Notes

Enantioseparation associated with Mandelic Acid solution Enantiomers Along with Magnetic Nano-Sorbent Altered by a Chiral Selector.
We show that VSS successfully stabilizes variance and that doing so improves downstream applications such as SAGA. VSS will eliminate the need for downstream methods to implement complex mean-variance relationship models, and will enable genomic signals to be easily understood by eye.

https//github.com/faezeh-bayat/VSS.

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
High-throughput experiments are generating ever increasing amounts of various -omics data, so shedding new light on the link between human disorders, their genetic causes, and the related impact on protein behavior and structure. While numerous bioinformatics tools now exist that predict which variants in the human exome cause diseases, few tools predict the reasons why they might do so. Yet, understanding the impact of variants at the molecular level is a prerequisite for the rational development of targeted drugs or personalized therapies.

We present the updated MutaFrame webserver, which aims to meet this need. It offers two deleteriousness prediction softwares, DEOGEN2 and SNPMuSiC, and is designed for bioinformaticians and medical researchers who want to gain insights into the origins of monogenic diseases. It contains information at two levels for each human protein its amino acid sequence and its 3-dimensional structure; we used the experimental structures whenever available, and modeled structures otherwise. MutaFrame also includes higher-level information, such as protein essentiality and protein-protein interactions. It has a user-friendly interface for the interpretation of results and a convenient visualization system for protein structures, in which the variant positions introduced by the user and other structural information are shown. In this way, MutaFrame aids our understanding of the pathogenic processes caused by single-site mutations and their molecular and contextual interpretation.

Mutaframe webserver at http//mutaframe.com/.

Supplementary data is available at Bioinformatics online.
Supplementary data is available at Bioinformatics online.
Recent developments of spatial transcriptomic sequencing technologies provide powerful tools for understanding cells in the physical context of tissue microenvironments. A fundamental task in spatial gene expression analysis is to identify genes with spatially variable expression patterns, or spatially variable genes (SVgenes). Several computational methods have been developed for this task. Their high computational complexity limited their scalability to the latest and future large-scale spatial expression data.

We present SOMDE, an efficient method for identifying SVgenes in large-scale spatial expression data. SOMDE uses self-organizing map (SOM) to cluster neighboring cells into nodes, and then uses a Gaussian process to fit the node-level spatial gene expression to identify SVgenes. Experiments show that SOMDE is about 5-50 times faster than existing methods with comparable results. The adjustable resolution of SOMDE makes it the only method that can give results in ∼5 minutes in large datasets of more than 20,000 sequencing sites. SOMDE is available as a python package on PyPI at https//pypi.org/project/somde free for academic use.

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.Objective. To report the results of dental morphological analysis performed on the remains of two European nobles (Duke Alessandro Farnese and his wife Maria D'Aviz) who lived in the 16th century, together with hypotheses on their nutrition and oral hygiene habits. Design and results. The remains of Alessandro Farnese (1545-1592) and Princess Maria D'Aviz (1538-1577) were exhumed in Parma, Italy, in the context of an historical investigation into their possible causes of death. The skulls were examined and analysed through direct inspection, high-detailed photographs and radiographs. Ante mortem tooth loss (AMTL), postmortem tooth loss (PMTL), Scott and Smith dental wear indexes and the Kerr periodontal index were used to assess the dental and periodontal status of the couple. Alessandro Farnese suffered from severe dental wear while it was presumed that Maria D'Aviz was affected by periodontal disease and tooth decay. Conclusions. Based on the findings of the present analysis, we hypothesise that Alessandro Farnese's diet was mainly based on hard and unrefined foods, also suggested by limited historical reports. It is likely that Maria D'Aviz's nutrition was based on sugar-enriched foods.The aim of the present study is to determine the relationship between the age at menarche and adult stature as well as sitting height and Cormic index in adulthood. Analyzed traits included also relative body height, expressed as a percentage of mid parental height, which may be regarded as an indicator of individual target height. Data were collected in a cross-sectional survey among 1257 female university students, aged 19-25 y. Height and sitting height were measured. PI3K inhibitor A survey was used to collect data on the examined females' age at menarche, their socio-economic status and their parents' height. The onset of menstruation before 12 years of age was classified as early, aged 12-14 y. as average, and above 14 years as late. The present study reported statistically significant differences in adult stature in relation to the age at menarche. Women with early menarche reached the shortest stature while women with late menarche - the tallest. The differences were statistically significant also when the analysis considered parents' stature and socio-economic status. No statistically significant differences in sitting height or the Cormic index depending on the age at menarche were found. We may conclude that irrespective of genetic factors (short, medium-height or tall parents) and environmental factors (low, medium or high socio-economic status), women whose first menstruation occurs at a younger age reach shorter stature and lower percentage of mid parental height than women who have their first menstruation at an older age. The absence of differences in sitting height and the Cormic index between individuals of different ages at menarche indicates that the variation in stature results from the length of lower limbs.Sonodynamic therapy has attracted wide attention as a noninvasive therapy due to deep tissue penetration. However, majority sonosensitizers often suffer from poor physiological stability, rapid blood clearance and nonspecific targeting, which seriously hinders their further practical applications. Inspired by the concept of active targeting drug delivery, both dual-functional chemo-drug pemetrexed (PEM, emerges an innate affinity toward the folate receptor) and amphiphilic d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) were selected to be covalently linked by an esterase-responsive ester linkage. The synthesized self-targeting TPGS-PEM prodrug and indocyanine green (ICG) as functional motifs can be self-assembled into a TPGS-PEM-ICG nanoplatform within an aqueous medium. The TPGS-PEM-ICG nanoplatform with outstanding structural and physiological stability not only protects the sonosensitizer from reticular endothelial system clearance but also achieves active targeting drug delivery and efficient tumor enrichment. Moreover, TPGS-PEM-ICG nanoplatform can selectively recognize tumor cells and then realize on-demand drug burst release by multiple stimuli of internal lysosomal acidity, esterase and external ultrasound, which guarantee low side effects toward normal tissues and organs. It is also worth noting that our nanoplatform exhibits protruding tumor enrichment under the precise guidance of photoacoustic/fluorescence imaging. Further in vitro and in vivo experimental results well confirmed that the TPGS-PEM-ICG nanoplatform possesses enhanced chemo-sonodynamic effects. Interestingly, the highly toxic reactive oxygen species can remarkably reduce the blood oxygen saturation signal of the tumor microenvironment via precise, multifunctional and high-resolution photoacoustic imaging. Taken together, the TPGS-PEM-ICG nanoplatform can be expected to hold enormous potential for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy for tumor.Correction for 'Microfluidic devices powered by integrated elasto-magnetic pumps' by Jacob L. Binsley et al., Lab Chip, 2020, 20, 4285-4295, DOI .Correction for 'Versatile hybrid acoustic micromixer with demonstration of circulating cell-free DNA extraction from sub-ml plasma samples' by Alvaro J. Conde et al., Lab Chip, 2020, 20, 741-748, DOI 10.1039/C9LC01130G.Sepsis is a life threatening disease that is caused by a dysregulated host immune response to infection, resulting in tissue damage and organ dysfunction, which account for a high in-hospital mortality (approximately 20%). However, there are still no effective and specific therapeutics for clinical sepsis management. Nanomaterial-based strategies have emerged as promising tools for improving the therapeutic efficacy of sepsis by combating lethal bacterial infection, modulating systemic inflammatory response, preventing multiple organ failure, etc. This review has comprehensively summarized the recent advancements in nanomaterial-based strategies for the management of sepsis and severe complications, in which those nanosystems act either as inherent therapeutics or as nanocarriers for the precise delivery of agents. These formulations mechanically possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-oxidative effects, achieving multifunctional synergistic treatment efficacy against sepsis. Furthermore, several cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanoplatforms have been used as decoys to trap and neutralize the pathogenic toxins. The critical role of other adjuvant therapies in sepsis management, including the combination of nanotechnology and stem cell therapy, is also highlighted. Overall, this review provides insights into innovative nanotechnology-based strategies applied in sepsis treatment.Magnetic interactions within Mn-(μ-O)2-Mn pairs are crucial to the function of some essential enzymes and catalysts, but their nature is unclear. Neutron diffraction reveals that similar units in BiMnPO5 show ferromagnetic coupling which has been rationalized by density functional theory modelling and calculations of magnetic exchange energies. The results are important to many solid state and biological systems.Valgus-varus Deformity (VVD) leg disease often affects chickens raised in modern large-scale breeding operations. Losses due to VVD are costly to farmers, and the condition also causes significant suffering in affected birds. In this study, we profiled RNAs from the spleens of VVD (BS) and healthy (JS) broilers using high-throughput sequencing to identify miRNAs that might be involved in the development of the disease. Fifty differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were found, of which 30 were up-regulated and 20 were down-regulated in VVD-affected birds (|log 2 Fold Change| ≥ 1 and q-value less then 0.05). DEMs were matched with putative target genes and 864 target genes were found. Gene Ontology (GO) analyses of these target genes showed that they were significantly enriched in the "cytoplasm" term (q-value less then 0.05), and most of the target genes were enriched in "cellular component". Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that they were significantly enriched in 11 signaling pathways (P-value less then 0.
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