Notes

Variation in the Way of Techniques associated with Care for the Look at Family-Centeredness involving Providers in India.
Mnemonic strategy training (MST) has been shown to improve cognitive performance and increase brain activation in those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, little is known regarding the effects of MST on functional connectivity (FC) at rest. The aim of the present study was to investigate the MST focused on face-name associations effect on resting-state FC in those with MCI.

Twenty-six amnestic MCI participants were randomized in MST (N=14) and Education Program (active control; N=12). Interventions occurred twice a week over two consecutive weeks (ie, four sessions). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was collected at pre- and post-intervention. Regions of interest (ROIs) were selected based on areas that previously showed task-related activation changes after MST. Changes were examined through ROI-to-ROI analysis and significant results were corrected for multiple comparisons.

At post-intervention, only the MST group showed increased FC, whereas the control group showed deced, but also in general innate connectivity. Our results both enhance knowledge about the mechanisms underlying MST effects and may provide neurophysiological evidence of training transfer.
As a multifactorial polygenic disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be associated with complex haplotypes or compound genotypes.

We examined associations of 4960 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) triples, comprising 32 SNPs from five genes in the apolipoprotein E gene (
) region with AD in a sample of 2789 AD-affected and 16,334 unaffected subjects.

We identified a large number of 1127 AD-associated triples, comprising SNPs from all five genes, in support of definitive roles of complex haplotypes in predisposition to AD. These haplotypes may not include the
ε4 and ε2 alleles. For triples with rs429358 or rs7412, which encode these alleles, AD is characterized mainly by strengthening connections of the ε4 allele and weakening connections of the ε2 allele with the other alleles in this region.

Dissecting heterogeneity attributed to AD-associated complex haplotypes in the
region will target more homogeneous polygenic profiles of people at high risk of AD.
Dissecting heterogeneity attributed to AD-associated complex haplotypes in the APOE region will target more homogeneous polygenic profiles of people at high risk of AD.
Amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology is an Alzheimer's disease early hallmark. Here we assess the value of longitudinal self- and informant reports of cognitive decline to predict Aβ positron emission tomography (PET) outcome in cognitively unimpaired middle-aged individuals.

A total of 261 participants from the ALFA+ study underwent [
F]flutemetamol PET and Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire (SCD-Q) concurrently, and 3 years before scan. We used logistic regressions to evaluate the ability of SCD-Q scores (self and informant) to predict Aβ PET visual read, and repeated analysis of variance to assess whether changes in SCD-Q scores relate to Aβ status.

Self-perception of decline in memory (odds ratio [OR]=1.2), and informant perception of executive decline (OR=1.6), increased the probability of a positive scan. Informant reports 3 years before scanning predicted Aβ PET outcome. Longitudinal increase of self-reported executive decline was predictive of Aβ in women (
=.003).

Subjective reports of cognitive decline are useful to predict Aβ and may improve recruitment strategies.
Subjective reports of cognitive decline are useful to predict Aβ and may improve recruitment strategies.
Down syndrome (DS) is associated with elevated risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to amyloid beta (Aβ) lifelong accumulation. We hypothesized that the spatial distribution of brain Aβ predicts future dementia conversion in individuals with DS.

We acquired
F-florbetapir positron emission tomography scans from 19 nondemented individuals with DS at baseline and monitored them for 4 years, with five individuals transitioning to dementia. Machine learning classification using an independent test set determined features on
F-florbetapir standardized uptake value ratio maps that predicted transition.

In addition to "AD signature" regions including the inferior parietal cortex, temporal lobes, and the cingulum, we found that Aβ cortical binding in the prefrontal and superior frontal cortices distinguished subjects who transitioned to dementia. Classification did well in predicting transitioners.

Our study suggests that specific regional profiles of brain amyloid in older adults with DS may predict cognitive decline and are informative in evaluating the risk for dementia.
Our study suggests that specific regional profiles of brain amyloid in older adults with DS may predict cognitive decline and are informative in evaluating the risk for dementia.
The molecular mechanism of neurodegeneration, including tau and neurite complexity, is an important topic in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research.

We recruited 27 amyloid-positive individuals identified through
C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) and 31 amyloid-negative individuals with normal cognition. All participants underwent
C-PiB and
F-THK5351 PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) protocol. BIBR 1532 inhibitor The neurite density index (NDI), orientation dispersion index (ODI), and PET images were analyzed to calculate voxel-wise correlations among the imaging modalities and correlations with cognitions.

In the amyloid-positive participants, there were significant negative correlations between
F-THK5351 and NDI and between
F-THK5351 and ODI. link2 The bilateral mesial and lateral temporal lobes were mainly involved. link3 Regarding cognition,
F-THK5351 showed more marked associations with all cognitive domains than the other modalities.

Tau and neuroinflammation in AD may reduce the neurite density and orientation dispersion, particularly in the mesial and lateral temporal lobes.
Tau and neuroinflammation in AD may reduce the neurite density and orientation dispersion, particularly in the mesial and lateral temporal lobes.
Reserve, resilience, maintenance, and related concepts are intensely debated in aging and Alzheimer's disease research.

Through a short survey, we gathered information about theoretical concepts and methodologies used among research groups of the Reserve, Resilience, and Protective Factors Professional Interest Area of the Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment.

Overall 53 research groups responded. Reserve and resilience were the most frequently used conceptual frameworks. Education, occupation, leisure, and social activities were frequently used as measures, as were longitudinal designs. Neuropsychological assessments were almost universal, and usage of imaging biomarkers was frequent. In observational-epidemiological study designs, resilience and reserve together (vs reserve alone) were commonly used as theoretical frameworks.

We provide a first description of concepts and methodologies used among reserve and resilience researchers. This will inform initiatives aiming to reach consensus on terminology and applications to establish common definitions.
We provide a first description of concepts and methodologies used among reserve and resilience researchers. This will inform initiatives aiming to reach consensus on terminology and applications to establish common definitions.
Virtually all adults with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated neuropathology by the age of 40, with risk for dementia increasing from the early 50s. White matter (WM) pathology has been reported in sporadic AD, including early demyelination, microglial activation, loss of oligodendrocytes and reactive astrocytes but has not been extensively studied in the at-risk DS population.

Fifty-six adults with DS (35 cognitively stable adults, 11 with mild cognitive impairment, 10 with dementia) underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), amyloid imaging, and had assessments of cognition and functional abilities using tasks appropriate for persons with intellectual disability.

Early changes in late-myelinating and relative sparing of early-myelinating pathways, consistent with the retrogenesis model proposed for sporadic AD, were associated with AD-related cognitive deficits and with regional amyloid deposition.

Our findings suggest that quantification of WM changes in DS could provide a promising and clinically relevant biomarker for AD clinical onset and progression.
Our findings suggest that quantification of WM changes in DS could provide a promising and clinically relevant biomarker for AD clinical onset and progression.Prior research has illustrated the importance of some types of local community crime for adolescents' outcomes. However, we have little knowledge about the extent to which gun homicides within adolescents' neighborhoods affect their mental health and behavioral outcomes. This is important because local gun homicide incidents may be uniquely harmful for adolescents and their association with adolescents' mental health and behavior may represent an underappreciated externality of the U.S.'s gun violence epidemic. In this study, we used data on the geocoded location of gun homicides linked with restricted Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study data to examine whether gun homicides incidents near adolescents' homes and/or schools were associated with their mental health and behavioral outcomes. We found that the occurrence of a gun homicide near an adolescent's home or school was associated with significantly worse symptoms of anxiety and depression for girls and, in some cases, with symptoms of anxiety for boys. We further found that these relationships varied depending on the distance of gun homicide incidents to homes and schools.At the population level, those with more education tend to report better sleep, mirroring the education gradient found in other health outcomes. But research has shown that higher educational attainment does not always confer the same health benefits for Non-Hispanic Black (Black) and Hispanic adults as it does for Non-Hispanic White (White) adults. It is therefore possible that the educational gradient in sleep varies across racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Using the 2004-2018 National Health Interview Survey (N = 356,048), we examined differences in self-reported sleep duration and sleep quality by level of educational attainment and race/ethnicity. Utilizing multinomial (sleep duration) and negative binomial (times in the past week with difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep) regression models, we found that, compared to their less educated counterparts, college or more educated Whites were more likely to report ideal sleep compared to short or long sleep, and also reported fewer times with difficulty falling or staying asleep. The education-sleep association was generally reversed for Black and Hispanic adults, with the worst sleep being reported by those with college-level education. These patterns remained after adjusting for health behaviors, health outcomes, and socioeconomic status. Our study suggests that education does not yield the same protective benefit for sleep among Black and Hispanic adults as it does for White adults, and that highly educated Black and Hispanic adults in particular experience a sleep disadvantage. The differential education gradient in sleep may, therefore, be an important factor underlying current racial and ethnic health disparities.
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