Notes

ATP Drives Efficient Terpene Biosynthesis within Sea Thraustochytrids.
Using a theoretical framework is often viewed as laborious or unnecessary for higher degree research projects. However, considering research problems through the lens of a theoretical framework can provide a structure for students to focus their research questions and produce findings that are more likely to address the research problem.

To explain the utility of a theoretical framework and demonstrate the inclusion of a theoretical framework - deterrence theory - in a research project exploring plagiarism in nursing education.

The experiences of a higher degree research student provided insight into the inclusion of a theoretical framework in a research plan. The benefits of this process are highlighted so other students can appreciate the importance of this process to their research plan and findings.

A framework can add value to the overall research plan, from developing the research question through to the analysis and presentation of research findings. Fundamentally, frameworks provide a map for a study, providing a rationale for the development of the research questions or research hypothesis. A theoretical framework brings cohesion to the research project by linking the research questions and providing 'intellectual bins' for data analysis and presentation of research findings.

This article may assist higher degree research students in recognising the benefits of using a theoretical framework and provides an example of a 'real-life' application in a research project. The authors argue that theoretical frameworks can strengthen the likelihood that the research has produced meaningful findings that have addressed the research problem.
This article may assist higher degree research students in recognising the benefits of using a theoretical framework and provides an example of a 'real-life' application in a research project. The authors argue that theoretical frameworks can strengthen the likelihood that the research has produced meaningful findings that have addressed the research problem.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a technique for detecting regional hemodynamic responses associated with neural activation in the cerebral cortex. The absorption changes due to hemodynamic changes in the scalp cause considerable signal contamination in the fNIRS measurement. A method for extracting hemodynamic changes in the cerebral tissue is required for reliable fNIRS measurement.

To exclusively detect cerebral functional hemodynamic changes, we developed an fNIRS technique using reflectance modulation of the scalp surface.

The theoretical feasibility of the proposed method was proven by a simulation calculation of light propagation. Its practical feasibility was evaluated by a phantom experiment and brain activation simulation mimicking human fNIRS experiments.

The simulation calculation revealed that the partial path length of the scalp was changed by reflectance modulation of the scalp surface. The influence of absorption change in the superficial layer was successfully reduced by the proposed method, using only measurement data, in the phantom experiment. The proposed method was applicable to human experiments of standard designs, achieving statistical significance within an acceptable experimental time-frame.

Removal of the scalp hemodynamic effect by the proposed technique will increase the quality of fNIRS data, particularly in measurements in neonates and infants that typically would require a dense optode arrangement.
Removal of the scalp hemodynamic effect by the proposed technique will increase the quality of fNIRS data, particularly in measurements in neonates and infants that typically would require a dense optode arrangement.
Understanding how the valveless embryonic heart pumps blood is essential to elucidate biomechanical cues regulating cardiogenesis, which is important for the advancement of congenital heart defects research. However, methods capable of embryonic cardiac pumping analysis remain limited, and assessing this highly dynamic process in mammalian embryos is challenging. New approaches are critically needed to address this hurdle.

We report an imaging-based approach for functional assessment of localized pumping dynamics in the early tubular embryonic mouse heart.

Four-dimensional optical coherence tomography was used to obtain structural and Doppler hemodynamic imaging of the beating heart in live mouse embryos at embryonic day 9.25. The pumping assessment was performed based on the volumetric blood flow rate, flow resistance within the heart tube, and pressure gradient induced by heart wall movements. The relation between the blood flow, the pressure gradient, and the resistance to flow were evaluated throughhanical changes in mutant embryonic hearts that model congenital heart defects.
We present an imaging-based approach that enables localized assessment of pumping dynamics in the mouse tubular embryonic heart. This method creates a new opportunity for functional analysis of the pumping mechanism underlying the developing mammalian heart at early stages and could be useful for studying biomechanical changes in mutant embryonic hearts that model congenital heart defects.
To design and synthesize folate-modified pH-responsive chitosan-based nanomicelles and investigate the
anti-tumor activity of the drug-loaded micelles.

CHI-DMA was obtained by reductive amination reaction of aldehyde-based chitosan and hydrophilic amine compounds, and CHI-DMA-LA was obtained by condensation reaction with lauric acid; FA-CHI-DMA-LA was obtained after modification with folic acid (FA). The drug-loaded nanomicelles FA-CHI-DMA-LA/DOX were assembled by solvent change method. The physicochemical properties of polymers were characterized by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance and transmission electron microscope. The particle size and surface potential were determined by dynamic light scattering method. Folic acid access rate, doxorubicin (DOX) loading rate and entrapped efficiency were measured by UV-vis spectrophotometer. The drug release properties of DOX-loaded micelles
were monitored by fluorescence spectrophotometer at different pHs (7.4, 6.5, 5.0). The cytotoxicity against human orafree DOX or CHI-DMA-LA/DOX, FA-CHI-DMA-LA/DOX nanomicelles showed higher cyctoxicity to KB cells, especially the FA-CHI-DMA-LA-2/DOX nanomicelles, the cell survival rate was about 17% after incubation for 24 hours.

FA-modified chitosan-based nanomicelle with good biocompatibility was successfully prepared, which exhibits tumor microenvironmental pH responsive drug release and tumor targeting.
FA-modified chitosan-based nanomicelle with good biocompatibility was successfully prepared, which exhibits tumor microenvironmental pH responsive drug release and tumor targeting.
To provide data support for the study of pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 at the molecular level, and provide suitable candidate targets for vaccine, antibody and drug research and development through comparative analysis for structural characteristics and epitopes of S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV.

Based on the reference sequences of S protein, physical and chemical properties, hydrophobicity, signal peptide, transmembrane region, domain, secondary structure, tertiary structure analysis and antigenic epitopes prediction were carried out. Meanwhile, the tissue expression, related pathways and reactome pathways of angiotensis Ⅰ converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and C-type lectin domain family 4 member M (CLEC4M) receptors were analyzed.

The amino acid sequence of S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV has a 75.80% consistency. The structural characteristics of the two coronaviruses are highly consistent, but the secondary structure and tertiary structure of SARS-CoV-2 is not as obvious as SARS-CoV. ACE2 aes with high reliability can provide reference for virus diagnosis and vaccine development.
To assess the efficacy and safety of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) combined growth hormone in treatment of adolescent boys with short stature.

One hundred and fifty-one short stature pubertal boys with age of 10-14 years and bone age of 13-15 years, who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, were included in this trial. According to their own or parents' intention, the children were divided into recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH)+AI group (
=108) and rhGH group (
=43). All children were injected subcutaneously with rhGH 0.15-0.2 IU·kg
·d
, and those in rhGH+AI group were additionally given 2.5 mg/d letrozole or 1 mg/d anastrozole, orally for 12 months or longer. The children were followed-up every 3 months. During the follow-up visit, the predicted adult height (PAH), sex hormone level, glucose and lipid metabolism, and other indicators were measured, and adverse reactions were monitored.

After intervention, there welay the growth of BA and effectively improve the PAH of adolescent boys with larger bone age. However, the occurrence of adverse reactions of AI should be closely monitored during treatment.
To investigate the relationship of group B
(GBS) colonization in late pregnancy with perinatal outcome.

Pregnant women who underwent antenatal check-up at General Hospital of PLA Eastern Theater Command and the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2016 to December 2018 were enrolled in the study. The vaginal and rectal swab samples were collected for GBS culture at 35-37 weeks of pregnancy. The perinatal outcomes of positive and negative GBS groups were compared. The GBS-positive group samples were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. In GBS positive group the maternal and child perinatal outcomes were compared between pregnant women with antibiotics treatment and those without antibiotics.

A total of 13 000 pregnant women were enrolled, and the overall colonization rate of GBS was 3.65%(475/13 000). The colonization rate of GBS in the vagina was 2.33%(303/13 000), and the colonization rate in the rectum was 1.75%(227/13 000). Through the collection and detection of rrate of GBS is low. The detection of GBS can be significantly improved by supplementing rectal examination. Ceftriaxone, ampicillin and penicillin are currently the drugs of choice for the prevention and treatment of GBS-related diseases. click here GBS infection can increase the incidence of maternal and child complications. The use of antibiotics during labor can improve the outcome of mothers and infants.
The total colonization rate of GBS is low. The detection of GBS can be significantly improved by supplementing rectal examination. Ceftriaxone, ampicillin and penicillin are currently the drugs of choice for the prevention and treatment of GBS-related diseases. GBS infection can increase the incidence of maternal and child complications. The use of antibiotics during labor can improve the outcome of mothers and infants.Nutritional support is an indispensable part in the treatment of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Critically ill COVID-19 patients are often in a state of high inflammation, high stress, high catabolism, and their energy consumption increases significantly. All critically ill patients with COVID-19 should be screened for nutritional risk with NRS-2002 or Nutric tool in the early stage. If there is a risk of malnutrition, subjective global assessment (SGA) or Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) are further used for malnutrition assessment. After assessment, the daily energy, protein, electrolyte and liquid quantity needed by the patients should be determined according to the actual condition. Then, according to the degree of gastrointestinal function impairment in patients, the oral nutrition supplement, enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition or their combination are selected for nutritional support. For patients with normal gastrointestinal function who require prone position ventilation or receive extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment, enteral nutrition is recommended as the first choice.
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