Notes

Digitalization involving mastering throughout Saudi Persia in the COVID-19 outbreak: Market research.
Competing interplay associated with repulsive combining and cross-correlated disturbance in bistable systems.
Parasitic encephalitis due to Stephanurus dentatus within a pig inside South america.
In the context of rapid economic growth, people's living standards are improving day by day, and China's urbanization process is also gradually accelerating. Urban renewal is a very complex project. The renewal and expansion of most cities in the country usually involve demolishing and rebuilding. This way of urban renewal only pays attention to the renewal efficiency of cities and towns, and ignores the health needs of residents, which will make community residents lack a sense of security, pleasure, comfort, and belonging to the community, and greatly reduce the quality of life and physical fitness of community residents. Building a healthy city is an important goal of today's society, and community is the basic unit of a city, so it is urgent to build a health-promoting community. We should pay attention to and study the social environment, the external space environment of residential areas, and the interaction between them, so as to make develop them in a healthy direction and create a healthy and positiommunity cloud resource scheduling mechanism combined with the community Internet of Things can obtain the residents' help information in time and allocate the community outdoor resources in real time, which can not only meet the health needs of community members but also be conducive to the sustainable development of a health-promoting community. In addition, the cloud resource scheduling mechanism and the Internet of things also provide new ideas for the study of the health promotion research of community outdoor space planning.We aimed to systematically evaluate the imaging features of peripheral lung cancer and inflammatory pseudotumor. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database (Wanfang), and Chinese Biomedical Network (CBM) were searched to collect relevant studies on CT image comparison of peripheral lung cancer and inflammatory pseudotumor. The search time was from database establishment to July 15, 2021. The search language was limited to Chinese and English. Data from the literature were screened and extracted, and meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 software. A total of 8 cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis, including 675 patients. Meta-analysis showed that the lesion size of inflammatory pseudotumor was greater than that of peripheral lung cancer, and the difference had statistical significance [SMD = 0.29, 95% CI (0.01, 0.58), P 0.05). Based on the available literature evidence, it can be found that there are differences in the CT signs between peripheral lung cancer and inflammatory pseudotumor, and the lesion size, HU value on enhanced CT, incidence of calcification, and incidence of burr sign may be important indicators for differentiating peripheral lung cancer from inflammatory pseudotumor.
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) often have cardiac insufficiency mainly due to hypoxia/reperfusion injury caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). link= Proteasome inhibitor Inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the cardiovascular events of OSAHS patients. Studies have found that myofibrillation regulator-1 (MR-1) participates in the pathological process of OSAHS-induced myocardial injury, but the specific mechanism is still unclear.

We used a CIH-induced rat model to simulate the process of OSAHS disease. Indices of myocardial injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress were detected using quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After administration of adenoassociated viral vector (AAV) encoding silencing RNA against MR-1, we examined expression of the classic antioxidant stress pathway protein NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) using western blotting.

We found that levels of serum inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-
, interleukin (IL)-1
, IL-6, a rescued the myocardium the injury from inflammatory and oxidative stress in CIH-induced rats by administration of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.The aim of this study was to explore the nursing effect of diabetes education and nursing methods applied to diabetic patients in the endocrinology department. From October 2019 to October 2020, 90 patients with diabetes who were admitted to the Department of Endocrinology in our hospital were selected as the research objects, and the medical records of all patients were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, 45 patients who were given regular care as the control group and 45 patients who were given the diabetes health education care model as the experimental group. Routine care was given to patients in the routine group; that is, we paid attention to the patients' diet, medication, and blood glucose levels. Proteasome inhibitor The experimental group patients were given diabetes health education guidance. The nursing effect, blood sugar level, disease awareness level, occurrence of complications, and compliance of the two groups of patients were evaluated. link2 In this study, diabetes health education was given to the experimental group of patients. The conditions of this group of patients were significantly better than those of the basic group using conventional nursing methods. Therefore, the application of diabetes health education is very effective. The recovery from the disease has positive significance.Based on the data of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Changzhou obtained by the Disabled Persons' Federation, this study sampled some children with CP and investigated their survival status, treatment cost, and family burden so as to provide scientific decision-making basis and policy suggestions for coping with disease hazards and improving children's quality of life. In this study, a simple random sampling method was used to conduct household surveys of the selected children with CP. The economic burden of CP is measured by direct and indirect methods, and the quality of life of patients of children with CP and their families is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by the EuroQol Five Dimensions (EQ-5D) Questionnaire. The average family economic burden of each case of CP in Changzhou was about 4,188,500 yuan, of which the direct medical burden was 205,800 yuan and the indirect economic burden was 3,982,700 yuan. The socioeconomic burden of CP in Changzhou is as high as about 2.244 billion yuan. Frotance resources, implement early intervention, and launch targeted support and assistance policy.Hepatitis C is a prevalent disease in the world. Around 3 to 4 million new cases of Hepatitis C are reported every year across the globe. Effective, timely prediction of the disease can help people know about their Stage of Hepatitis C. To identify the Stage of disease, various noninvasive serum biochemical markers and clinical information of the patients have been used. Machine learning techniques have been an effective alternative tool for determining the Stage of this chronic disease of the liver to prevent biopsy side effects. In this study, an Intelligent Hepatitis C Stage Diagnosis System (IHSDS) empowered with machine learning is presented to predict the Stage of Hepatitis C in a human using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The dataset obtained from the UCI machine learning repository contains 29 features, out of which the 19 most reverent are selected to conduct the study; 70% of the dataset is used for training and 30% for validation purposes. The precision value is compared with the proposed IHSDS with previously presented models. The proposed IHSDS has achieved 98.89% precision during training and 94.44% precision during validation.Worldwide, children who grow up under adverse conditions risk the development of mental health problems. However, reliable data on the estimated magnitude of mental disorders of PTSD, depression and their associated factors among maltreated children and adolescents in low- and middle-income-countries (LMICs) is still lacking. This study estimated the magnitude of PTSD, depression and the associated factors among the children and adolescents with ahistory of maltreatment in Southwestern Uganda.
In this cross-sectional study, we assessed 232 children and adolescents on the prevalence of PTSD using Child PTSD Symptoms Scale for DSM-5 - Self-Report (CPSS-VSR) and Depression using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC). Predictor variables were taken from the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure- Paediatric Version (Pedi MACE). Logistic regressions analyses were selected for statistical modelling while odds-ratios were calculated to assess the strength of associatiovulnerable children.
Children living under adverse conditions are at a higher risk of developing PTSD and depression. We recommend interventions that aim at reducing adverse psychosocial stressors so as to improve or restore the children's mental health.Abbreviations PTSD Post traumatic stress disorder; LMICs Low- and middle-income countries; IPV Intimate partner violence; OVC Orphans and vulnerable children.Combining double-jaw surgery and orthodontic treatment to correct dentofacial asymmetry is a standard procedure but time consuming and costly. In order to provide alternative solutions, previewing the possible results with precise virtual surgical planning (VSP) system can help clinicians select patients suited for correcting facial asymmetry surgically without orthodontic treatment. In our experiences, after rigid or semirigid fixation of the maxilla, using intermaxillary fixation (IMF) without mandibular bony fixation is another key. This kind of fixation can minimize the chances of changing the condylar position and occlusion after the rotation of the maxillomandibular complex. If the original occlusion can be maintained, then orthodontic treatment can be avoided. Here we presented two facial asymmetry cases who requested surgical correction and refused orthodontic treatment. With careful preoperative planning using VSP, double-jaw surgery with maxillary bony fixation and IMF was conducted and both patients were satisfied by their aesthetic outcomes. With minimal dental compensation, the long-term results were relatively stable.The bibliometric analysis was conducted to evaluate the publication characteristics of Journal of Dental Sciences (JDS) from ScienceDirect Online between 2009 and 2020. The most common published article type in JDS was original articles. The top four highest number of published articles were related to oral and maxillofacial surgery, periodontology, endodontology, and oral pathology. The most productive geographic region for articles was Asia. Taiwan ranked in the highest country in terms of successful publication in JDS. link2 The impact factor of JDS ranged from 0.107 in 2009 to 2.080 in 2020. As compared with years between 2009 and 2014, there was a significant increase in impact factor during 2015-2020 (P = 0.026). By this bibliometric analysis, JDS needs to attract more audience outside the Asia to gain the higher international influence.A straightforward digital method of evaluating wear volume loss is described. This method allows the measurement of the wear by analyzing only the three-dimensional scan dataset of the worn specimen without needing a separate baseline scan. Compared to the conventional method, involving superimposition of the two datasets scanned before and after the wear test, this method can reduce labor and accuracy errors caused by repeated scans and superimposition procedures. Further, this analysis can be conducted using free computer-aided design software, which makes it more efficient for the analysis of wear volume loss of restorative materials.Anterior immediate implant placement (IIP) has many biological and esthetic challenges, including inevitable soft and hard tissue loss after extraction. Previous literatures have discussed the facial bone architecture and defective socket classification. However, none of them discussed the depression of the cervical root area which can be seen frequently after IIP in type IIB and U-shaped defective sockets. In our limited experiences, we found that the labial interproximal bone edges of type IIB and U-shaped defect dominated the esthetic result after IIP. With more labial projection of the interproximal bone present, better esthetic result could be expected in the facial aspect. With adequate evaluation of this osseous scalloping before IIP, both patient and clinician could have a comprehensive understanding of the final esthetic result. This article also detailed the process of patient selection, diagnosis, surgical options, and executions required to achieve functional and esthetic success with IIP and provisionalization.
No studies have comprehensively assessed short-term patient-reported outcomes after the provision of overdentures supported by two immediate implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate short-term patient-reported outcomes for mandibular overdentures retained by ball attachments on two immediately loaded implants.

Nineteen participants with mandibular edentulism were provided with overdentures retained by ball attachments on two immediately loaded, unsplinted implants. The participants' self-assessment of their dentures and oral health-related quality of life were evaluated with the 22-item Patient's Denture Assessment (PDA), and the 19-item Japanese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-EDENT), respectively. Patient satisfaction was measured on a 100mm visual analogue scale. Assessments were conducted at baseline, and at 1 and 6 months after implant surgery.

There were significant increases in the PDA "Lower denture" (P=0.009) at 1 month, as well as "Function" (P=0.002) and "Lower denture" (P=0.009) scores at 6 months. Patient satisfaction was also significantly increased at 1 month (P=0.007) and 6 months (P≤0.000). Significant decreases were observed in the OHIP-EDENT "Physical pain" (P=0.046) score at 1 month, as well as the summary score (P=0.033), "Functional limitation" (P=0.020) and "Psychological discomfort" (P=0.019) scores at 6 months.

The use of two immediately loaded implants for lower mandibular complete overdentures is associated with improvements in patient's self-assessment of dentures, satisfaction, and oral health-related quality of life, up to 6 months after implant surgery.
The use of two immediately loaded implants for lower mandibular complete overdentures is associated with improvements in patient's self-assessment of dentures, satisfaction, and oral health-related quality of life, up to 6 months after implant surgery.
Immunotherapy has become a research hotspot and is used for head and neck cancer treatment. This research aims to explore the prognostic value of PYHIN1 in oral cancer and the relationship between PYHIN1 and cancer immunity.

The expression of PYHIN1 in clinical specimens was evaluated by bioinformatics analyses and immunohistochemistry.

Gene ontology term enrichment analyses and gene set enrichment analyses showed the involvement of PYHIN1 in the modulation of adaptive immunity-associated signaling according to The Cancer Genome Atlas database and Gene Expression Omnibus dataset. Interestingly, the correlation analyses in The Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed a positive correlation between PYHIN1 expression and activated CD8+ T cells infiltration and a negative correlation between PYHIN1 expression and tumor purity. Moreover, activated CD8+ T cells infiltration predicted good patient survival and was negatively correlated with tumor purity. Importantly, PYHIN1 expression was negatively correlated with the pathological stage and was positively associated with a good prognosis in patients with oral cancer. The data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset and immunohistochemistry confirmed the positive association between PYHIN1 and CD8+ T cells infiltration in oral cancer tissues.

We conclude that PYHIN1 is an indicator of cancer immunity, and is an independent prognostic factor that may be an alternative target for oral cancer treatment.
We conclude that PYHIN1 is an indicator of cancer immunity, and is an independent prognostic factor that may be an alternative target for oral cancer treatment.
With the rise of digitalization in dentistry, intraoral scanners and digital impressions have recently been adopted by many clinicians. Proteasome inhibitor The aim of this study was to investigate surface topography of prepared teeth and the accuracy of digital impressions.

Twenty mandibular typodonts, containing left first premolar and left first molar abutment teeth manufactured by using CAD/CAM, were used in this study. An intraoral scanner was used to scan each typodont, and each STL file generated was exported in high resolution (Group H), moderate resolution (Group M), and low resolution (Group L). All 60 files were inspected in a 3-D mesh processing software. For each file, the number of triangulation points in the meshwork were obtained for both abutment teeth.

The measurements obtained from the 3-D mesh processing software revealed that the mean number of triangulation points on the 3-D surface of the abutment teeth (20 premolars+20M) were 790,625±98,890 dots in Group H, 592,283±74,881 dots in Group M, and 198,067±19,328 dots in Group L. Significant differences were found between Group H and M (p<0.05), Group H and L (p<0.001), and Group M and L (p<0.01).

The outcomes of this study reveal that there are strong correlations between the data quality of digital impressions and surface topography of prepared teeth. Therefore, the utilization of STL files in high resolution format is the recommended choice for clinicians engaging in a digital workflow process.
The outcomes of this study reveal that there are strong correlations between the data quality of digital impressions and surface topography of prepared teeth. Therefore, the utilization of STL files in high resolution format is the recommended choice for clinicians engaging in a digital workflow process.
Global networking and e-learning courses are an effective strategy for sharing educational content and there is potential scope to use e-learning technology in dental education. Therefore, this study aimed to explicate the challenges encountered in international e-learning use and decipher optimum solutions for disseminating course/systems on an international scale.

An e-learning course with four computer-assisted simulation materials developed among international faculties was provided to dental undergraduates at dental schools in Japan and Vietnam in 2020. A post-questionnaire survey plus pre- and post-tests were conducted to obtain learners' feedback and assess the success of the course's implementation.

Altogether, 41 students participated, with a response rate of 78.8%. The mean post-test score was significantly higher than that of the pre-test (p<0.001). Students from both groups felt that e-learning was beneficial, useful for their future, and should be continued.

This study showed that e-leal networking and dental education in the present era; and communication and cooperation between the faculties was important for course provision. More countries should be included in future studies to ensure that it has global application.
Genetics plays a role in the susceptibility to periodontitis and tooth loss. Several studies examined the involvement of polymorphisms in candidate genes. We hypothesize that bone metabolism-related polymorphisms could be associated with the number of remaining teeth.

Participants in the Pro.V.A. longitudinal Study 3099 Italians (aged 65+ at baseline), 2196at follow-up 1 (5yrs), 1641at follow-up 2 (7yrs) underwent detailed interview and clinical-instrumental examination. Subjects, grouped by remaining teeth number (0, 1-7, 8-19, 20+), were genotyped for six different bone-related polymorphisms collagen type Iα1 (COL1A1, Sp1,
alleles, n=1068), vitamin D receptor (VDR, Fok I,
alleles, n=300), calcitonin receptor (CALCR, Alu I,
alleles, n=1430), estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1, Pvu II and Xba I,
and
alleles, n=1335 and n=1324).

COL1A1 associated with dental status
carriers had reduced incident tooth loss (p<0.05). The low frequency of this genotype, 3.6% in the whole population, didn't grant sufficient statistical power to other findings, such as the lower prevalence of edentulism, consistent throughout the study. In men,
genotype of CALCR was associated with higher tooth loss between follow ups (p<0.05). Biochemical markers of inflammation didn't differ by genotype. Confounders such as diabetes, neoplasms, and smoking hampered the detrimental effect of
allele in the logistic regression analysis (OR=0.67, 95% CI 0.4-1.0, p=0.06).

The present study, demonstrating an association between tooth loss and COL1A1 and -in men- CALCR, contributes to the identification of genes involved in tooth loss and, possibly, susceptibility to periodontitis.
The present study, demonstrating an association between tooth loss and COL1A1 and -in men- CALCR, contributes to the identification of genes involved in tooth loss and, possibly, susceptibility to periodontitis.
Oral appliances (OAs) have been recommended as alternatives for adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea who are intolerant of continuous positive airway pressure therapy. The aim of this study was to explore the effect on snoring rates among adult patients through use of a novel OA termed the Lin OA (LOA, airflow-interference-type nasal congestion relieving and snore-ceasing oral appliance).

The LOA consist of two parts dental braces and a fixed tongue compressor. The compressor lengths range from 0.5cm to 3.5cm across versions. Patients used the LOA during sleep and the SnoreClock smartphone application recorded their snoring rates.

A total of 4920 recordings (4239 recordings from 34 men, 681 recordings from 8 women) were used for the analysis. The recordings were sorted in accordance with the applied length of the LOA tongue compressor (0.5-3.5cm, LOA-0.5, LOA-1 and LOA-3.5), and participants not using the LOA were denoted as the LOA-0 group. The women had higher snoring rates in the LOA-0, LOA-0.5 to LOA-2 groups, but lower snoring rates in the LOA-3 group than men by the univariate analysis. The snoring rates were significantly reduced by a mean of 5.04% with every 1cm increase in tongue compressor length. Continuous LOA use resulted in snoring rate reductions of 0.02% per day by the random intercept model of the linear regression.

Use of this novel LOA may significantly reduce snoring rates by 5.04% with each 1cm increase in tongue compressor length.
Use of this novel LOA may significantly reduce snoring rates by 5.04% with each 1 cm increase in tongue compressor length.
The haptic 3D virtual reality dental training simulator has been drawn attention as a educational strategy in Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feature of the haptics simulator in comparison with a conventional mannequin simulator by analyzing the assessment of products prepared by dental students using these two kinds of simulator.

The subjects were 30 students in the sixth-year classes of the faculty of dentistry. Abutments for a full cast crown were prepared by each subject using two kinds of simulator; one is the haptics simulator and the other is a mannequin simulator. For the resulted products, occlusal surface form, margin design, surface smoothness, taper angle, total cut volume and overall impression were rated by 3 evaluators. Score differences between two simulators were statistically analyzed.

The kinds of simulator affected subject performance for margin design and total cut volume. The differences in cutting feeling between the simulators as well as variatiimulator.
Dental students are particularly vulnerable for needlestick injuries (NSI). However, the epidemiology of NSI exposures among Chinese dental students was rarely reported. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of NSI among dental students in a major teaching institution of China, and to identify associated factors.

A self-administrated online questionnaire was developed based on previously published studies, and distributed to dental students of Class 2011-2015 recruited from Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology.

Two hundred and sixty-eight dental students including 38.8% of males and 61.2% of females (response rate of 90.0%) completed the survey. Approximately 36.2% of the respondents had sustained at least one NSI. A total of 112 NSI cases were reported. The majority of NSIs were related to the procedures of local anesthesia administration (15.2%) and tooth cleaning or scaling (15.2%). Syringe needles, dental burs and ultrasonic chips were the most notorious devices. Statistical analysis showed significant distribution in NSI occurrence between July-September and October-December. The main cause was lapse in concentration (67.9%), followed by fatigue (22.3%). Up to 66.1% of the exposures occurred when the student was working alone, while only 10.7% with assisting. Unfortunately, 26.8% of the incidents were under-reported.

Dental students are prone to needlestick injuries. The present study clearly reveals a need for increased awareness of NSI prevention among dental students. The quality of infection control education at dental teaching institutions is crucial and indispensable for reducing NSI exposures.
Dental students are prone to needlestick injuries. The present study clearly reveals a need for increased awareness of NSI prevention among dental students. The quality of infection control education at dental teaching institutions is crucial and indispensable for reducing NSI exposures.
Dentures are important for the reconstruction of occlusal support and masticatory performance for older adults with poor dentition. We aimed to elucidate the oral health factors associated with malnutrition in older adults requiring long-term care, including denture use.

This cross-sectional study included 322 older adults (63 men, 259 women; mean age, 86.6±6.9 years) who required long-term care in rural Japan. The participant's nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA®-SF). Oral health was assessed using participant's dentition and oral function. Barthel Index (BI) and medical history were measured for assessing general health status. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the oral health factors associated with malnutrition.

The proportion of participants with malnutrition was 17.2%. The BI score (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93-0.98,
<0.001), having <20 teeth and dentures (OR 0.42; 95%CI 0.18-0.99;
=0.047), and poor lip-closure ability (OR 2.86; 95%CI 1.32-6.20;
=0.008) were significantly associated with malnutrition.

Denture use, lip-closure ability, and activities of daily living were significantly associated with malnutrition in older adults requiring long-term care, suggesting that wearing dentures for tooth loss and maintaining oral function contributes to nutritional status.
Denture use, lip-closure ability, and activities of daily living were significantly associated with malnutrition in older adults requiring long-term care, suggesting that wearing dentures for tooth loss and maintaining oral function contributes to nutritional status.
The design of the connectors and implant abutments could affect the stress distribution of the tooth-implant supported prosthesis (TISP) entire system after loading. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the stress distribution of the TISP in different connectors and different implant abutments after loading.

The TISP design used in this study was divided into six models. R1, R2 and R3 represented the tooth and the one-piece, two-piece and three-piece abutment implant system connected by a rigid connector, respectively, while NR1, NR2 and NR3 were the corresponding tooth-abutment implant systems connected by a non-rigid connector. A vertical occlusal load of 50N was applied at a right angle on the 6 occlusal points of the occlusal surface.

As a result, regarding the maximum average stress distribution, R1 and NR1 appeared on the implant fixture, and the other four models were on the implant abutment. link3 On the other hand, regardless of the abutment implant system, the maximum von Mises stress generated by the rigid connector was greater than the corresponding non-rigid connector in the cortical bone around implant. In addition, the three-piece abutment implant system had lower von Mises stress than the one-piece and two-piece implant systems in the cortical bone.

It is concluded that by adding a flexible non-rigid connector and three-piece abutment device design to TISP, the occlusal load of the implant was dispersed, and the stress could be gradually introduced into the relatively strong implant abutment.
It is concluded that by adding a flexible non-rigid connector and three-piece abutment device design to TISP, the occlusal load of the implant was dispersed, and the stress could be gradually introduced into the relatively strong implant abutment.
Minimally invasive endodontic approach become a research hotspot and may prevent the fracture of endodontically-treated teeth. This research aims to measure the coronal root canal morphology of permanent mandibular first molars in 3D and propose a new minimally invasive endodontic approach based on this measurement.

Data of 136 permanent mandibular first molars were involved and reconstructed in 3D models with canals. Then, the morphology characteristics of the coronal root canal were measured.

Overall, the distribution of root canal orifices was more centralized than other landmarks. The landmarks were located more mesiobuccally to the center of the occlusal plane of molars. Specifically, the measurements of the maximum curvature of coronal root canals in the axial direction were in 3-canals 2-rooted teeth, the average angles of curvatures were 23°,25°,11° for mesiobuccal (MB), mesiolingual (ML) and distobuccal (DB) canals, respectively; in 4-canals 2-rooted teeth were 23°,25°,12°,16°for MB, ML, DB, and distolingual (DL) canals, respectively; in 4-canals 3-rooted teeth were 25°,27°,17°,39° for MB, ML, DB, and DL canals, respectively. The degrees of coronal root canal curvatures in the horizontal direction were in 3-canals teeth, the average angles of curvatures were -1°,47°,-2° for MB, ML and DB canals, respectively; in 4-canals 2-rooted teeth were -4°,41°,-25°,48° for MB, ML, DB, and DL canals, respectively; in 4-canals 3-rooted teeth were -3°,33°,-43°,79° for MB, ML, DB, and DL canals, respectively.

The results of this study are similar to those previously obtained using CBCT and can help us design endodontic approaches.
The results of this study are similar to those previously obtained using CBCT and can help us design endodontic approaches.
Exfoliative cheilitis (EC) is a chronic and reversible inflammatory disease of the lips without definite etiology. Clinically, different types of allergens can be found in exfoliative cheilitis patients, however, few studies have focused on the relationship between exfoliative cheilitis and hypersensitivity. This research aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypersensitivity in EC patients.

A prospective study was conducted in 30 patients with exfoliative cheilitis and 30 healthy controls, matched in age and sex. Laboratory tests included serum total IgE, allergen-specific IgE, and food-specific IgG.

Increased serum total IgE level, positive food-specific IgG were seen more frequently in exfoliative cheilitis patients than in healthy control (P<0.05). Special IgE level to FX5 and the degree of food-specific IgG to wheat were seen higher in exfoliative cheilitis patients than in healthy control (P<0.05).

This study suggests that patients with exfoliative cheilitis may have predisposition of hypersensitivity. The detection of allergens should be strengthened in the future clinical work.
This study suggests that patients with exfoliative cheilitis may have predisposition of hypersensitivity. The detection of allergens should be strengthened in the future clinical work.
Temporomandibular joint disc displacement is the most frequently reported temporomandibular disorder that may severely impair quality of life and can be challenging to treat. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficiency of intra-articular injection of injectable platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF) following arthrocentesis or arthrocentesis alone in treatment of patients with TMJ disc displacement with reduction.

Forty patients for a total of forty joints with reducible anterior disc displacement, as confirmed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) were selected and divided into 2 equal groups. In group I (control group), arthrocentesis alone was performed with Ringer solution. In group II (study group), a combination of arthrocentesis and intra-articular injection with 1.5ml i-PRF was performed. The outcome variables included pain intensity evaluated with a visual analogue scale, inter-incisal opening, lateral movement evaluated in millimeters, and clicking. Assessments were done pre-operatively, and 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively.

There was statistically significant reduction in pain intensity and clicking sound and increase in mouth opening and lateral movement in i-PRF group when compared to arthrocentesis group. In addition, the differences between preoperative and postoperative status in all the measured parameters were statistically significant within the study and the control group throughout the postoperative period.

The combination of i-PRF with arthrocentesis is a safe and effective method in the treatment of TMJ disc displacement with reduction.
The combination of i-PRF with arthrocentesis is a safe and effective method in the treatment of TMJ disc displacement with reduction.
Bacterial biofilms formed on the surface of tissues and biomaterials are major causes of chronic infections in humans. Among them,
(
) and
(
) are anaerobic pathogens causing dental infections associated with periodontitis. In this study, we evaluated the killing effect and underlying mechanisms of direct current (DC) as an antimicrobial method
.

We chose
and
in different states to make comparisons of the killing effect of DC. By viable bacteria counting, fluorescent live/dead staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, addition of ROS scavenger DMTU and mRNA expression assay of ROS scavenging genes, the role of ROS in the killing effect was explored.

The planktonic and biofilm states of two bacteria could be effectively killed by low-intensity DC. For the killing effect of 1000μA DC, there were significant differences whether on planktonic
and
(mean killing values 2.40 vs 2.62 log
CFU/mL) or on biofilm state of those (mean killing values 0.63 vs 0.98 log
CFU/mL). 1000μA DC greatly induced ROS production and the mRNA expression of ROS scavenging genes. DMTU could partially decrease the killing values of DC and downregulate corresponding gene's expression.

1000μA DC can kill
and
in two states by promoting overproduction of ROS, and
is more sensitive to DC than
. These findings indicate low-intensity DC may be a promising approach in treating periodontal infections.
1000 μA DC can kill P. gingivalis and P. intermedia in two states by promoting overproduction of ROS, and P. intermedia is more sensitive to DC than P. gingivalis. These findings indicate low-intensity DC may be a promising approach in treating periodontal infections.
Adolescents undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy have an increased risk of oral diseases due to additional plaque accumulation sites. However, the effect of fixed orthodontics appliances (FOAs) on the colonization of
(
) and
(
), two synergistic oral pathogens, is largely unknown and was, therefore, the primary objective of this pilot investigation.

Sixteen children aged 10-15 years were enrolled, nine in the FOA and seven in the control groups. Saliva and occlusal plaque were collected, and the
and
levels were quantified with a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay.

A trend of higher
levels was observed in the saliva and occlusal plaque of the FOA group, while the control group contained higher levels of
Furthermore, for
levels, a positive correlation between saliva and occlusal plaque was shown in both the FOA and control groups; in contrast,
levels were negatively correlated between these samples only in the FOA group. Between
and
, a positive correlation was observed in saliva and occlusal plaque in the control group; however, this relationship was disrupted in the FOA group.

Our preliminary study demonstrated that the presence of FOAs disturbs the colonization of
and
within the oral cavity. This perturbation might increase orthodontic patients' risk for
and
-related diseases.
Our preliminary study demonstrated that the presence of FOAs disturbs the colonization of Ca and Sm within the oral cavity. This perturbation might increase orthodontic patients' risk for Ca- and Sm-related diseases.
Recently, many reports have recommended surgical treatment for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). However, MRONJ is more likely to occur in older patients with poor general condition and often necessitates extensive surgery, such as segmental mandibulectomy. The purpose of this study was to investigate treatment outcome of patients with MRONJ undergoing segmental mandibulectomy.

This retrospective study included 137 patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the lower jaw who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital between 2011 and 2019. A total of 168 surgeries (155 marginal mandibulectomies and 13 segmental mandibulectomies) were performed. The relationship between clinical and imaging factors and the treatment outcome was investigated in the segmental mandibulectomy cases.

Preoperative computed tomography (CT) showed osteolytic lesions in 13/13, periosteal reaction (PR) in 12/13, and osteosclerosis in 12/13 cases of segmental mandibulectomy. On postoperative CT, no resid.
Graft bone maturation and remodeling in the maxillary sinus require adequate angiogenesis and osteoprogenitor cells migration from the surrounding bony walls and Schneiderian membrane. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of anatomical factors related to maxillary sinus on the outcomes of transcrestal sinus floor elevation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Forty-five patients (63 elevated sites) were included in this study. CBCT were obtained preoperatively, immediately and 6 months after surgery. The anatomical features of residual bone height, maxillary sinus width, maxillary sinus angle and Schneiderian membrane thickness were measured on preoperative CBCT. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were conducted to evaluate the influence of anatomical factors on outcome parameters, including sinus lift height, graft bone resorption and marginal bone loss.

The results showed that there was a positive correlation between sinus width and graft bone resorption. A significantly positive correlation between sinus angle and graft bone resorption was also found.

Our findings indicate that the anatomical factors of maxillary sinus (sinus width and sinus angle) have influence on the linear change of bone grafts after transcrestal sinus floor elevation.
Our findings indicate that the anatomical factors of maxillary sinus (sinus width and sinus angle) have influence on the linear change of bone grafts after transcrestal sinus floor elevation.
Gold metal technology improves flexibility and the resistance to cyclic fatigue of the endodontic mechanical files. This study compared the performance of ProTaper Gold (PTG) multiple file system and WaveOne Gold (WOG) single file system in simulated S-shaped root canals, which represents one of the most challenging root canal morphology.

Forty S-shaped canals (n=20 canals/per group) in resin blocks were instrumented to an apical size of 0.25mm using PTG and WOG Primary, respectively. The total amount of resin removal, canal transportation, centering ratio, and the degree of canal straightening were measured in Photoshop CS6 software. Statistical analysis was performed by using Mann-Whitney U-test (
=.05).

None of the files fractured during the instrumentation. The WOG group removed significantly less amount of resin at 0, 3, 6, 7 and 9mm from the apex (
<.05). The WOG group remained more centered in canals at 0mm from the apex (
<.05). The PTG group showed a better centering ability and less canal transportation at 4, 5 and 6mm from the apex (
<.05). In the coronal curvature portion, the use of WOG Primary significantly decreased curvature angle and increased radius compared with PTG instruments (
<.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the apical curvature angle and radius change (
>.05).

The WOG Primary file has a less aggressive dentin cutting and more centered apical preparation. The PTG system is more advantageous in shaping the coronal curvature of S-shaped canal.
The WOG Primary file has a less aggressive dentin cutting and more centered apical preparation. The PTG system is more advantageous in shaping the coronal curvature of S-shaped canal.
Conditioned media of cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) contain numerous kinds of secretomes such as cytokines and chemokines. We previously reported that conditioned media of bone marrow-derived MSCs (MSC-CM) promote bone formation. Recently, macrophage phenotype switching from the pro-inflammatory M1 type to the anti-inflammatory M2 type has been reported to be an important phenomenon during tissue regeneration. Some studies reported that this phenotype switching is regulated by secretomes. In this study, macrophage phenotype during bone formation by MSC-CM was investigated.

Human MSCs (hMSCs) were cultured in serum-free medium and the collected medium was defined as MSC-CM. Macrophage-related gene expressions in hMSCs cultured with MSC-CM were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. MSC-CM was implanted and the evaluations by micro-CT and immunohistochemistry were performed using a rat the calvaria bone defect model.

Two and four weeks after implantation, the MSC-CM group demonstrated enhanced bone regeneration. Gene expressions of
and
was significantly upregulated in cells exposed to MSC-CM. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that iNOS-positive M1 macrophages were reduced, while CD204-positive M2 macrophages were increased in the MSC-CM group at 72h after implantation, and the M2/M1 ratio increased only in the MSC-CM group.

MSC-CM enhances macrophage migration and induces M1 to M2 type macrophage switching at an early stage of osteogenesis. Such phenotype switching provides a favorable environment for angiogenesis, cellular migration, and osteogenesis and contributes to MSC-CM-induced early bone formation.
MSC-CM enhances macrophage migration and induces M1 to M2 type macrophage switching at an early stage of osteogenesis. Such phenotype switching provides a favorable environment for angiogenesis, cellular migration, and osteogenesis and contributes to MSC-CM-induced early bone formation.
Tooth movement that is achieved using orthodontic mechanical principles relies on bone resorption which takes place on the compression side via osteoclasts. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has been known to affect osteoclast formation in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is one of the mediators of angiogenesis, also plays an important role in OTM by inducing vascular permeability and chemotaxis of osteoclast precursors. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of TNF-α on VEGF expression during OTM.

In order to demonstrate the effect of TNF-α on VEGF expression during OTM, a nickel titanium closed coil spring was fixed to the upper left first molar and the alveolar bone beneath the upper incisors of both wild type (WT) and TNF receptors (TNFRs) deficient mice resulting in a mesial movement of the molar for 12 days. The maxilla was removed for histological analysis and real-time RCR analysis of VEGF expression.

Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that there were fewer VEGF-positive cells in the periodontal membrane on the mesial side of the distobuccal root in TNFRs-deficient mice than that in WT mice during the OTM for 12 days. Furthermore, expression of VEGF mRNA is lower level in TNFRs-deficient mice than that in WT mice.

Our results indicate that TNF-α plays an important role in VEGF expression during tooth movement.
Our results indicate that TNF-α plays an important role in VEGF expression during tooth movement.
Humic acid (HA) could promote light conversion reaction, and lasers accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. We investigated the effect of HA, as a photosensitizer, combined with low-energy laser on orthodontic tooth movement in rats.

An orthodontic tooth movement model was established, and the upper left first molar was moved mesially by a nickel-titanium tension spring with a 50-g force. HA was injected into the rats' abdominal cavity (80mg/kg once daily). The periodontal tissue of the upper left upper first molar on the pressure side was irradiated (50s once every 2 days) using a semiconductor laser (wavelength, 650nm; power, 50mV). Distance moved by the upper left first molar was measured at different time points, and the tissue of the first molar was sectioned and scanned by micro-computed tomography to evaluate the alveolar bone density. Tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase staining was used to observe the osteoclast number, alveolar bone, and periodontal tissue.

HA alone did not significantly affect orthodontic tooth movement, alveolar structure density, or periodontal tissue remodeling (P>0.05). HA combined with a low-energy laser accelerated orthodontic tooth movement. The number of bone absorption lacunae and osteoclasts on the alveolar bone's pressure side increased significantly (P<0.05), while the density decreased significantly (P<0.05); however, no root absorption was observed.

HA can improve the conversion rate of low-energy lasers, enhance the low-energy laser effect, and promote orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal tissue reconstruction on the pressure side in rats, without causing root resorption.
HA can improve the conversion rate of low-energy lasers, enhance the low-energy laser effect, and promote orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal tissue reconstruction on the pressure side in rats, without causing root resorption.
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic condition presenting as intraoral burning or dysesthesia, with a high preponderance in menopausal women. link3 This study aimed to examine the association between somatosensory dysfunction and BMS in premenopausal, early postmenopausal, and late postmenopausal patients, using a standardized Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) protocol, and to determine the predictive value of thermal or mechanical perception by QST for detecting BMS.

An observational case-control study was performed with 36 female participants with BMS (12 premenopausal, 10 early postmenopausal, and 14 late postmenopausal) and 42 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (21 premenopausal, 10 early postmenopausal, and 11 late postmenopausal). Neurophysiological tests were used to evaluate somatosensory dysfunction at the tongue.

Z-score in the late postmenopausal BMS group revealed a gain of function for the cold pain threshold and heat pain threshold (Z=2.08 and 3.38, respectively). In the multiple regression analysis with the Visual Analog Scale as the dependent variable, the vibration detection threshold predicted the severity of burning mouth sensation in the premenopausal group.

Late postmenopausal patients with BMS showed an increased response of the tongue to noxious thermal stimuli. This supports the theory that changes in sex hormones may affect trigeminal somatosensory function, particularly during the late postmenopausal stage in patients with BMS.
Late postmenopausal patients with BMS showed an increased response of the tongue to noxious thermal stimuli. This supports the theory that changes in sex hormones may affect trigeminal somatosensory function, particularly during the late postmenopausal stage in patients with BMS.
Tooth brushing, material mechanical ageing procedure, is the most effective way in removing biofilm. The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface roughness, fluoride-release, and S. mutans biofilm formation on various tooth-colored restorative materials before and after brushing.

Discs of materials, a nanocomposite (Filtek Z350XT; CO), a giomer (Beautifil II; GIOMER), a resin-modified glass-ionomer material (Fuji II LC; RMGI), and a conventional glass-ionomer material (Fuji IX GP Extra; GI), were prepared, polished with abrasive discs (SofLex), and divided into brushed and not brushed groups. The surface roughness of specimens was observed using a contact profilometer, fluoride-release was measured using a fluoride-specific ion electrode, and S. mutans biofilm formation, biovolume and live/dead cells, was observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope.

Higher roughness was observed on GI and RMGI than on CO and GIOMER. Brushing had no effect on the roughness. The fluoride-release of GI and RMGI was higher than that of GIOMER. The fluoride-release decreased after brushing in all materials. The biovolume of S. mutans was not significantly different between GIOMER, RMGI and GI, while CO showed the highest. Brushing resulted in a higher biovolume for all materials, except CO, which showed no change. After brushing, all the tested materials demonstrated identical biovolumes. There were no significant differences in live/dead cells among all groups.

Brushing demonstrated a negative effect on the fluoride-release and biovolume of S. mutans biofilms for all tested materials except nanocomposites.
Brushing demonstrated a negative effect on the fluoride-release and biovolume of S. mutans biofilms for all tested materials except nanocomposites.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant neoplasm of the head and neck. This study aims to use integrated bioinformatics technologies to develop a predictive miRNA-signature correlated with the prognosis of NPC.

Initially, the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in NPC were identified, and then DEMs related to the prognosis of NPC were further screened. Subsequently, the relatively important DEMs identified by random forest algorithm were used to construct a predictive signature by multivariate COX regression analysis. Moreover, PCA, Kaplan-Meier analysis, time-dependent ROC analysis, and univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis were performed to evaluate the ability of the signature in risk identification and prognosis prediction in NPC.

Hsa-miR-29c, hsa-miR-30e and hsa-miR-93 were selected from DEMs to construct a signature, and their abnormal expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis of NPC. The average AUC values of 1- to 5-year OS, DFS and DMFS predicted by the signature were all above 0.
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