Notes

Dimension primarily based performance regarding photophoretic swimmers.
These findings illuminate the substantial interaction between financial incentives and social influences, suggesting ways to use social forces to improve incentive programs of household waste separation.While cleaning wastewater, biological wastewater treatment processes such as membrane bioreactors (MBR) produce a significant amount of sludge that requires costly management. In the oxic-settling-anoxic (OSA) process, sludge is retained for a temporary period in side-stream reactors with low oxygen and substrate, and then it is recirculated to the main reactor. In this way, excess sludge production is reduced. We studied the influence of the rate of sludge exchange between MBR and side-stream anoxic reactors on sludge yield reduction within MBR. Two MBRs, namely, MBROSA and MBRcontrol, each coupled with separate external anoxic side-stream reactors, were run in parallel for 350 days. Unlike MBRcontrol, MBROSA had sludge exchange with the external reactors connected to it. During the investigation over a sludge interchange rate (SIR) range of 0-22%, an SIR of 11% achieved the highest sludge reduction (58%). Greater volatile solids destruction i.e., bacterial cell lysis and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) destruction occurred at the SIR of 11%, which helped to achieve the highest sludge reduction. The enhanced volatile solids destruction was evident by the release of nutrients in the external anoxic reactors. It was confirmed that the sludge yield reduction was achieved without compromising the wastewater treatment quality, sludge settleability and hydraulic performance of the membrane in MBR.
This study compares the image and diagnostic qualities of a DEep Learning Trained Algorithm (DELTA) for half-dose contrast-enhanced liver computed tomography (CT) with those of a commercial hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) method used for standard-dose CT (SDCT).

This study enrolled 207 adults, and they were divided into two groups SDCT and low-dose CT (LDCT). SDCT was reconstructed using the HIR method (SDCT
), and LDCT was reconstructed using both the HIR method (LDCT
) and DELTA (LDCT
). Noise, Hounsfield unit (HU) values, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were compared between three image series. Two radiologists assessed the noise, artefacts, overall image quality, visualisation of critical anatomical structures and lesion detection, characterisation and visualisation.

The mean effective doses were 5.64 ± 1.96 mSv for SDCT and 2.87 ± 0.87 mSv for LDCT. The noise of LDCT
was significantly lower than that of SDCT
and LDCT
. The SNR and CNR of LDCT
were significantly higher than those of the other two groups. The overall image quality, visualisation of anatomical structures and lesion visualisation between LDCT
and SDCT
were not significantly different. For lesion detection, the sensitivities and specificities of SDCT
vs. LDCT
were 81.9 % vs. 83.7 % and 89.1 % vs. 86.3 %, respectively, on a per-patient basis. SDCT
showed 75.4 % sensitivity and 82.6 % specificity for lesion characterisation on a per-patient basis, whereas LDCT
showed 73.5 % sensitivity and 82.4 % specificity.

LDCT with DELTA had approximately 49 % dose reduction compared with SDCT with HIR while maintaining image quality on contrast-enhanced liver CT.
LDCT with DELTA had approximately 49 % dose reduction compared with SDCT with HIR while maintaining image quality on contrast-enhanced liver CT.
Previous studies have indicated an increased risk of prostate carcinoma (PCa) associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Prostate MRI of IBD patients could be expected to show a mixture of inflammation as well as higher than normal rates of PCa, which could impact interpretation and MRI performance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of prostate MRI in patients with IBD.

3140 patients with prostate MRI were evaluated. Coexisting IBD, PI-RADS score, and pathological results of prostate lesions (clinically significant PCa [csPCa] Gleason score [GS] 7+, Non-csPCa benign or GS 6) were assessed. The distribution of PI-RADS scoring and pathological result was assessed by chi-square test.

71 patients had IBD (IBD group), whereas the remaining 3069 patients did not (Non-IBD group). The proportion of abnormal MRI (PI-RADS 3, 4 or 5) was 51 % (36/71) in IBD group and 47 % (1436/3069) in Non-IBD groups (p = 0.513). Total of 1285 patients underwent biopsy or prostatectomy. The proportion of csPCa at pathology was 35 % (12/34) in IBD group and 56 % (699/1251) in non-IBD groups (p = 0.017). The positive predictive value of abnormal MRI for csPCa was significantly lower in IBD group (39 %, 19/31) compared to Non-IBD group (63 %, 657/1047) (p = 0.007).

The proportion of csPCa at pathology and positive predictive value of abnormal MR for csPCa were lower in patients with IBD group compared to Non-IBD group.
The proportion of csPCa at pathology and positive predictive value of abnormal MR for csPCa were lower in patients with IBD group compared to Non-IBD group.
Early detection of potential depression among elderly people is conducive for timely preventive intervention and clinical care to improve quality of life. Therefore, depression prediction considering sequential progression patterns in elderly needs to be further explored.

We selected 1,538 elderly people from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study (CLHLS) wave 3-7 survey. Long short-term memory (LSTM) and six machine learning (ML) models were used to predict different depression risk factors and the depression risks in the elderly population in the next two years. Receiver operating curve (ROC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the reference model and ML models.

The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of logistic regression with lasso regularisation (AUC=0.629, p-value=0.020) was the highest among ML models. DCA results showed that the net benefit of six ML models was similar (threshold 0.00-0.10), the net benefit of lasso regression was the largest (threshold 0.10-0.17 and 0.22-0.25), and the net benefit of DNN was the largest (threshold 0.17-0.22 and 0.25-0.40). In two ML models, activities of daily living (ADL)/ instrumental ADL (IADL), self-rated health, marital status, arthritis, and number of cohabiting were the most important predictors for elderly with depression.

The retrospective waves used in the LSTM model need to be further increased.

The decision support system based on the proposed LSTM+ML model may be very valuable for doctors, nurses and community medical providers for early diagnosis and intervention.
The decision support system based on the proposed LSTM+ML model may be very valuable for doctors, nurses and community medical providers for early diagnosis and intervention.
Little is known about long-term outcomes of reading problems in childhood on affective symptoms across the life course. The aim of this research was to test longitudinal associations between reading problems in childhood and affective symptoms from adolescence to early old age.

Data were from the National Survey of Health and Development (British 1946 birth cohort). A measure of reading problems was available at age 11. Affective symptoms were assessed at ages 13, 15, 35, 43, 53, 60-64 and 69. Path analyses tested longitudinal associations between reading problems and affective symptoms from adolescence to early old age. Linear regressions tested associations between reading problems in childhood and accumulation of affective symptoms across the life course (age 13 to 69). Models were adjusted for sex, education, conduct problems, and socioeconomic position in childhood and adulthood.

After full adjustment, reading problems were significantly associated with higher affective symptoms in adolescence (ages 13 and 15) but not affective symptoms in adulthood (ages 36, 43, 53, 60-64, and 69). Reading problems were not associated with accumulation of affective symptoms across the life course.

Attrition was limitation of this study, due to the long follow-up period. In order to account for missing data, full information maximum likelihood (FIML) was used.

Childhood reading problems are associated with higher affective symptoms in adolescence, but this does not persist into adulthood. These results highlight an important period in adolescence when reading problems may exert a particularly strong effect on affective symptoms.
Childhood reading problems are associated with higher affective symptoms in adolescence, but this does not persist into adulthood. These results highlight an important period in adolescence when reading problems may exert a particularly strong effect on affective symptoms.
Low mood and anhedonia are the core symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, there is no established visual analogue scale that measures pervasiveness of both symptoms. We aimed to validate the Maudsley 3-item Visual Analogue Scale (M3VAS) as a measure of core depressive symptoms and suicidality.

This is a cross-sectional secondary analysis combining data from two randomised controlled trials covering a broad range of depression severity from euthymia to severe depression. LY3295668 datasheet We validated the M3VAS by testing 1) latent construct domains using factor analysis; 2) internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha; and 3) convergent validity by correlating M3VAS scores against scores on the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-16 item (QIDS-SR-16), which is validated for use in clinical trials.

Of 180 patients in the combined cohort, 177 (98.3%) provided complete data on the M3VAS and QIDS-SR-16. The mean (SD) age was 41.6 (13.0) years and 59.3% were female. Using factor analysis, one eigenvalue above 1 was produced (2.39) that explained 79.6% of the variance, indicating a one-factor model. Cronbach's alpha was 0.87, demonstrating good internal consistency. Total M3VAS scores correlated strongly (r=0.72, p<0.001) with QIDS-SR-16 scores, indicating good convergent validity.

This was a cross-sectional study and was not validated against a clinician-rated assessment for depression.

The M3VAS is a simple, valid instrument for the assessment of core depressive symptoms and suicidality across the depression spectrum. Future studies should test the longitudinal validity of the M3VAS in detecting changes in core depressive symptoms and suicidality over time.
The M3VAS is a simple, valid instrument for the assessment of core depressive symptoms and suicidality across the depression spectrum. Future studies should test the longitudinal validity of the M3VAS in detecting changes in core depressive symptoms and suicidality over time.
Although previous studies have shown that childhood sexual abuse (CSA) experiences might be related to suicide-related thoughts and behaviours in later life, the effects of alexithymia and experiential avoidance (EA) on this relationship have remained unclear. The present study aimed to expand prior findings among Chinese college students with a history of CSA in order to further test the effects of alexithymia on the relationship between CSA and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation (SI), and its indirect effects on NSSI and SI through EA.

The Childhood Sexual Abuse Questionnaire, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Questionnaire, and the Symptom Checklist were completed by 6,834 college students (3,829 female).

Overall, 1404 (20.76%) Chinese college students reported experiences of CSA; students with CSA experiences reported higher rates of SI and NSSI than those without CSA (12.82% vs. 4.50%, 35.11% vs. 20.82%). CSA, alexithymia, and EA were positively related to NSSI and SI.
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