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COVID-19 Lockdown Elevated the chance of Preterm Birth.
s inhabiting shallow-water sand. Surprisingly, sulfur oxidation genes were upregulated under anoxic relative to oxic conditions. Furthermore, under anoxia, the ectosymbiont appeared to be less stressed and to proliferate more. We propose that animal-mediated access to oxygen, rather than enhancing sulfur oxidation, would facilitate assimilation of carbon and nitrogen by the ectosymbiont.The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family of genes encode transcription factors that play key roles in plant growth and development. In this study, a total of 92 HvbZIP genes were identified and compared with previous studies using recently released barley genome data. Two novel genes were characterized in this study, and some misannotated and duplicated genes from previous studies have been corrected. Phylogenetic analysis results showed that 92 HvbZIP genes were classified into 10 groups and three unknown groups. The gene structure and motif distribution of the three unknown groups implied that the genes of the three groups may be functionally different. Expression profiling indicated that the HvbZIP genes exhibited different patterns of spatial and temporal expression. Using qRT-PCR, more than 10 HvbZIP genes were identified with expression patterns similar to those of starch synthase genes in barley. Yeast one-hybrid analysis revealed that two of the HvbZIP genes exhibited in vitro binding activity to the promoter of HvAGP-S. The two HvbZIP genes may be candidate genes for further study to explore the mechanism by which they regulate the synthesis of barley starch.Introduction Advances in the treatment of osteosarcoma (OS) came in the mid-1970s, when adding chemotherapy to surgery significantly improved patient survival. OS outcomes have since plateaued, however, despite exhaustive clinical investigations.Area covered This review focuses on the most significant recent results of trials (in phases II and III) on localized and metastatic/relapsing OS and offers an overview of new targeted drugs.Expert opinion Recent findings confirm the MAP (methotrexate, doxorubicin, and cisplatin) regimen as the gold standard for OS patients, also in metastatic cases, and the inefficacy of augmenting or modifying chemotherapy in poor responder patients. Immunotherapy and several tyrosine kinase inhibitors seem to be effective and promising in the treatment of OS. Optimizing the use of active drugs available by personalizing chemotherapies might prove important in the future. We urgently need bench-to-bedside research on OS. This will need to involve the extensive sequencing and immunoprofiling of all resected tumor tissue to find new therapeutic agents, especially for relapsing/metastatic patients. The low incidence of OS, its genomic complexity, and differences within and between tumors combine to complicate efforts to elucidate the biology of this disease. Guanosine 5'-triphosphate This means that we need to pool the resources of different groups studying OS and support translational research.Young children spend more than 90% of their time in the household environment-a likely place of exposure to hazardous substances. In the developing world, childhood diarrheal disease and acute lower respiratory infections represent a large portion of the global burden of disease and are strongly related to housing conditions. In the developed world, allergies and asthma are also strongly linked to housing conditions. Therefore, intervention to improve housing is essential to improve and maintain children's health. This paper will review several factors that have been shown to mediate housing and health relations, including psychosocial, environmental, socioeconomic, behavior-cultural, and physiological factors, and will provide examples of intervention to improve child health, with housing as a focus. Environmental contaminants found in the household include biological (for example, vector-borne diseases, dustmites, mold, water and sanitation-related), chemical (for example, lead, volatile organic compounds, intersectoral interventions and strategies to improve child health globally, with housing and health as a focus, include integrated pest-management programs to control vector-borne diseases like malaria and Chagas disease and energyefficiency programs to improve thermal comfort and to reduce the presence of allergens like mold and dustmites. Other interventions include housing and health policy, regulation and standard setting, education, training, and participation.The goal of this paper is to compile recent data on the housing and health in old age, with special emphasis on geropsychological and gerontological studies. The authors first introduce their understanding of both housing and health. Second, theoretical models that are important to understand better the relation between housing- and health-related outcomes are incorporated into an analytic scheme. Third, data on objective and subjective aspects of housing in old age in relation to healthrelated outcomes are presented. Among the objective functional housing aspects are healthrelevant micro-environmental indicators like housing hazards and amenities, retrofitting and assistive devices, as well as meso- and macroenvironmental indicators like housing type, neighborhood conditions, or urban-rural differences. Relocation is a classic field in environmental gerontology in which drastic environmental change has been linked to health outcomes. Among subjective housing aspects are residential satisfaction, housing-related control beliefs, and meaning of home. Direct health-related outcomes, such as physical and mental diseases and functional limitations, as well as indirect health-related outcomes like satisfaction or well-being receive attention. We conclude with a discussion addressing the environment and health dynamics of aging in the future.The self-reported prevalence of asthma in the United States increased by 75% from 1980 to 1994, a trend found to be significant and evident in every region of the country. The increase was most marked in children from birth to 14 years of age; and growing evidence indicates that, as with lead poisoning, inner-city and urban populations are most at risk. Attention has turned to the role of indoor environmental risk factors, especially in homes and schools. Such factors include moisture and mold growth, pest infestation, dust mites, the building envelope, heating systems, inadequate Ventilation, nitrogen dioxide, and environmental tobacco smoke. The Healthy Public Housing Initiative (HPHI) is a Boston-based communitycentered research and intervention project designed to engage Boston Housing Authority residents in a collaborative process to improve respiratory health, quality of life, building conditions, and building maintenance in public housing. This article summarizes the significant research findings from four pilot studies in housing developments that laid the foundation for the larger HPHI asthma-related environmental intervention study.
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