Notes

Heterosexual Transmitting regarding Subtype H HIV-1 Chooses Consensus-Like Alternatives with no Increased Replicative Ability as well as Interferon-α Opposition.
iratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from patients to healthcare workers. Personal protective equipment reduce the odds of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Specific aerosol-generating procedures are high risk for the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from patients to healthcare workers. Personal protective equipment reduce the odds of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
The value of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) biomarkers on the prognosis of HIV-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has been poorly explored in the combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) era.

We evaluated EBV DNA load and EBV antibodies in HIV-NHL patients enrolled in the French ANRS-CO16 Lymphovir Cohort between 2008 and 2015.

Whole blood and plasma EBV DNA load and serological profiles were analyzed in 76 HIV-infected patients at diagnosis of NHL and 6 months after the initiation of chemotherapy.

Prechemotherapy whole blood (WB) and plasma EBV DNA loads were positive for 80 and 45% of HIV-NHL patients, respectively. Pretreatment WB EBV DNA positivity was associated with a positive plasma HIV-1 RNA load (relative risk (RR), 4.42 [1.33; 14.72]) and plasma EBV DNA positivity with EBV in situ detection (RR 10.62 [2.38; 47.49]). Following chemotherapy, the proportions of patients with positive WB or plasma EBV DNA declined from 81 to 23% (P < 0.0001) and from 43 to 8% (P < 0.0001), respectively. Estimated 2-year progression-free survival did not differ according to prechemotherapy WB positivity (82% versus 67%, P = 0.15) or plasma EBV DNA positivity (76% versus 81%, P  = 0.52).

The plasma EBV DNA load correlates with in situ EBV detection. The WB EBV DNA load correlates with HIV load. WB and plasma EBV DNA loads at NHL diagnosis do not constitute prognostic markers for HIV-NHL patients in the modern cART era.
The plasma EBV DNA load correlates with in situ EBV detection. The WB EBV DNA load correlates with HIV load. WB and plasma EBV DNA loads at NHL diagnosis do not constitute prognostic markers for HIV-NHL patients in the modern cART era.
The goal of the study was to determine the effects of software updates on the trueness and precision of digital impressions obtained with a variety of intraoral scanner (IOS) systems.

Seven IOS systems were investigated. Each system was tested using two versions of software, with the second version being the latest at the time of conducting the study. Scans were performed on a custom mandibular typodont model with natural teeth that were either unrestored or restored with amalgam, composite, lithium disilicate, zirconia, and gold. Eight scans were obtained for each software version on any of the tested IOS systems. Experimental IOS scans were compared against an industry-standard master scan of the typodont obtained with an ATOS Capsule scanner proven to have a trueness of 3 µm and a precision of 2 µm. Isolation of each substrate material on the digital experimental and master scans was achieved using the Geomagic metrology software for subsequent analysis of the substrate influence on accuracy. A genera although it appears that these variations are within the clinical acceptability levels.
Software updates have a statistically significant effect on the trueness and precision of different IOS systems. These updates can have both positive and negative effects on scan accuracy, although it appears that these variations are within the clinical acceptability levels.
Some modifications of orthodontic appliances such as the rapid maxillary expansion (RME) device with a Hyrax screw or Herbst are fabricated using traditional investment casting (lost-wax casting). This is precise but very labor-intensive. New technologies enable us today to use direct selective laser sintering (SLS) to produce freeform metallic structures. These machines are very expensive and only available in specialized laboratories. The aim of this investigation was to combine fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing with wax-based filaments to produce orthodontic appliances via investment casting.

For demonstration purposes, a lingual arch, a palatal arch, and an RME appliance were digitally designed based on an intraoral scan. The *.stl files were sliced and printed with a dual-nozzle FFF printer. The object was printed with a wax-based filament especially suited for investment casting, and support structures were printed with water-soluble polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) filament. The printed objects were cast in metal and finished.

All appliances were successfully cast and polished. They were provisionally placed intraorally. The fit was clinically very good and comparable to traditionally crafted appliances. The printing and handling of the parts made of these special filaments is challenging.

With this experiment, the successful production of investment casting using FFF printing was shown for the first time.
With this experiment, the successful production of investment casting using FFF printing was shown for the first time.
To describe the step-by-step procedure of a novel surgical technique consisting of a combination of the laterally closed tunnel (LCT) and the modified coronally advanced tunnel (MCAT) (ie, LCT/MCAT), designed to treat multiple mandibular adjacent gingival recessions (MAGR) and to present the clinical outcomes obtained in 11 consecutively treated patients.

Eleven systemically and periodontally healthy patients (7 females, mean ± SD 33.62 ± 14.6 years, min. 19 years max. 67 years) with a total of 40 adjacent mandibular RT1 (ie, Miller Class 1 and 2) gingival recessions with a minimum depth ≥ 3 mm, were consecutively treated with LCT/MCAT, in conjunction with an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and subepithelial palatal connective tissue graft (SCTG). Treatment outcomes were assessed at baseline and at 12 months postoperatively. Prior to surgery and at 12 months postoperatively, recession depth (RD) and recession width (RW) were evaluated. The primary outcome variable was complete root coverage (CRC, ie 100% root coverage), the secondary outcome was mean root coverage (MRC).

Postoperative pain and discomfort were low and the healing was uneventful in all cases without any complications. At 12 months, statistically significant (P < .05) root coverage (RC) was obtained in all patients. CRC was obtained in five patients with a total of 21 recessions, while MRC measured 92.9% (ie, 3.75 mm). In seven patients (ie, 63.6%), RC amounted to > 93% while the minimum RC per patient measured 83.76%.

The results of the present case series suggest that the LCT/MCAT is a valuable technique for the treatment of mandibular RT1 MAGR.
The results of the present case series suggest that the LCT/MCAT is a valuable technique for the treatment of mandibular RT1 MAGR.
Bleaching sensitivity (BS) is the most common adverse effect of tooth bleaching treatments. This study evaluated the effect of adding 1% sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) on BS and the whitening effectiveness of a bleaching gel.

Two maxillary quadrants from 26 patients were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups in a split-mouth design. In the control group the at-home bleaching gel containing 3% hydrogen peroxide, and in the experimental quadrant the same gel with 1% SHMP, were applied in individual trays for 6 hours per night for 2 weeks. The patients' sensitivity to cold and touch as well as spontaneous sensitivity were recorded based on a visual analog scale (VAS). GC7 DNA inhibitor Changes in shade guide units (ΔSGU) and ΔE were measured using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and independent sample t test.

Twenty-four patients completed the study. After 2 weeks, the sensitivity to cold and touch was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control (P = .015 and P = .039, respectively). The spontaneous sensitivity revealed no significant alteration between these two groups and during the bleaching period in each group (P > .050). Regarding both color measurements, the bleaching effectiveness in both groups was comparable, with no noticeable difference (P > .050).

The application of 1% SHMP was able to reduce the BS with no detrimental effect on the at-home bleaching effectiveness. (Quintessence Int 2021;52596-605; doi 10.3290/j.qi.b1098303).
The application of 1% SHMP was able to reduce the BS with no detrimental effect on the at-home bleaching effectiveness. (Quintessence Int 2021;52596-605; doi 10.3290/j.qi.b1098303).
To examine whether a surgeons' position affects the axial angulation of dental implants placed freehand.

Implants' axial angulation was assessed on digital panoramic radiographs. An occlusal line was plotted based on the neighboring teeth/crowns. The mesial angle between the long axis of the implant and the occlusal line was measured. In addition, post-hoc ideal implant-positioning planning was done on the panoramic digital image, and the angle of the intersection between the long axis of the actual and post-hoc ideal implant was measured. Student t test for unpaired observations and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov nonparametric tests were utilized to compare the ipsi- and contralateral sides and between clinicians.

Seventy-seven patients (149 implants) were eligible for the study. Implants had slight mesial inclination (mean 97.7 ± 8.7 degrees) which was similar for both the ipsi- (98.2 ± 8.4 degrees) and contralateral sides (97.2 ± 9.1 degrees), P = .491. For the post-hoc planning versus actual placement comparison, the overall median (interquartile range) of implant angular deviation was minimal (-0.25 degrees [-2.98, +3.47]). This was true for both the ipsilateral (-0.5 degrees [-2.9, +2.9]) and contralateral (-0.2 [-4.2, +5.4]) sides, P = .55. For the actual versus post-hoc planning, most observations clustered around the midline (zero to minimal deviation), while for the implant to occlusal plane angle, a tendency towards slight mesial angulation was observed.

Dental implants placed freehand by experienced clinicians have only slight axial deviation as measured from post-hoc optimal position. Implants placed in ipsilateral and contralateral sides and by left- and right-dominant-hand clinicians had similar angulations.
Dental implants placed freehand by experienced clinicians have only slight axial deviation as measured from post-hoc optimal position. Implants placed in ipsilateral and contralateral sides and by left- and right-dominant-hand clinicians had similar angulations.
Bisphenol A exposure is crucial for lactating women and exclusively breastfed infants. Bisphenol A transfers directly by breastfeeding and may cause adverse health outcomes. We conduct this study to determine maternal human milk bisphenol A level and exclusively breastfed infants' bisphenol A exposure. We investigated the effect of exposure according to participants' nutritional habits.

We enrolled voluntarily, healthy postnatal, exclusively breastfeeding women (n=80) and collected hindmilk samples. Human milk-free bisphenol A concentration was analyzed using a competitive ELISA method. Free (unconjugated) BPA has been detected in human samples indicating that humans are internally exposed to estrogenically active BPA. Participants' demographic properties, nutritional habits were questioned with an elaborated survey face-to-face by the researcher.

Human milk median free bisphenol A level is 0.63 µg/L. There was no statistically significant association between maternal body mass index, birth type, parity, infant birth week, infant birth weight, and human milk bisphenol A concentration.
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