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Time-varying metasurfaces are emerging as a powerful instrument for the dynamical control of the electromagnetic properties of a propagating wave. Here we demonstrate an efficient time-varying metasurface based on plasmonic nano-antennas strongly coupled to an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) deeply subwavelength film. The plasmonic resonance of the metal resonators strongly interacts with the optical ENZ modes, providing a Rabi level spitting of ∼30%. Optical pumping at frequency ω induces a nonlinear polarization oscillating at 2ω responsible for an efficient generation of a phase conjugate and a negative refracted beam with a conversion efficiency that is more than 4 orders of magnitude greater compared to the bare ENZ film. Selleck Fasiglifam The introduction of a strongly coupled plasmonic system therefore provides a simple and effective route towards the implementation of ENZ physics at the nanoscale.Catalytic colloidal swimmers that propel due to self-generated fluid flows exhibit strong affinity for surfaces. Here, we report experimental measurements of a significant dependence of such microswimmers' speed on the nearby substrate material. We find that speeds scale with the solution contact angle θ on the substrate, which relates to the associated hydrodynamic substrate slip length, as V∝(cosθ+1)^-3/2. We show that such dependence can be attributed to osmotic coupling between swimmers and substrate. Our work points out that hydrodynamic slip at nearby walls, though often unconsidered, can significantly impact microswimmer self-propulsion.The process of e^+e^-→pp[over ¯] is studied at 22 center-of-mass energy points (sqrt[s]) from 2.00 to 3.08 GeV, exploiting 688.5  pb^-1 of data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider. The Born cross section (σ_pp[over ¯]) of e^+e^-→pp[over ¯] is measured with the energy-scan technique and it is found to be consistent with previously published data, but with much improved accuracy. In addition, the electromagnetic form-factor ratio (|G_E/G_M|) and the value of the effective (|G_eff|), electric (|G_E|), and magnetic (|G_M|) form factors are measured by studying the helicity angle of the proton at 16 center-of-mass energy points. |G_E/G_M| and |G_M| are determined with high accuracy, providing uncertainties comparable to data in the spacelike region, and |G_E| is measured for the first time. We reach unprecedented accuracy, and precision results in the timelike region provide information to improve our understanding of the proton inner structure and to test theoretical models which depend on nonperturbative quantum chromodynamics.We propose a new way to probe nonstandard interactions (NSI) of neutrinos with matter using the ultrahigh energy (UHE) neutrino data at current and future neutrino telescopes. We consider the Zee model of radiative neutrino mass generation as a prototype, which allows two charged scalars-one SU(2)_L doublet and one singlet, both being leptophilic, to be as light as 100 GeV, thereby inducing potentially observable NSI with electrons. We show that these light charged Zee scalars could give rise to a Glashow-like resonance feature in the UHE neutrino event spectrum at the IceCube neutrino observatory and its high-energy upgrade IceCube-Gen2, which can probe a sizable fraction of the allowed NSI parameter space.Buckling of mechanical structures results in bistable states with spatial separation, a feature desirable for sensing, shape configuration, and mechanical computation. Although different approaches have been developed to access buckling at microscopic scales, such as heating or prestressing beams, little attention has been paid so far to dynamically control all the parameters critical for the bifurcation-the compressive stress and the lateral force on the beam. Here, we develop an all-electrostatic architecture to control the compressive force, as well as the direction and amount of buckling, without significant heat generation on micro- or nanostructures. With this architecture, we demonstrated fundamental aspects of device function and dynamics. By applying voltages at any of the digital electronics standards, we have controlled the direction of buckling. Lateral deflections as large as 12% of the beam length were achieved. By modulating the compressive stress and lateral electrostatic force acting on the beam, we tuned the potential energy barrier between the postbifurcation stable states and characterized snap-through transitions between these states. The proposed architecture opens avenues for further studies in actuators, shape-shifting devices, thermodynamics of information, and dynamical chaos.Experiments have suggested that bacterial mechanosensitive channels separate into 2D clusters, the role of which is unclear. By developing a coarse-grained computer model we find that clustering promotes the channel closure, which is highly dependent on the channel concentration and membrane stress. This behaviour yields a tightly regulated gating system, whereby at high tensions channels gate individually, and at lower tensions the channels spontaneously aggregate and inactivate. We implement this positive feedback into the model for cell volume regulation, and find that the channel clustering protects the cell against excessive loss of cytoplasmic content.We investigate the spatial and doping evolutions of the superconducting properties of trilayer cuprate Bi_2Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_10+δ by using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Both the superconducting coherence peak and gap size exhibit periodic variations with structural supermodulation, but the effect is much more pronounced in the underdoped regime than at optimal doping. Moreover, a new type of tunneling spectrum characterized by two superconducting gaps emerges with increasing doping, and the two-gap features also correlate with the supermodulation. We propose that the interaction between the inequivalent outer and inner CuO_2 planes is responsible for these novel features that are unique to trilayer cuprates.The discrepancy between the Hubble parameter inferred from local measurements and that from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) has motivated careful scrutiny of the assumptions that enter both analyses. Here we point out that the location of the recombination peak in the CMB B-mode power spectrum is determined by the light horizon at the surface of last scatter and thus provides an alternative early-Universe standard ruler. It can thus be used as a cross-check for the standard ruler inferred from the acoustic peaks in the CMB temperature power spectrum and to test various explanations for the Hubble tension. The measurement can potentially be carried out with a precision of ≲2% with stage-IV B-mode experiments. The measurement can also be used to measure the propagation speed of gravitational waves in the early Universe.The presence of clusterlike narrow resonances in the vicinity of reaction or decay thresholds is a ubiquitous phenomenon with profound consequences. We argue that the continuum coupling, present in the open quantum system description of the atomic nucleus, can profoundly impact the nature of near-threshold states. In this Letter, we discuss the structure of the recently observed near-threshold resonance in ^11B, whose very existence explains the puzzling beta-delayed proton emission of the neutron-rich ^11Be.The study of nucleation in fluid mixtures exposes challenges beyond those of pure systems. A striking example is homogeneous condensation in highly surface-active water-alcohol mixtures, where classical nucleation theory yields an unphysical, negative number of water molecules in the critical embryo. This flaw has rendered multicomponent nucleation theory useless for many industrial and scientific applications. Here, we show that this inconsistency is removed by properly incorporating the curvature dependence of the surface tension of the mixture into classical nucleation theory for multicomponent systems. The Gibbs adsorption equation is used to explain the origin of the inconsistency by linking the molecules adsorbed at the interface to the curvature corrections of the surface tension. The Tolman length and rigidity constant are determined for several water-alcohol mixtures and used to show that the corrected theory is free of physical inconsistencies and provides accurate predictions of the nucleation rates. In particular, for the ethanol-water and propanol-water mixtures, the average error in the predicted nucleation rates is reduced from 11-15 orders of magnitude to below 1.5. The curvature-corrected nucleation theory opens the door to reliable predictions of nucleation rates in multicomponent systems, which are crucial for applications ranging from atmospheric science to research on volcanos.Rare kaon decays are excellent probes of light, new weakly coupled particles. If such particles X couple preferentially to muons, they can be produced in K→μνX decays. We evaluate the future sensitivity for this process at NA62 assuming X decays either invisibly or to dimuons. Our main physics target is the parameter space that resolves the (g-2)_μ anomaly, where X is a gauged L_μ-L_τ vector or a muonphilic scalar. The same parameter space can also accommodate dark matter freeze-out or reduce the tension between cosmological and local measurements of H_0 if the new force decays to dark matter or neutrinos, respectively. We show that for invisible X decays, a dedicated single muon trigger analysis at NA62 could probe much of the remaining (g-2)_μ favored parameter space. Alternatively, if X decays to muons, NA62 can perform a dimuon resonance search in K→3μν events and greatly improve existing coverage for this process. Independently of its sensitivity to new particles, we find that NA62 is also sensitive to the standard model predicted rate for K→3μν, which has never been measured.Recurrent neural networks (RNN) are powerful tools to explain how attractors may emerge from noisy, high-dimensional dynamics. We study here how to learn the ∼N^2 pairwise interactions in a RNN with N neurons to embed L manifolds of dimension D≪N. We show that the capacity, i.e., the maximal ratio L/N, decreases as |logε|^-D, where ε is the error on the position encoded by the neural activity along each manifold. Hence, RNN are flexible memory devices capable of storing a large number of manifolds at high spatial resolution. Our results rely on a combination of analytical tools from statistical mechanics and random matrix theory, extending Gardner's classical theory of learning to the case of patterns with strong spatial correlations.We study the quantum Fisher information (QFI) and, thus, the multipartite entanglement structure of thermal pure states in the context of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). In both the canonical ensemble and the ETH, the quantum Fisher information may be explicitly calculated from the response functions. In the case of the ETH, we find that the expression of the QFI bounds the corresponding canonical expression from above. This implies that although average values and fluctuations of local observables are indistinguishable from their canonical counterpart, the entanglement structure of the state is starkly different; with the difference amplified, e.g., in the proximity of a thermal phase transition. We also provide a state-of-the-art numerical example of a situation where the quantum Fisher information in a quantum many-body system is extensive while the corresponding quantity in the canonical ensemble vanishes. Our findings have direct relevance for the entanglement structure in the asymptotic states of quenched many-body dynamics.
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