Notes

SARS-CoV-2 contamination in dogs and cats inside afflicted mink facilities.
Expedited discharge should be considered when possible, with adequate antibiotic treatment and follow up for definitive wound treatment.SARS-CoV-2 is a virus that can enter its hosts through the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor. ACE2 is mainly expressed in cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the esophageal epithelium and enterocytes from the ileum-colon. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has varying clinical symptoms and presents differently in individuals, ranging from asymptomatic carriers to moderate clinical spectrum with mild pneumonia clinical features, and to a severe clinical presentation with dyspnea and hypoxia, leading to death due to respiratory or multi-organ failure. COVID-19 infection can also manifest themselves in the form of gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain. Severe complications of gastrointestinal COVID-19 infections include hemorrhage or perforation of the gastrointestinal tract and severe inflammation, which can adversely affect the intestinal immune system, and therefore the systemic immune system of the host. Furthermore, COVID-19 has also shown to affect microbiota homeostasis in the digestive tract. To date, no clear explanation is available regarding the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection, fecal RNA detection, and the possibility of fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This review aims to discuss the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the digestive tract, microbiota, and lung, and the possibility of fecal-oral transmission in COVID-19.The global widespread mortality after the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in China, has become a critical concern all around the world. Convalescent plasma (CP) therapy is one of the methods elevating the survival rate for COVID-19 infection cases. This technique, as a practicable therapy, was used in previous viral outbreaks including influenza, SARS and MERS. In CP therapy, the blood plasma is collected from persons rehabilitated from that specific infection in order to develop a passive immunity in other patients. Tofacitinib Therefore, this review aimed to point out the role of CP therapy in aforementioned viral infections and illustrate different factors influencing the efficacy of CP therapy.Although typically patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) have pulmonary symptoms atypical cases can occasionally present with extra-pulmonary symptoms. We report an interesting case of COVID-19 female patient presenting with combination of central nervous system disorder and acute myocardial infarct as initial manifestation. Multiorgan involvement in COVID-19 might lead to multiple atypical presentation which could be overlooked by the physician.Co-occurrence of cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) and phaeochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) are rare, although some cases have been reported. We report a case of left paraganglioma in a 20-year-old lady with an underlying CCHD who underwent palliative Glenn shunt, subsequently developed polycythaemia and cavernous sinus thrombosis presented with palpitation, sweating, headache and hypertension of 3-months duration at the age of 17. The abdominal CT scan revealed an enhancing left paraaortic mass measuring 5.2 cm x 4.4 cm x 3.8 cm. A 24-hour urine catecholamine demonstrated raised noradrenaline level to six times upper limit of normal and hence diagnosis of left sympathetic (sPGL) was made. In view of the delayed diagnosis and significant morbidity associated with her condition, surgical treatment is no longer an option. Therefore, vigilant screening and early treatment of PCC-PGL in patients with CCHD are crucial in order to avoid significant morbidity and ensure a good quality of life.
polypharmacy is a major concern for elderly patients, as it links to high morbidity related to drug interaction and adverse drug effects. Not much is known about profile of polypharmacy among elderly subjects visiting emergency department (ED) for acute conditions.

a cross sectional study conducted between July to December 2018 in ED of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta Indonesia. All elderly patients admitted to ED were included. We evaluated drug use pattern using ATC system along with the association between polypharmacy with sex, age and number of comorbidities.

475 geriatric patients visited EU 247 subjects were male (54.8%; mean age 67.69 (SD 6.58) years old). Polypharmacy was found in 57.6% subjects. The most frequently used of drug was that of alimentary tract and metabolism pharmacologic group, followed by drugs related to blood and blood forming organs, cardiovascular system, and anti-infectives for systemic use. Sex and age were not associated with polypharmacy, while more than 3 comorbidities was associated with polypharmacy.

polypharmacy is prevalent among elderly visiting ED in Indonesia, requiring special attention from clinician to evaluate each drug and interaction among the drugs used.
polypharmacy is prevalent among elderly visiting ED in Indonesia, requiring special attention from clinician to evaluate each drug and interaction among the drugs used.
HIV/AIDS is a chronic, lifelong disease with a wide clinical spectrum which could decrease the quality of life. Objective symptoms measurement is important because it is correlated to treatment adherence and progressivity of the disease. Currently, there is no clinical tool available to evaluate symptoms of HIV infection and the treatment's side effect for the outpatient setting. This study aimed is to assess the reliability of the Indonesian version of HIV Symptom Index for measuring symptoms of HIV/AIDS patients, and use it for assessment of their symptom profile.

this is a cross sectional study in outpatient HIV/AIDS subjects (n=87) recruited in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital's HIV clinic from September-November 2018. The HIV Symptom Index consisted of 20 items evaluating somatic, psychologic, and the combination of both symptoms, and its' language adaptation to Indonesian was done with Beaton and Guillemin method. Reliability of the Indonesian version of HIV Symptom Index was tested by alpha cronbach's a coefficient analysis, and the internal validity was tested with multitrait scaling analysis before being used to profile the symptom pattern of HIV/AIDS patients.
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