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Furthermore, 9 and 2 samples are not suitable for drinking by adults. The results show that children are more vulnerable than adults to these health risks. The non-carcinogenic risks through dermal contact were negligible.A large proportion of residents in urban centers of low- and middle-income countries live in low-socioeconomic neighborhoods called "slums" characterized by low-cost housings of high population density, poor ventilation, and likely poor air quality. This study provides the first quantitative assessment of spatial and seasonal variation of outdoor BC and PM2.5 concentrations in several densely populated slums of Mumbai, India. Mobile outdoor real-time BC and PM2.5 monitoring was conducted along pre-designed monitoring routes in seven slums in Mumbai during the summer (May-June 2015 and May 2016) and repeated in four of them during the winter (February 2016). The measurements were repeated on the routes during different hours and days to account for the temporal variability of air pollution (nsummer = 80 trips; nwinter = 48 trips). PM2.5 exhibited homogenous distribution inside each slum (coefficient of divergence (COD) = 0.11-0.23), while BC varied significantly showing increasing concentrations with proximitynefits.Graphical abstract.This study aimed to evaluate possible synergistic interactions on antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacy of clove and cinnamon oil components in combination and characterization of compounds responsible for synergistic interactions using TLC bioautography followed by checkerboard titration, isobologram analysis, and spectrometric characterization. Among the combinations tested, cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon oil and eugenol from clove oil in combination showed a synergistic antimicrobial interaction against foodborne microbes Listeria monocytogenes (fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) 0.31), Salmonella typhimurium (FICI 0.41), and Aspergillus niger (FICI 0.48), and synergistic antioxidant efficacy (combination index 0.78) in in vitro model. Cinnamaldehyde/eugenol blend did not show any cytotoxic effect (IC50 > 1000 μg/ml) in human normal keratinocyte cell line. The results provide evidence that the cinnamaldehyde/eugenol blend may help in designing a more potent novel natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agent in food and pharmaceutical industries.The article presents the results of assessing the element mobility (chemical elements and compounds) from the copper smelting slag recycling waste into brown forest soils (Haplic Cambisols) of the southern taiga district in Middle Urals, Russia. The copper smelting slag recycling waste was obtained by crushing the cast slag of the Sredneuralskiy Smelter ("technical sand") followed by flotation extraction of copper concentrate. The investigations were carried out in two forest types, distinguished according to the principles of the genetic forest typology, cowberry shrub pine forest and berry pine forest with linden, and the corresponding clear-cuttings. We conducted the experiment in the autumn before the snow cover was established in two variants (i) we evenly scattered 1 kg of waste on meter sample plots; (ii) we weighed the "technical sand" by 100 g, packed it in non-woven material and buried it in the soil to a depth of 7-10 cm. Two years later, we dug up the bags with waste and weighed them. The analyses were performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using Elan-9000 ICP mass spectrometer. As a result of the research, it was found that waste loses 11% mass over 2 years of being in forest soils. The content of Zn, As, Cd, and Se changes most strongly. The difference in the degree of element migration from the "technical sand" to the brown forest soils of the two forest types and clear-cuttings was revealed. The study of the effect of technogenic waste on the dominant and diagnostic species of grassy vegetation in the selected forest ecosystems of the Middle Urals was carried out. There was no negative effect on the qualitative composition of the grassy layer of two forest types and their clear-cuttings after 1 year after a single surface application of mineral waste at a concentration of 1 kg/m2.Mountain wines produced in specific mountain areas and following singular practices have gained popularity over the last few decades. During this time, the environmental impacts associated with the food and beverage manufacturing sector have become a question of interest. However, the environmental impacts derived from the production of this peculiar wine have scarcely been studied until now. A mountain winery in north Spain has been analyzed as representative of PDO "Cangas" winemaking by means of life cycle assessment (LCA). High-quality inventory data for one year of operation was obtained directly from this facility and two steps have been considered, the vineyard and the winery phases. The main factors involved in grape cultivation and wine production were included. In common with standard winemaking processes, the use of fertilizers and the production of glass bottles were the principal hotspots in the grape cultivation and wine production phases, respectively. Additionally, in the winery here evaluatedements were implemented. Considering the lack of similar studies, further research on the production of mountain wines should be carried out in other regions to increase the knowledge about the environmental impacts associated with the manufacturing of this singular type of wine.Assessing the corporate green technology progress and environmental governance performance is essential to estimate the technological levels and environment regulation capabilities of enterprises. With the official statistics of collected panel data, we estimate and evaluate the differential levels of provincial corporate green technology and environmental governance performance of industrial enterprises above designated size (IEADSs) in Anhui Province across multiple dimensions. We firstly chose each surveyed city as the decision-making unit (DMU) in data envelopment analysis (DEA). Subsequently, we estimated the green technology efficiency of IEADSs from a static perspective by using the bootstrap DEA model and an improved super-efficiency (SE) DEA model. Temsirolimus Secondly, we used the algorithm of Malmquist productivity index to analyze the dynamic efficiency development tendency and spatiotemporal characteristics in the DMUs. From a dynamic perspective, the evolutionary divergence and convergence characteristics of provincial green technology efficiency were brought about by the estimating algorithm of Malmquist productivity index based on the different regional divisions in Anhui Province.
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