Notes

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Charantadiol A, Isolated through Crazy Sour Melons Leaf, on Heat-Inactivated Porphyromonas gingivalis-Stimulated THP-1 Monocytes and a Periodontitis Computer mouse Model.
The secondary outcomes include changes in the activity of daily living scale, effective rate and the incidences of adverse events. The selection of studies, data extraction and risk of bias assessment will be carried out by two independent reviewers. Review Manager V.5.3 software will be used for statistical analyses. Heterogeneity test, data synthesis and subgroup analysis will be performed if necessary. The risk of bias of included studies will be assessed by the Cochrane Handbook risk of bias tool. Evidence quality will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is not required as no private information from individuals are collected. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated in relevant conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018112657. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVES Limited understanding of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), coupled with negative public discourse, are significant barriers to its introduction. What works to support PrEP awareness and broader HIV literacy among diverse communities in the context of biomedical HIV prevention remains unclear. This article considers how PrEP can be translated across diverse communities and what the HIV literacy challenges might be in the current context of PrEP provision. SETTING We developed an HIV literacy informed community tool to support the roll-out of PrEP in Scotland. We undertook qualitative research with practitioners in urban and rural settings across nine Scottish health boards. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE To examine HIV literacy challenges in the context of PrEP provision. PARTICIPANTS Interviews and focus groups with community (n=19) and clinical (n=13) practitioners working with gay and bisexual men and African communities were undertaken between March and October 2017 concerning PrEP support, stigma and Hl barriers can support more equitable and diverse PrEP community conversations. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify intrauterine growth differences according to infertility treatment compared with spontaneous conception and to describe intrauterine growth trajectories. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING A single primary and tertiary medical centre in Japan. PARTICIPANTS This study included singleton pregnant women with prenatal check-ups and delivery at the University of Yamanashi Hospital between 1 July 2012 and 30 September 2017. Patients were divided into four groups spontaneous conception, infertility treatment without assisted reproductive technology (ART), fresh-embryo transfer and frozen embryo transfer (FET). INTERVENTIONS Differences in intrauterine growth according to the infertility treatment, including ART, and birth weight were evaluated. Multilevel analysis was employed to evaluate intrauterine growth trajectories stratified by the sex of the offspring. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Estimated fetal weight (EFW) assessed by ultrasound examination. RESULTS We assessed duses. Our findings require further prospective research to examine the effect of infertility treatment on fetal growth. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common and heterogeneous disease. Using advanced analytic approaches to explore real-world data may identify different disease characteristics, responses to treatment and progression patterns. Insulin glargine 300 units/mL (Gla-300) is a second-generation basal insulin analogue with preserved glucose-lowering efficacy but reduced risk of hypoglycaemia. The purpose of the REALI pooled analysis described in this paper is to advance the understanding of the effectiveness and real-world safety of Gla-300 based on a large European patient database of postmarketing interventional and observational studies. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In the current round of pooling, REALI will include data from up to 10 000 subjects with diabetes mellitus (mostly T2DM) from 20 European countries. Outcomes of interest include change from baseline to week 24 in haemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose, self-measured plasma glucose, body weight, insulin dose, incidence and rate of any-time-of-re analysed. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVES To compare the prevalence of different insomnia subtypes among middle-aged adults from Europe and Australia and to explore the cross-sectional relationship between insomnia subtypes, respiratory symptoms and lung function. DESIGN Cross-sectional population-based, multicentre cohort study. SETTING 23 centres in 10 European countries and Australia. METHODS We included 5800 participants in the third follow-up of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey III (ECRHS III) who answered three questions on insomnia symptoms difficulties falling asleep (initial insomnia), waking up often during the night (middle insomnia) and waking up early in the morning and not being able to fall back asleep (late insomnia). They also answered questions on smoking, general health and chronic diseases and had the following lung function measurements forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and the FEV1/FVC ratio. Changes in lung function since ECRHS I about 20 years earlier were also analy associated with respiratory symptoms, and initial insomnia is also associated with lower FEV1. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between developmental health and neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) in kindergarten children with disabilities. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using population-level database of children's developmental health at school entry (2002-2014). SETTING 12 of 13 Canadian provinces/territories. MEASURES Taxfiler and Census data between 2005 and 2006, respectively, were aggregated according to custom-created neighbourhood boundaries and used to create an index of neighbourhood-level SES. Developmental health outcomes were measured for 29 520 children with disabilities using the Early Development Instrument (EDI), a teacher-completed measure of developmental health across five domains. ANALYSIS Hierarchical generalised linear models were used to test the association between neighbourhood-level SES and developmental health. RESULTS All EDI domains were positively correlated with the neighbourhood-level SES index. The strongest association was observed for the language and cognitive development domain (β (SE) 0.29 (0.02)) and the weakest association was observed for the emotional maturity domain (β (SE) 0.12 (0.01)). CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of differences observed in EDI scores across neighbourhoods at the 5th and 95th percentiles are similar to the effects of more established predictors of development, such as sex. The association of SES with developmental outcomes in this population may present a potential opportunity for policy interventions to improve immediate and long-term outcomes. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVES The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all pediatricians screen for social determinants of health to identify families in need and connect them to available resources. We examined pediatric residents' screening practices for social needs in different clinical settings and explored the influence of electronic health record (EHR) prompts on screening. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, pediatric residents participated in a brief electronic survey assessing (1) screening practices for unmet social needs and (2) perceived barriers to and facilitators of routine screening in the inpatient and outpatient settings. The differences in screening by care setting were assessed by using Fisher's exact test. Calpeptin order Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to examine the association between EHR prompts and resident screening practices. RESULTS Ninety-two pediatric residents (64% of the residency program) responded to the survey. Respondents reported significantly higher rates of social needs screening in the outpatient as compared with the inpatient setting (98% vs 37%; P less then .001). Residents cited time constraints, lack of knowledge about available resources, and discomfort with screening questions as barriers to screening in both settings. Residents were more likely to screen for social needs when screening questions were embedded in the EHR (odds ratio = 9.6; 95% confidence interval 6.7-13.9). CONCLUSIONS Pediatric residents were more likely to screen for unmet social needs in the outpatient than in the inpatient setting despite reporting similar barriers to screening in both settings. EHR-based social needs screening templates could be used to increase rates of screening and reach additional families in need. Copyright © 2020 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are now routinely used in multiple cancers but may induce autoimmune-like side effects known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Although classical autoimmune diseases have well-known risk factors, including age, gender, and seasonality, the clinical factors that lead to irAEs are not well-defined. To explore these questions, we assessed 455 patients with advanced melanoma treated with ICI at our center and a large pharmacovigilance database (Vigibase). We found that younger age was associated with a similar rate of any irAEs but more frequent severe irAEs and more hospitalizations (OR 0.97 per year). Paradoxically, however, older patients had more deaths and increased length of stay when hospitalized. This was partially due to a distinct toxicity profile colitis and hepatitis were more common in younger patients, whereas myocarditis and pneumonitis had an older age distribution both in our center and in Vigibase. This pattern was particularly apparent with combination checkpoint blockade with ipilimumab and nivolumab. We did not find a link between gender or seasonality on development of irAEs in univariate or multivariate analyses, although winter hospitalizations were associated with marginally increased length of stay. This study identifies age-specific associations of irAEs. Copyright ©2020, American Association for Cancer Research.Proneural-to-mesenchymal transition (PMT) is a common process in glioblastoma (GBM) progression that leads to increased radiotherapy resistance. However, the mechanism underlying PMT is poorly understood. Here, we found that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) triggered PMT in glioma stem cells (GSCs) via small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). sEVs from monocyte-derived macrophages transferred miR-27a-3p, miR-22-3p and miR-221-3p to GSCs, and these microRNAs (miRs) promoted several mesenchymal (MES) phenotypes in proneural(PN) GSCs by simultaneously targeting CHD7. We found that CHD7 played a critical role in the maintenance of the PN phenotype and CHD7 knockdown significantly promoted PMT in GSCs via the RelB/P50 and p-STAT3 pathways. The induction of PMT by sEVs containing miR-27a-3p, miR-22-3p and miR-221-3p in a xenograft nude mouse model exacerbated radiotherapy resistance and thus decreased the benefits of radiotherapy. Collectively, these findings identified macrophage-derived sEVs (MDEs) as key regulators of PMT in GSCs and demonstrated that CHD7 is a novel inhibitor of PMT.
My Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/calpeptin.html