Notes

Nonlinear vibrant cycle reaction standardization simply by digital camera holographic microscopy.
The study conducted shows the beneficial effects of green tea in providing a alkaline environment, which is conducive to the oral health of children.
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been widely accepted and used in dentistry owing to its working characteristics, aesthetics and stability in the oral environment, ease in manipulation, and inexpensive processing methods and equipment.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the flexural strength of a high-impact PMMA denture base resin material and flexural strength of a commonly available heat cure PMMA denture base material with Kevlar, glass, and nylon fibers.

The test samples were studied under two groups. The Group I (control group) comprised pre-reinforced PMMA (Lucitone 199; Dentsply Sirona Prosthetics, York, Pennsylvania, USA) consisting of 12 samples and second group comprised regular PMMA (DPI, Mumbai, India) reinforced with different fibers. The second test group was further divided into three subgroups as Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 comprising 12 samples each designated by the letters a-l. All the samples were marked on both ends. A total of 48 samples were tested. Results were analyzed and any
value ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant (
test).

All the 48 specimens were subjected to a 3-point bending test on a universal testing machine (MultiTest 10-i, Sterling, VA, USA) at a cross-head rate of 2 mm/min. A load was applied on each specimen by a centrally located rod until fracture occurred; span length taken was 50 mm. Flexural strength was then calculated.

Reinforcement of conventional denture base resin with nylon and glass fibers showed statistical significance in the flexural strength values when compared to unreinforced high impact of denture base resin.
Reinforcement of conventional denture base resin with nylon and glass fibers showed statistical significance in the flexural strength values when compared to unreinforced high impact of denture base resin.Reconstruction of craniofacial bony defects has always been a challenging task for the surgeons over the years. The science of reconstructing such defects is of at most importance to craniofacial and plastic surgeons due to its relevance in facial aesthetics function as well as prerequisite procedure for continuing other surgical procedures. The main goal of the reconstruction of the craniofacial defects is to reduce the morbidity by restoring the facial form and aesthetics, as well as a good function of the facial structures by achieving a reasonable occlusion and articulation. Although significant improvements have occurred during the last few decades, challenges still exist as to what type of reconstruction to be carried out with regard to techniques and the type and quality of materials of choice to be used. As decades progressed, the advancement in surgical techniques and the variety of reconstruction methods have definitely improved the quality of life. This article reviews the method of bony reconstruction of craniofacial defects using autologous human bone marrow stem cells and autologous bone grafts and its modification, which includes much recent tissue engineering techniques and regenerative medicine, thereby replacing older techniques by biological substitutes, which can restore improve and maintain orofacial function and aesthetics.
The aim of this study was to evaluate candidal parameters in the oral cavity of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

The samples included in the study were divided into two groups group A, comprises 50 patients with type 2 DM, and group B, comprises 30 subjects who were nondiabetic. selleck kinase inhibitor A nonrandom consecutive sampling technique was used to enroll the subjects for the study. The χ2 test was used to examine the characteristics of the samples.

The results found that there is a significant difference in saliva and swab for
growth between patients with type 2 DM and normal healthy individuals. Swab had shown slightly more
growth than saliva in group A (type 2 DM). No significant variation in Candida growth was found.
was seen in normal healthy individuals alone. In antifungal susceptibility pattern to various antifungal agents,
has shown a significant result for various antifungal agents whereas
and
did not show any significant result for various antifungal agents used in group A (patients with type 2 DM).

Diabetic individuals who are prone to a hyperglycemic state favors the growth and establishment of
species. Although a smaller percentage of multidrug-resistant
species has been observed in the saliva of patients with type 2 DM.
Diabetic individuals who are prone to a hyperglycemic state favors the growth and establishment of Candida species. Although a smaller percentage of multidrug-resistant Candida species has been observed in the saliva of patients with type 2 DM.
The aim of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of survivin in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and evaluate its prognostic significance among oral leukoplakia (OL), oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), and oral lichen planus (OLP).

The study material consisted of 60 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples 15 cases each of OL, OSMF, OLP, and normal oral mucosal epithelium as control. Survivin expression was analyzed immunohistochemically, and data analysis was accomplished using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Fisher's chi-square test was opted to compare the study groups.

Survivin was expressed in all the OPMDs including OL, OSMF, and OLP, but was absent in normal oral tissue samples. Higher immunoreactivity and survivin staining was observed in OLP compared to OL and OSMF whereas OL showed a significant difference in the distribution of survivin immunoexpression against OLP. An increased nuclear expression of survivin along with distribution in the basal and parabasal layers was evident in all OPMDs.

Survivin was expressed more in OLP in comparison to OSMF and OLP, indicating unfavorable prognosis. OL showed increased expression in comparison to OSMF, showing unfavorable prognosis. On the basis of this study, it was concluded that survivin may be used as an important diagnostic and prognostic marker for OPMDs.
Survivin was expressed more in OLP in comparison to OSMF and OLP, indicating unfavorable prognosis. OL showed increased expression in comparison to OSMF, showing unfavorable prognosis. On the basis of this study, it was concluded that survivin may be used as an important diagnostic and prognostic marker for OPMDs.
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