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Genomic along with transcriptomic dissection involving Theionarchaea inside underwater habitat.
Abnormal thyroid function after thyroidectomy and subsequent thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression can have detrimental effects on glucose homeostasis in thyroid cancer patients.

To investigate whether thyroidectomy increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in thyroid cancer patients and to explore the association between levothyroxine dosage and type 2 diabetes risk.

A retrospective population-based cohort study.

The Korean National Health Insurance database.

We included 36,377 thyroid cancer patients without known diabetes who underwent thyroidectomy between 2004 and 2013. Matched non-thyroid cancer subjects were selected using 11 propensity score matching.

Newly developed type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Thyroid cancer patients who underwent thyroidectomy had a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus than the matched controls (hazard ratio [HR] 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39-1.47). Among thyroid cancer patients, when the second quartile group (in terms of the mean levothyroxine dosage; 101-127 μg/day) was considered the reference group, the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus increased in the first quartile (<101 μg/day; HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.36-1.54) and fourth quartile groups (≥150 μg/day; HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.29-1.45); meanwhile, the risk decreased in the third quartile group (128-149 μg/day; HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.97).

Thyroid cancer patients who underwent thyroidectomy were more likely to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus than the matched controls. There was a U-shaped dose-dependent relationship between the levothyroxine dosage and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk.
Thyroid cancer patients who underwent thyroidectomy were more likely to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus than the matched controls. There was a U-shaped dose-dependent relationship between the levothyroxine dosage and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk.
Insomnia is an increasingly recognized major symptom of breast cancer which can seriously disrupt the quality of life during and many years after treatment. Sleep problems have also been linked with survival in women with breast cancer. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of insomnia in breast cancers survivors, clarify the clinical characteristics of their sleep difficulties and use machine learning techniques to explore clinical insights.

Our analysis of data, obtained in a nationwide questionnaire survey of breast cancer survivors in Japan, revealed a prevalence of suspected insomnia of 37.5%. With the clinical data obtained, we then used machine learning algorithms to develop a classifier that predicts comorbid insomnia. MK-8719 clinical trial The performance of the prediction model was evaluated using 8-fold cross-validation.

When using optimal hyperparameters, the L2 penalized logistic regression model and the XGBoost model provided predictive accuracy of 71.5 and 70.6% for the presence of suspected insomnia, with areas under the curve of 0.76 and 0.75, respectively. Population segments with high risk of insomnia were also extracted using the RuleFit algorithm. We found that cancer-related fatigue is a predictor of insomnia in breast cancer survivors.

The high prevalence of sleep problems and its link with mortality warrants routine screening. Our novel predictive model using a machine learning approach offers clinically important insights for the early detection of comorbid insomnia and intervention in breast cancer survivors.
The high prevalence of sleep problems and its link with mortality warrants routine screening. Our novel predictive model using a machine learning approach offers clinically important insights for the early detection of comorbid insomnia and intervention in breast cancer survivors.
Severe osteodystrophy is common in patients with liver dysfunction. Markers of bone metabolism may help in early diagnosis of osteodystrophy and in understanding underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

To elucidate changes in bone metabolism associated with cirrhosis and to determine the route of elimination for the markers.

Case-control study.

Public university hospital.

Fifty-nine patients with cirrhosis (47 alcoholic and 12 non-alcoholic cirrhosis), 20 controls.

Participants underwent catheterization of the femoral artery, and the hepatic, kidney and femoral veins with collection of blood from all four sites.

Regional arterio-venous differences in concentrations of bone metabolism markers were determined procollagen of type I collagen propeptide (PINP), C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), osteocalcin (OC), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAcP5b), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and sclerostin and correlated with degree of disease (Child-Pugh Classification).

PINP concentration was higher (median 87.9 µg/L) in patients with cirrhosis than in controls (52.6 µg/L)(p=0.001), while hepatic extraction was lower 4.3% vs. 14.5% (p<0.001). Both CTX and TRAcP5b were higher in cirrhotic patients (340ng/L and 3.20 U/L) than in controls (215ng/L and 1.60 U/L)(p<0.001 and p<0.0001). Hepatic sclerostin extraction was lower in cirrhotics (14.6%) than in controls (28.7%)(p<0.0001). In both groups OPG showed a hepatic release rate (production) of 6%.

Patients with cirrhosis have increased bone resorption, but unaltered bone formation. link2 Sclerostin is eliminated through the liver while OPG is produced in the liver. Bone markers may prove useful in evaluating bone turnover in cirrhosis patients.
Patients with cirrhosis have increased bone resorption, but unaltered bone formation. Sclerostin is eliminated through the liver while OPG is produced in the liver. Bone markers may prove useful in evaluating bone turnover in cirrhosis patients.
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) are the most sever disease causing irreversible infertility in female and male respectively. The contribution of synaptonemal complex (SC) genes variations in the pathogenesis of sporadic patients with POI and NOA has not been systematically illustrated.

To investigate the role of SC genes in the pathogenesis of sporadic POI and NOA.

Genetic and functional study.

University-based reproductive medicine center.

A total of 1,030 patients with sporadic POI and 400 patients with sporadic NOA.

The variations of SC genes were filtered in the in-house database of whole exome sequencing performed in 1,030 patients with sporadic POI and 400 patients with sporadic NOA. The pathogenic or likely pathogenic variations following recessive inheritance mode were selected according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The pathogenic effects of the variations were verified by functional studies.

ACMG classification and functional characteristics.

Two homozygous variations of C14ORF39 and two recessive variations of SYCE1 were firstly identified in sporadic patients with POI and NOA respectively. Functional studies showed the C14ORF39 variations significantly accelerated the protein degradation, and the variations in SYCE1 disrupted its interaction with SYCP1 or C14ORF39, both of which affected SC assembly and meiosis.

Our study identified novel pathogenic variations of C14ORF39 and SYCE1 in sporadic patients with POI or NOA, highlighting the essential role of SC genes in the maintenance of ovarian and testicular function.
Our study identified novel pathogenic variations of C14ORF39 and SYCE1 in sporadic patients with POI or NOA, highlighting the essential role of SC genes in the maintenance of ovarian and testicular function.Skin graft surgery is a standard treatment that increases the survival rate of patients with burn injuries; however, it leaves many sequelae. Conventional external preparations for the treatment of burns also have various side effects. In this retrospective case study, we assessed the cases of four patients with topical third-degree burns who did not wish to undergo the skin graft surgeries recommended by medical doctors and were thus treated using traditional medicine alone. A Korean medicine doctor administered integrative traditional medicine treatment to the patients using acupuncture and herbal ointments. Analysis of the patients' treatment photographs, quantitative evaluation indices, and vivid narratives suggested that their skin recovered well without adverse effects. Traditional Korean medicine treatment, including acupuncture and herbal ointment treatment, can be a new alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with topical burns who do not want to undergo skin graft surgery or who have higher risks for poor surgical outcomes.
Electronic health records (EHR) are commonly used for the identification of novel risk factors for disease, often referred to as an association study. A major challenge to EHR-based association studies is phenotyping error in EHR-derived outcomes. A manual chart review of phenotypes is necessary for unbiased evaluation of risk factor associations. However, this process is time-consuming and expensive. link3 The objective of this paper is to develop an outcome-dependent sampling approach for designing manual chart review, where EHR-derived phenotypes can be used to guide the selection of charts to be reviewed in order to maximize statistical efficiency in the subsequent estimation of risk factor associations.

After applying outcome-dependent sampling, an augmented estimator can be constructed by optimally combining the chart-reviewed phenotypes from the selected patients with the error-prone EHR-derived phenotype. We conducted simulation studies to evaluate the proposed method and applied our method to data on cefficiency.

The proposed method not only optimally combines phenotypes from chart review with EHR-derived phenotypes but also suggests an efficient design for conducting chart review, with the goal of improving the efficiency of estimated risk factor associations using EHR data.
The proposed method not only optimally combines phenotypes from chart review with EHR-derived phenotypes but also suggests an efficient design for conducting chart review, with the goal of improving the efficiency of estimated risk factor associations using EHR data.
Bile acids (BA) are known for their role in intestinal lipid absorption, and can also play a role as signaling molecules to control energy metabolism. Prior evidence suggests that alterations in circulating BA levels and in the pool of circulating BA are linked to an increased risk of obesity and a higher incidence of T2D in middle-aged adults.

To investigate the association between plasma levels of BA with cardiometabolic risk factors in a cohort of well-phenotyped relatively healthy young adults.

Body composition, brown adipose tissue, serum classical cardiometabolic risk factors, and a set of 8 plasma BA (including glyco-conjugated forms) in 136 young adults (age 22.1±2.2 years, 67% women) were measured.

Plasma levels of CDCA and GUDCA were higher in men than in women, although these differences disappeared after adjusting for body fat percentage. Furthermore, CA, CDCA, DCA, and GDCA levels were positively, yet weakly associated, with lean body mass levels, while GDCA and GLCA levels were negatively associated with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by brown adipose tissue.
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