Notes

Person attitude alter and societal characteristics: Computational studies along with mental theories.
High density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) as applied in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is largely limited to continuous wave (CW) data. Using a single modulation frequency, frequency domain (FD) HD-DOT has recently demonstrated better localization of focal activation as compared to CW data. We show that combining CW and FD measurements and multiple modulation frequencies increases imaging performance in fNIRS.

We evaluate the benefits of multiple modulation frequencies, combining different frequencies as well as CW data in fNIRS HD-DOT.

A layered model was used, with activation occurring within a cortex layer. CW and FD measurements were simulated at 78, 141, and 203MHz with and without noise. The localization error, full width half maximum, and effective resolution were evaluated.

Across the average of the three metrics, at 141MHz, FD performed 8.4% better than CW, and the combination of CW and FD was 21.7% better than CW. FD measurements at 203MHz performed 5% better than 78MHz. Moreover, the three combined modulation frequencies of FD and CW performed up to 3.92% better than 141MHz alone.

We show that combining CW and FD measurements offers better performance than FD alone, with higher modulation frequencies increasing accuracy. Combining CW and FD measurements at multiple modulation frequencies yields the best overall performance.
We show that combining CW and FD measurements offers better performance than FD alone, with higher modulation frequencies increasing accuracy. Combining CW and FD measurements at multiple modulation frequencies yields the best overall performance.
Swallowing is a unique movement due to the indispensable orchestration of voluntary and involuntary movements. The transition from voluntary to involuntary swallowing is executed within milliseconds. We hypothesized that the underlying neural mechanism of swallowing would be revealed by high-frequency cortical activities.

Eight epileptic participants fitted with intracranial electrodes over the orofacial cortex were asked to swallow a water bolus and cortical oscillatory changes, including the high γ band (75-150Hz) and β band (13-30Hz), were investigated at the time of mouth opening, water injection, and swallowing.

Increases in high γ power associated with mouth opening were observed in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) with water injection in the lateral central sulcus and with swallowing in the region along the Sylvian fissure. Mouth opening induced a decrease in β power, which continued until the completion of swallowing. The high γ burst of activity was focal and specific to swallowing; however, the β activities were extensive and not specific to swallowing. In the interim between voluntary and involuntary swallowing, swallowing-related high γ power achieved its peak, and subsequently, the power decreased.

We demonstrated three distinct activities related to mouth opening, water injection, and swallowing induced at different timings using high γ activities. The peak of high γ power related to swallowing suggests that during voluntary swallowing phases, the cortex is the main driving force for swallowing as opposed to the brain stem.
We demonstrated three distinct activities related to mouth opening, water injection, and swallowing induced at different timings using high γ activities. The peak of high γ power related to swallowing suggests that during voluntary swallowing phases, the cortex is the main driving force for swallowing as opposed to the brain stem.Human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as a major cause of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) in Western countries. Less is known regarding its contribution to the OPC occurring in Asia. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/5-chloro-2-deoxyuridine.html The current study aimed to investigate the association between antibody responses to HPV16 E7 and head and neck cancer (HNC) risk in a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Taiwan with 693 HNC cases and 1,035 controls. A positive association was observed between seropositivity to HPV16 E7 and OPC risk, whereas no significant association was found in the non-OPC cases. The increased OPC risk associated with seropositivity to HPV16 E7 was more significant among nonbetel quid or noncigarette users. Seropositivity to HPV16 E7 showed moderate agreement with P16 expression in OPC. OPC patients that were seropositive to HPV16 E7 or p16 positive were more highly educated and less likely to use alcohol, betel quids, and cigarettes compared to HPV16 E7 seronegative or p16 negative OPC patients. Furthermore, patients with p16 positive OPC were more likely to be women compared to patients with p16 negative OPC, likely owing to the low prevalence of alcohol, betel quid, and cigarette users among women. Overall, this study suggested that similar to Western countries, HPV may also be an important risk factor of OPC in Taiwan. With the declining consumption of betel quids and cigarettes in Taiwan, a higher percentage of OPC cases in Taiwan will be attributed to HPV in the future. Public health measures, including HPV vaccination, need to be implemented to prevent the occurrence of HPV-positive OPC.
This study investigated the association between subjective well-being and perception for collaboration among clinical departments of adult Marfan syndrome (MFS) patients.

We performed a self-administered questionnaire survey to ask about current medical treatment and support systems and subjective well-being for 114 patients with MFS aged 18-64years. It was hypothesized that patients' perception of collaboration between clinical departments would raise their subjective well-being. Mean value differences were predicted by a multiple regression analysis model, with supportive medical staff, age, sex, aorta dissection, family history, marriage status, and educational background adjusted.

Patients' perception of collaboration between clinical departments and being married raised SWLS scores (mean difference for patients' perception of collaboration versus not=3.41, 95% CI=0.28, 6.53, p=.03; for married versus single=5.22, 95% CI=1.75, 8.69, p=.003).

Our results have suggested that it is necessary to maintain and enhance the medical treatment system with the patients for improving the subjective well-being of MFS patients.
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