Notes

Chemical profiling associated with Huashi Baidu prescribed, a powerful anti-COVID-19 TCM formula, by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS.
These data suggested that formalin inactivated Enterovirus D68 is a promising vaccine candidate.
Air pollution is a well-described environmental factor with evidence suggesting a firm association with cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of exposure to gaseous air pollutants on atherosclerosis burden.

1955 inhabitants of the Corinthia region, aged 40years or older, underwent clinical and biochemical assessment as well as carotid ultrasonography to evaluate carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and plaque burden. Analyzers recording time series concentration of CO, NO
, and SO
were located at 4 different open sites (Regions 1, 2, 3 and 4) based on their proximity to industries, highways or shipyards.

A higher concentration of CO, NO2, and SO2 was observed in Region 4 compared to the other regions. Mean cIMT (Region 1 0.93±0.24mm; Region 2 0.96±0.40mm; Region 3 0.94±0.39mm; Region 4 1.14±0.55mm, p<0.001), maximum cIMT (p<0.001) as well as carotid plaque burden (Region 1 13.3%; Region 2 18.8%; Region 3 22.4%; Region 4 38.6%, p<0.001) were significantly higher in individuals of Region 4. Inhabitants of Region 4 had also higher levels of C reactive protein (Region 1 4.56±4.85mg/l; Region 2 3.49±4.46mg/l; Region 3 4.03±3.32mg/l, Region 4 5.16±8.26mg/l, p<0.001). Propensity score analysis revealed higher inter-area differences in mean cIMT of individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) (high vs low air pollution area 1.56±0.80mm; vs. 1.18±0.54mm, p<0.001) while there was no difference in cIMT of the matched population without CAD (p=0.52).

An increased carotid atherosclerotic and inflammatory burden is observed in inhabitants of areas with the highest concentration of air pollutants.
An increased carotid atherosclerotic and inflammatory burden is observed in inhabitants of areas with the highest concentration of air pollutants.
Acute exercise and exercise training may confer epigenetic modifications in healthy subjects. Epigenetic effects after exercise have been showed in patients with cardiovascular disease. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence from available clinical trials that study epigenetic adaptations after exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease.

The search strategy was performed in PubMed and CENTRAL databases on articles published until September 2020. Studies with titles and abstracts relevant to exercise epigenetic modification applied to cardiovascular patients were fully examined. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were utilized for studies screening. Quality assessment with PEDro scale and evaluation by two independent reviewers was performed.

Of the 1714 articles retrieved, 88 articles were assessed for eligibility criteria and 8 articles matched our search criteria and finally included in the systematic analysis. The acute exercise epigenetic (miRNAs) effects were assessed in three studies and the chronic exercise training effects (miRNAs and DNA methylation) in six studies. The results have shown that there is possibly an acute significant exercise effect on epigenetic targets which is more evident after chronic exercise training.

By the present systematic review, we provide preliminary evidence of beneficial epigenetic adaptations following acute and chronic exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease. More controlled studies are needed to confirm such evidence.
By the present systematic review, we provide preliminary evidence of beneficial epigenetic adaptations following acute and chronic exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease. More controlled studies are needed to confirm such evidence.Recent publications have highlighted the emergence of mutations in the M1 gene of both influenza A H1N1pdm09 and H3N2 subtypes affecting the performance of commercial RT-PCR assays. Respiratory samples from the 2018/2019 season positive by our in-house RT-PCR for influenza A were analysed for the prevalence and impact of any M1 gene mutations. Sequence information was used to re-design primers for our routine assay and their performance assessed. Forty-five samples, consisting of 11 H1N1pdm09 and 34 H3N2 subtypes, together with the NIBSC H1N1 control were sequenced. All samples displayed the core mutations for H1N1 M1(C154T; G174A and G238A) and for H3N2 M1(C153T; C163T and G189T); three of the H1N1pdm09 viruses also showed a small number of point mutations. None of the mutations appeared to affect either the sensitivity or efficiency of the RT-PCR when compared to the re-designed primers. Although the mutations we found agreed with those in the publications cited we did not encounter any problems with our routine diagnostic assay and no improvements were found when the primers were modified to suit those mutations. However, it is likely that the influenza A virus M1 gene will accumulate further mutations that could impact RT-PCR assays and, therefore, it would be prudent to implement routine sequencing of samples during the influenza seasons to ensure no loss in assay performance.In the pandemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) many strategies have been performed in order to control viral spread in the population and known the real-time situation about the number of infected persons. In this sense, Wastewater Based Epidemiology (WBE) has been applied as an excellent tool to evaluate the virus circulation in a population. In order to obtain reliable results, three low-cost viral concentration methods were evaluated in this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, skimmed milk flocculation (SM) and Aluminum polychloride flocculation, for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage PP7 as a surrogate for non-enveloped viruses and Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) as a surrogate for enveloped virus, with emphasis for SARS- CoV-2. Our results suggest that PEG precipitation for viral concentration, for both enveloped and non-enveloped virus from wastewater is an appropriate approach since it was more sensitive compared to SM flocculation and Aluminum polychloride flocculation. This methodology can be used for WBE studies in order to follow the epidemiology of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, mainly in developing countries where the economic resources are frequently limited.In many countries worldwide, the burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing and preventive strategies are needed to counteract this trend. This review provides an overview of the evidence on preventive strategies in NAFLD-associated HCC. We considered the impact of lifestyle factors such as weight loss, physical activity, smoking, dietary patterns and food items, including coffee and alcohol, on both HCC and NAFLD/NASH. Furthermore, evidence on chemopreventive treatments, including aspirin, anti-diabetic treatments and statins is summarized. The role of adjuvant therapies considered for tertiary prevention of HCC is briefly reviewed.Neuroprotective effect of astaxanthin-s-allyl cysteine diester (AST-SAC) against high glucose (HG)-induced oxidative stress in in vitro and cognitive decline under diabetes conditions in in vivo has been explored. Pretreatment of AST-SAC (5, 10 and 15 μM) dose-dependently preserved the neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y) viability against HG toxicity through i) decreasing oxidative stress (decreasing reactive oxygen species generation and increasing endogenous antioxidants level); ii) protecting mitochondrial function [oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)]; and iii) decreasing p53 level thereby subsequently decreasing the level of apoptotic marker proteins. Male Spraque-Dawley rats were orally administered AST-SAC (1 mg/kg/day) for 45 days in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) rats. AST-SAC administration prevented the loss of spatial memory in DM rats as determined using the novel object location test. AST-SAC administration alleviated the DM-induced injury in brain such as increased cholinesterases activity, elevated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Altogether, the results from the present study demonstrated that AST-SAC averted the neuronal apoptosis and preserved the cognitive function against HG toxicity under DM conditions.
Although hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) shares some transcriptomic and cellular infiltrate features with psoriasis, their skin proteome remains unknown.

To define and compare inflammatory protein biomarkers of HS and psoriasis skin.

We assessed 92 inflammatory biomarkers in HS (n=13), psoriasis (n=11), and control skin (n=11) using Olink high-throughput proteomics. We also correlated HS skin and blood biomarkers using proteomics and RNA sequencing.

We identified 57 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in lesional psoriasis and 64 DEPs in lesional HS skin, compared to healthy controls. Both HS and psoriasis lesional skin demonstrated a significant upregulation of T helper 1 and T helper 17 proteins. Healthy-appearing perilesional HS skin had 63 DEPs compared to healthy controls. Nonlesional HS and psoriasis skin had 24 and 7 DEPs, respectively, compared to healthy controls. Tumor necrosis factor and 8 other proteins were significantly correlated with clinical severity in perilesional HS skin (2cm from a nodule).

Inclusion of only moderate-to-severe patients and the cohort size.

HS has a greater inflammatory profile and is more diffusely distributed compared with psoriasis. Proteins correlated with disease severity are potential disease mediators. Perilesional skin is comparably inflamed to lesional skin, suggesting the need to treat beyond skin nodules.
HS has a greater inflammatory profile and is more diffusely distributed compared with psoriasis. Proteins correlated with disease severity are potential disease mediators. Perilesional skin is comparably inflamed to lesional skin, suggesting the need to treat beyond skin nodules.Typically, mental disorders are defined and classified based on clinical symptoms and syndromes. Although clinically useful, current diagnostic systems for psychiatry cause concerns due to the lack of biological mechanisms. Deciphering the relationships among psychiatric traits according to their genetic basis may facilitate understanding the biological mechanisms of psychiatric disorders. Ten mental disorders were classified by genomic structural equation modeling (SEM), which leverages summary results of genome-wide association studies. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anorexia nervosa (AN), anxiety disorder (ANX), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia (SZ), and Tourette syndrome (TS) were included. The analysis indicates that they are genetically inter-correlated with one another and can be separated based on their general psychopathology. Most disorders have a close partner, forming pairs of traits; only TS is a relatively distinctive condition. Epacadostat At a higher level, MDD, ANX, ADHD, ASD, and PTSD cluster together, while OCD, AN, and TS cluster together. Together, the ten traits constitute a hierarchical classificatory system. This study allows inference of genetically determined classification of the ten mental disorders, which may biologically inform the current diagnostic framework and treatment regimens for mental disorders.
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