Notes

An organized evaluation and meta-analysis in the upshot of ileal pouch rectal anastomosis inside patients with unhealthy weight.
We focuse on aging mechanisms that ultimately manifest as organ-level shape changes based on the idea that the integration of imaging and mechanical modeling may help identify the tipping point when normal aging ends and pathological neurodegeneration begins.
To describe the serological profile of first two SARS-CoV-2 confirmed reinfections in the national healthcare worker cohort study SARS-CoV-2 Immunity and Reinfection Evaluation (SIREN) and potentially identify correlates of protection against reinfection.

In addition to routine testing within the SIREN study, viral culture, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Total antibody testing (Anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike) were complemented by receptor binding domain indirect ELISA and neutralising antibody assays.

The first two SARS-CoV-2 confirmed reinfections had mild symptomatic illness episodes from which infectious virus was recovered at the time of reinfection. The recovered viruses and their sequences were closely related to viruses circulating locally during the time of reinfection and serology was consistent with reinfection. Prior to reinfection, both cases had ELISA and immunoblot detectable anti-N antibodies, but lacked live virus neutralising antibody. Within days following reinfection, neutralising antibodies became detectable and anti-N and anti-S binding antibodies were boosted.

We hypothesise that titres of neutralising antibody can be used as a correlate of protection against reinfection. Further analysis using a case-control design is essential in order to confirm this hypothesis.
We hypothesise that titres of neutralising antibody can be used as a correlate of protection against reinfection. Further analysis using a case-control design is essential in order to confirm this hypothesis.The heterogeneous reaction between formic acid and mineral dust play an important role in tropospheric chemistry. However, the molecular mechanism on formic acid uptake on mineral dust is not yet to be fully understood. In our work, a comprehensive and multiscale theoretical study (include density functional theory, DFT calculations and reactive molecular dynamics, RMD simulations) has been provided to investigate this heterogeneous reaction at molecular level. The results of DFT calculations show that the SiO2 and TiO2 particles have a strong tendency to adsorb formic acid to its surface, and the attractive part of the binding energy was dominated by electrostatic component. RMD simulations show that the uptake of formic acid and water on TiO2 particles would modified TiO2 particles, which formed Ti-OH and Ti-OCHO on particle surface. Besides, the formic acid coordination surface modes were dominated by the monodentate formate mode rather than bidentate formate mode. The molecular level study is helpful for understanding the accumulation of formic acid on mineral dust particles and global balance of atmospheric formic acid.The progressive increase of slaughterhouse waste production requires actions for both addressing an environmental issue and creating additional value within a biorefinery concept. In this regard, some of these animal by-products exhibit a significant content of fatty acids that could be efficiently converted into bioplastics such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by adequately performing substrate screening with producing bacterial strains and applying affordable pretreatments. One of the main challenges also relies on the difficulty to emulsify these fat-rich substrates within culture broth and make the fatty acids accessible for the producing bacteria. In this work, the potential of two fat-rich animal by-products, grease trap waste (GTW) and tallow-based jelly (TBJ), as inexpensive carbon sources for microbial growth and PHA production was evaluated for the first time. Upon substrate screening, using different pseudomonadal strains (P. resinovorans, P. putida GPo1, P. putida KT2440) and pretreatment conditions (autoclave-based, thermally-treated or saponified substrates), the highest growth and mcl-PHA production performance was obtained for P. resinovorans, thus producing up to 47% w/w mcl-PHA simply using hygienized GTW. The novel bioprocess described in this study was successfully scaled up to 5 and 15 L, resulting in CDW concentrations of 5.9-12.8 g L-1, mcl-PHA contents of 33-62% w/w and PHA yields of 0.1-0.4 gPHA g-1fatty acids, greatly depending on the substrate dosing strategy used and depending on culture conditions. Moreover, process robustness was confirmed along Test Series by the roughly stable monomeric composition of the biopolymer produced, mainly formed by 3-hydroxyoctanoate and 3-hydroxydecanoate. The research here conducted is crucial for the cost-effectiveness of mcl-PHA production along this new slaughterhouse waste-based biorefinery concept.Zero-valent iron (ZVI), with high reduction capacity and cost effectiveness, has been widely used as an activator for persulfate in remediation of organic pollutants. However, the existence of inherent iron oxide shell blocked the transfer of proton and further reduced its reactivity. In present study, a novel persulfate (PS) activator BZVI@OA was synthesized via ball milling ZVI with oxalic acid dihydrate. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy confirmed the original low proton conductive oxidation shell was replaced by a high proton conductive FeC2O4 shell. The generated shell significantly improved persulfate activated capacity, through which degradation rates of various contaminants were enhanced for 1.64 to 2.33 times. Dissolved oxalate was proved to form complexes with iron ions, dramatically reduced the potential difference and relieved the blocked cyclic conversion. Electron paramagnetic resonance and quenching experiments confirmed an inner sphere adsorption of PS on FeC2O4·2H2O shell which facilitated the peroxide bonds cleavage, leading high efficiency of ROS generation. The accelerated proton transition was confirmed with AC impedance method, resulting in fast and elevated surface bound Fe2+ for persulfate decomposition into active species. Furthermore, BZVI@OA/PS system demonstrated high tolerance over wide initial pH range and promising reusability within 6 cycles. This work clarifies an effective strategy for developing efficient modified ZVI as a PS activator for organic pollutant degradation in water.Whilst ongoing increases in the deposition of atmospheric nitrogen (N) in China have attracted a lot of attention, to date there has been little research on phosphorus (P) deposition. In this study, we quantified inorganic P (PO43-), dissolved organic P (DOP) and total P (TP) in bulk deposition at four sites in the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China. Chengdu (CD), Shifang (SF), Yanting (YT), and Gongga (GG). They represent the land use categories urban, suburban, agricultural and forest, respectively, during 2008-2018 at CD and YT, 2015-2018 at SF, and 2007-2014 at GG. Annual average TP concentrations (deposition rates) were 0.07 (0.61), 0.49 (3.22), 0.17 (1.07) and 0.01 (0.20) mg L-1 (kg ha-1 yr-1), at CD, SF, YT and GG, respectively. The TP concentrations at YT and GG showed significant increasing trends over the years, with very little change at CD and a decline at SF because of the implementation of environmental control measures. Average PO43- to DOP ratios were 0.65, 0.95, 0.82 and 0.81 at CD, SF, YT and GG, respectively, indicating that DOP accounts for a higher proportion at the urban site, and dominated by combustion sources. Bulk P deposition showed higher deposition rates in summer and lower in winter. These results highlight the importance of long term monitoring in detecting spatial and temporal changing trends of the chemical composition, so as to implement effective policies to eliminate air pollution, especially for Southwest China, where there is limited research on atmospheric P deposition.Water pollution produced by various contaminants is presently a major worldwide issue, posing a significant challenge to the development of novel materials for water treatment. Herein, robust and recyclable biochar-graphene oxide (BC-GO) composite monoliths were prepared utilizing lignin precursor as a carbon source in a one-pot hydrothermal process free of hazardous chemicals. Characterization results indicated the BC-GO composite monolith had abundant microchannels, nanopores, and a large specific surface area, thereby exhibiting a high adsorption capacity of 796.8 mg g-1 to doxycycline in water, which was superior to conventional adsorbents. Furthermore, by annealing the BC-GO composite monolith, it could be transformed to hydrophobic (CA = 140°). The annealed BC-GO composite monolith retained a pronounced porous structure with a larger surface area and showed exceptional absorption capabilities of 55-130 g g-1 toward various oils and solvents, which were higher/comparable to previously reported graphene-based materials. In addition, both BC-GO composite monoliths were highly stable and could be reused for a number of cycles of pollutants removal. The simplicity, environmental friendliness, and effectiveness of our approach to building BC-GO composite monoliths may pave the way for their future applications in the field of water purification.Sitagliptin (SITA) is an antidiabetic drug consumed worldwide in high quantities. Because of the low removal rate of this compound in conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), it enters receiving surface waters with the discharged WWTP effluents. SITA can be detected up to μg/L concentration in rivers. In this study, UV (254 nm) and (V)UV (185 nm + 254 nm) irradiation was applied in laboratory scale to degrade SITA. The effect of three parameters was evaluated on the degradation rate, namely i) the efficiency in UV and (V)UV irradiation, ii) the presence or absence of dissolved oxygen, iii) the matrix effect of WWTP effluent. Degradation rate of SITA was largely increased by (V)UV irradiation, and decreased in WWTP effluent as expected. The presence of dissolved oxygen increased the degradation rate only in UV experiments and did not have a considerable effect in (V)UV experiments. In total, 14 transformation products (TPs) were identified (twelve new); their structures were proposed based on high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses. click here The most characteristic reaction steps of the degradation of SITA involved nucleophilic aromatic photosubstitution whereas hydroxide ions acted as attacking nucleophiles and replaced F atoms of the phenyl moiety by hydroxide groups, in agreement with the increase in photolysis rate with increasing pH. The photochemical degradation pathway of SITA was also interpreted. Kinetic profiles revealed TP 421, TP 208 and TP 192 to be the most recalcitrant TPs.Calcium carbonate oligomers are gel-state precursors that can be crystallized by low-temperature heat treatments to form an inorganic material with a monolithic and continuous structure, this material can effectively solidify/stabilize heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA). Calcium chloride addition achieves FA stabilization/solidification by the formation and polymerization of calcium carbonate oligomers. The effects of calcium, triethylamine (TEA), and water-washing pretreatment on the solidification of heavy metals by the polymer were studied. Consequently, as more calcium was added, the solidification improved. When the ratio of TEA/Ca2+ was increased from 21 to 31, the solidification efficiency of As and Cd increased, but it decreased when the ratio was continuously increased to 41. After the water-washing pre-treatment, the MSWI FA had a significantly improved solidification effect on the heavy metals, and the solidification efficiencies of zinc, copper, cadmium, chromium, lead, and arsenic were 81.
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