Notes

Structure-based personal verification associated with important Mycobacterium tuberculosis enzymes AspS and also KatG regarding potential inhibitors.
As of the last available NIH report, people of color (POC) constituted 28.1% of enrollment across all U.S. domestic clinical trials. The literature on prevalence rates of depression among POC is mixed. While the prevalence rates of depression may vary across POC, it remains unknown to what degree POC have been included in outcome clinical trials of depression since NIH's mandates for inclusion of minorities in clinical outcome research. Following PRISMA guidelines, the present review identified randomized controlled trials of behavioral activation from 1989 to 2021 using the following search engines PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We reviewed 5,247 articles and included 28 articles that met full inclusion criteria (n = 5,169 participants). Across studies included in this review, 70% were non-Latinx White, 14.1% were African American, 8.9% were Latinx, 0.5% were Asian, 2.9% were other, and 3.7% were unknown. Results indicated an increase in representation of ethnoracial inclusion rates across time and that recruitment method was not associated with adequate inclusion of POC. However, the university setting was associated with inadequate representation of POC.A pilot parallel randomized controlled trial compared a self-acceptance, non-weight-loss intervention, Accept Yourself! (AY), to a weight loss program, Weight Watchers (WW), in order to provide preliminary safety, feasibility, and efficacy data in preparation for a definitive RCT of AY as an intervention to enhance the mental and physical health of larger-bodied women with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Adult women with MDD and a Body Mass Index ≥30 were eligible. Nineteen women were randomized by random number table into AY (n = 9) or WW (n = 10). Intake, pretreatment, posttreatment, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up assessments occurred at a rural academic medical center. Primary outcomes included depression severity and cardiovascular fitness. Chi-square and t-tests assessed attrition and participant preferences for treatment; other analyses used intention-to-treat, linear mixed-effects models for repeated measures, including all participants' available data. Both groups improved in self-reported, F(5, 43.81) = 7.45, p  less then  .001, partial η2 = .38, and blinded-clinician-rated depression, F(6, 62.03) = 10.41, p  less then  .001, partial η2 = .5. AY was superior to WW in self-reported depression, F(5, 43.81) = 2.72, p = .03, partial η2 = .11. Neither group improved in fitness. Eating disorder symptoms and weight gain worsened in WW. AY appeared safe, feasible, and offered initial evidence of efficacy for depression; it should be investigated in a definitive RCT, with modifications to increase potency. WW may not be suitable as a comparator intervention for AY because of risk to participants.Prominent theories within the field of implementation science contend that organizational leaders can improve providers' fidelity to evidence-based practices (EBPs) by using focused implementation leadership behaviors that create an organizational climate for EBP implementation. However, this work has been criticized for overreliance on nonspecific, self-report fidelity measures and poor articulation of the boundary conditions that may attenuate leadership and climate's influence. This study tests the predictions of EBP implementation leadership and climate theory on observed fidelity to three school-based EBPs for autism that vary in complexity pivotal response training (PRT), discrete trial training (DTT), and visual schedules (VS). Educators in kindergarten to third-grade autism support classrooms in 65 schools assessed their principals' EBP implementation leadership and school EBP implementation climate prior to the school year. Mid-school year, trained observers rated educator fidelity to all three interventions. Expert raters confirmed PRT was significantly more complex than DTT or VS using the Intervention Complexity Assessment Tool for Systematic Reviews. Linear regression analyses at the school level indicated principals' increased frequency of EBP implementation leadership predicted a higher school EBP implementation climate, which in turn predicted higher educator fidelity to PRT-however, there was no evidence of a relationship between implementation climate and fidelity to DTT or VS. Comparing principals whose EBP implementation leadership was ±1 SD from the mean, there was a significant indirect association of EBP implementation leadership with PRT fidelity through EBP implementation climate (d = 0.49, 95% CI [0.04, 0.93]). Strategies that target EBP implementation leadership and climate may support fidelity to complex behavioral interventions.Sleep disturbances are common among family caregivers of people with dementia (PWD). Although behavioral activation (BA) shows the potential to improve sleep quality, to date, evidence for this treatment's feasibility and efficacy for family caregivers of PWD is limited. Therefore, this study pilot tested an evidence-based BA protocol for improving sleep quality in Chinese family caregivers of PWD. The BA intervention involved eight weekly individual telephone-based sessions designed to teach caregivers specific BA techniques. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cynarin.html Sleep quality and depression were measured using the Chinese versions of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale, respectively. This study also measured leisure activity, positive aspect of caregiving, caregiving burden, health status, and relationship satisfaction. All participants were asked to complete the assessments on paper at baseline and immediately after the intervention. After completing the pilot randomized controlled trial, semistructured interviews were conducted to explore participants' experiences participating in the BA intervention. A total of 71 family caregivers of PWD (35 in the intervention group and 36 in the control group) were recruited. The majority of participants were female (n = 53, 74.65%), and their mean age was 54.07 years (SD = 10.95). Compared with controls, caregivers in the intervention group displayed significantly greater improvement in sleep quality, as well as perceptions of positive aspects of caregiving and reduction of depression. Most participants were very satisfied with the intervention. These findings suggest that individual telephone-based BA interventions are feasible, acceptable, and effective in improving sleep quality and psychological health in family caregivers of PWD. These results contribute to the literature by providing evidence for developing effective, accessible, and sustainable BA interventions for family caregivers of PWD.Transgender and gender-expansive (TGE) people, including transgender and nonbinary individuals, experience elevated rates of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating compared to cisgender individuals, but little is known about why. To address this research gap, we compared the ability of TGE-specific factors as proposed in the gender minority stress and resilience (GMSR) model, general psychological factors contained in the tripartite influence (TI) model, and an integration of these frameworks to explain body dissatisfaction and disordered eating among TGE individuals. Regression analyses were conducted to test the models' abilities to explain experiences reported in a survey of 93 U.S. TGE adults, including 43 transgender women respondents (46.2%) and 31 transgender men respondents (33.3%). Participants were diverse with regard to age (M = 34.19, SD = 12.02) and ethnoracial background (e.g., 29.0% Hispanic/Latinx, 17.2% Black/African American, 6.5% American Indian/Alaska Native; 5.4% multiracial). Results demonstrated both models' abilities to explain body dissatisfaction and disordered eating independently, except for the relationship between body dissatisfaction and the thinness-oriented TI model. An integration of the models better explained body dissatisfaction and disordered eating compared to either model alone. Notably, some findings did not align with the two frameworks, suggesting existing models may not adequately describe pathways through which disordered eating emerges in TGE populations. Specifically, body dissatisfaction showed no significant relationship with disordered eating and was not well explained by the TI model, and higher gender identity pride was related to greater disordered eating symptoms. Implications for clinical care and future research are discussed.Latinxs represent the largest ethnoracial minority population in the United States. Despite having significant rates of depression, Latinxs underutilize behavioral health services. This, combined with the association between gender and depression (women have higher rates of depression than men), underscores the importance of developing an improved understanding of how Latinas view behavioral activation (BA), an empirically supported treatment for depression. In this mixed methods study, participants consisted of 77 Latinas; participants were provided with a vignette depicting a fictional character that underwent BA for depression. Participants in the quantitative study completed a measure of treatment acceptability of BA (n = 60); participants in the qualitative study completed a semistructured interview assessing their views on BA (n = 17). Latinas had generally positive attitudes about BA, although they also identified some elements that they perceived might act as barriers to treatment success. Because we were interested in the interplay of cultural factors and treatment acceptability, we also examined enculturation and acculturation as predictors of treatment acceptability-enculturation only was a significant predictor treatment acceptability. Our sample was relatively small, social desirability may have influenced our responses, and it is not known to what extent our results generalize to Latinx men. Latina women find BA to be an acceptable treatment for depression, which suggests promise with regard to clinical outcomes for depressed Latinas receiving BA. Addressing potential barriers to treatment engagement may improve outcomes for depressed Latinas receiving BA.Clinical perfectionism contributes to the onset and maintenance of multiple psychological concerns. We conducted a randomized, longitudinal test of the efficacy of a web-based intervention for perfectionism (specifically, cognitive bias modification, interpretation retraining; CBM-I), compared to an active treatment comparison condition (specifically, guided visualization relaxation training) for reducing perfectionism and related psychopathology. College students (N = 167) with elevated perfectionism were randomized to one of the two study conditions and were asked to complete their assigned intervention twice weekly for 4 weeks. Participants completed measures of perfectionism and psychological symptoms at baseline, 2 weeks (midway through the intervention period), 4 weeks (at the conclusion of the intervention period), and 8 weeks (1 month follow-up). CBM-I was rated as acceptable overall, though relaxation training was rated slightly more favorably. CBM-I outperformed relaxation training on improving perfectionism-relevant interpretation biases (i.
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