-up. These included the Keele STarT MSK Tool, pain intensity (0-10 NRS scale), Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ, range 0-56), and Friends-and-Family Test.

Over 13 months, 2825 patients were invited by email and 24% (n=680) completed their initial questionnaire. Their mean age was 56.2 (SD 14.9), 61% were female, ethnicity was 97% white, mean pain intensity was 6.1 (SD 2.13) and mean MSK-HQ score was 33.8 (SD 9.5). At 3-months follow-up (n=370) there was a 2.8 (CI 2.5 to 3.1) mean pain intensity reduction from baseline, a mean 7.1 (6.0 to 8.2) score improvement in MSK-HQ and 64% reporting overall improvement (much better/better) since seeing the FCP. One of the six success criteria was not met; 29% of those in employment reported receiving specific work advice from the FCP (target ≥75%).

Ahead of the planned scale-up of the FCP primary care model across the UK, this evaluation provides useful data on patients who access this service, their short-term clinical outcomes and whether key success criteria are being met.
Ahead of the planned scale-up of the FCP primary care model across the UK, this evaluation provides useful data on patients who access this service, their short-term clinical outcomes and whether key success criteria are being met.
Demand for dental services has been known to be linked closely to dental insurance and disposable income. Widespread economic uncertainty and health systems changes due to COVID-19 thus may have a significant impact on dental care use.

Using deidentified dental practice management data from 2019 and 2020, the authors observed variations in dental care use among insured patients since the COVID-19 outbreak (during the period of practice closure and after the reopening) by patient age, procedure type, insurance type, practice size, geographic area, and reopening status. The authors examined whether the rebound in procedure volumes at dental practices can be explained by county-level characteristics using hierarchical regression models.

Although dental care use among privately insured patients fully rebounded by August 2020, use still remained lower than the prepandemic level by 7.54% among the publicly insured population. Demand for teledentistry increased 60-fold during practice closure. Geographic characteristics-such as median household income, percentages of rural or Black populations, and dental care professional shortage designations-were associated significantly with the number of procedures performed at dental practices.

As a result of COVID-19, dental practices experienced substantial decreases in procedure volume, particularly among patients covered by public insurance or residing in underserved areas.

During economic downturns, state health officials should be encouraged to adopt policies to expand access to oral health care for vulnerable populations via oral health promotion strategies and increasing the supply of dentists or midlevel dental care providers in underserved areas.
During economic downturns, state health officials should be encouraged to adopt policies to expand access to oral health care for vulnerable populations via oral health promotion strategies and increasing the supply of dentists or midlevel dental care providers in underserved areas.
Post space preparation can increase the risk of experiencing perforation and root fracture. The authors assessed remaining dentin thickness after post space preparation and the fit of different prefabricated posts to root canal preparation systems in a theoretical model.

Ten datasets per type of tooth from cone-beam computed tomography were analyzed to determine the minimum root diameter from 5 through 13 mm from the apical foramen. The preparation shapes of 10 root canal preparation systems were calculated and compared with theroot dimensions to determine the remaining dentin thickness. Eight post brands were compared with root dimensions to determine the areas where there was less than 1 mm dentin thickness.

The average root canal preparation shape produced canal diameters of 0.57 mm at 5 mm from the canal terminus and 0.94 mm at 13 mm from the canal terminus. The mean post size tip diameter was 1.03 mm, which is larger than the dimensions of the average canal preparation. Post preparation would result in less than 1 mm of dentin thickness remaining in premolars, smaller roots of molars, and mandibular incisors. The area with less than 1 mm of dentin thickness was around the post tip.

Endosequence Fiber Post (Brasseler USA), RelyX Fiber Post 3D (3M), and Rebilda (VOCO) were the better fitting posts with the root canal preparation shapes.

Many posts would result in less than 1 mm dentin thickness. Clinicians should use posts that fit their root canal preparations to minimize dentin removal.
Many posts would result in less than 1 mm dentin thickness. Clinicians should use posts that fit their root canal preparations to minimize dentin removal.The pathophysiological study of diabetes mellitus took an important place in the school of Montpellier since the end of the XIXth century with Emmanuel Hedon's (1863-1933) contribution to the demonstration of the endocrine function of the pancreas. In 1942, a new sulfonamide compound (2254RP) was tested in the infectious diseases department of Pr M. Janbon (1898-1996) on cases of typhoid fever, leading to several deaths rapidly related to hypoglycaemia. The physiologist Auguste Loubatières (1912-1977) rapidly demonstrated that this hypoglycaemic effect required the presence of pancreas and was explained by stimulation of insulin secretion. He contributed to the description of a hypoglycaemic effect of several other sulphonamide compounds. He considered the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of this class of drugs. This is a good example of a medical discovery combining a favourable local environment, serendipity and perfect experimental approach.In some cases, antibodies can enhance virus entry and replication in cells. This phenomenon is called antibody-dependent infection enhancement (ADE). ADE not only promotes the virus to be recognized by the target cell and enters the target cell, but also affects the signal transmission in the target cell. Early formalin-inactivated virus vaccines such as aluminum adjuvants (RSV and measles) have been shown to induce ADE. Although there is no direct evidence that there is ADE in COVID-19, this potential risk is a huge challenge for prevention and vaccine development. This article focuses on the virus-induced ADE phenomenon and its molecular mechanism. It also summarizes various attempts in vaccine research and development to eliminate the ADE phenomenon, and proposes to avoid ADE in vaccine development from the perspective of antigens and adjuvants.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections trigger viral RNA sensors such as TLR7 and RIG-I, thereby leading to production of type I interferon (IFN) and other inflammatory mediators. Expression of viral proteins in the context of this inflammation leads to stereotypical antigen-specific antibody and T cell responses that clear the virus. Immunity is then maintained through long-lived antibody-secreting plasma cells and by memory B and T cells that can initiate anamnestic responses. Each of these steps is consistent with prior knowledge of acute RNA virus infections. Yet there are certain concepts, while not entirely new, that have been resurrected by the biology of severe SARS-CoV-2 infections and deserve further attention. These include production of anti-IFN autoantibodies, early inflammatory processes that slow adaptive humoral immunity, immunodominance of antibody responses, and original antigenic sin. Moreover, multiple different vaccine platforms allow for comparisons of pathways that promote robust and durable adaptive immunity.In the past, brain function and the onset and progression of neurological diseases have been studied in a neuron-centric manner. However, in recent years the focus of many neuroscientists has shifted to other cell types that promote neurodevelopment and contribute to the functionality of neuronal networks in health and disease. Particularly microglia and astrocytes have been implicated in actively contributing to and controlling neuronal development, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Here, we summarize the development of brain-resident macrophages and astrocytes and their core functions in the developing brain. We discuss their contribution and intercellular crosstalk during tissue homeostasis and pathophysiology. We argue that in-depth knowledge of non-neuronal cells in the brain could provide novel therapeutic targets to reverse or contain neurological diseases.Disease-related malnutrition in adult patients who have been admitted to hospital is a syndrome associated with substantially increased morbidity, disability, short-term and long-term mortality, impaired recovery from illness, and cost of care. There is uncertainty regarding optimal diagnostic criteria, definitions for malnutrition, and how to identify patients who would benefit from nutritional intervention. Malnutrition has become the focus of research aimed at translating current knowledge of its pathophysiology into improved diagnosis and treatment. Researchers are particularly interested in developing nutritional interventions that reverse the negative effects of disease-related malnutrition in the hospital setting. High-quality randomised trials have provided evidence that nutritional therapy can reduce morbidity and other complications associated with malnutrition in some patients. Screening of patients for risk of malnutrition at hospital admission, followed by nutritional assessment and individualised nutritional interventions for malnourished patients, should become part of routine clinical care and multimodal treatment in hospitals worldwide.
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