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Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia within geriatric patients and real-life links together with diseases and medicines.
In group B, all 62 children (100%) received a CD diagnosis. Group C included 57 controls. EMA were undetectable in 31 (15%) of mucosal atrophy cases. On the receiver-operating characteristic curve (area under the curve = 0.910), a mean value of 1.7 ULN showed a sensitivity of 81.4% and specificity of 81.8% to predict mucosal damage.

Repeated low or moderate TGA-IgA values (<5 ULN or <10 ULN) are good predictors of a CD diagnosis. Symptomatic children with persistently low positive TGA-IgA titers should undergo esophagogastroduodenoscopy regardless of their EMA status.
Repeated low or moderate TGA-IgA values ( less then 5 ULN or less then 10 ULN) are good predictors of a CD diagnosis. Symptomatic children with persistently low positive TGA-IgA titers should undergo esophagogastroduodenoscopy regardless of their EMA status.
The diagnostic workup of low-gradient aortic stenosis (LG AS) is a challenge in clinical practice.

Therefore, our goal was to assess the diagnostic value of stress echocardiography (SE) performed in patients with undefined LG AS with low and preserved ejection fraction (EF) and the impact of its result on therapeutic decisions in Polish third-degree care facilities.

All the patients with LG AS and with SE performed were recruited in 16 Polish departments of cardiology between 2017 and 2019. The main exclusion criteria were as follows moderate or severe aortic or mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis.

The study group included 163 patients (52 % males) with LG AS who underwent SE for adequate diagnostic and therapeutic decision. In 14 patients DSE were non-diagnostic. The mean aortic valve (AV) pressure gradient was 24.1 (7.3) mmHg, while an AV area was 0.86 (0.2) cm2. Among 149 patients with conclusive DSE, severe AS was found in 59.8%, pseudo-severe in 22% and moderate AS in 18%. There were no cases of death or vascular events related to DSE. Among 142 patients sixty-three (44%) patients had an aortic valve intervention in a follow-up (median - 208 days; lower - upper quartile, 73 - 531 days). Based on the result of DSE test, severe AS was significantly more often associated with qualification to intervention compared to the moderate and pseudo-severe subgroups (P < 0.0001).

DSE test in severe AS is a valuable diagnostic tool in patients with LG AS in Poland.
DSE test in severe AS is a valuable diagnostic tool in patients with LG AS in Poland.Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling leading to increased vascular resistance. The increased afterload contributes to the development of right ventricular dysfunction and heart failure, which is the leading cause of death among patients with PAH. The development of specific treatments has markedly improved the prognosis of this population. However, PAH continues to be an incurable, life‑limiting condition, which creates a major burden for healthcare systems. This review describes the currently used treatments for PAH and provides insight into novel therapeutic targets that aim to reduce vascular remodeling, which ultimately leads to right ventricular failure.
Seronegative spondyloarthropathies (SpA) are a group of chronic diseases, characterized by axial inflammation, oligoarthritis, and enthesitis. Oxidative stress may contribute to a wide range of diseases such as rheumatologic diseases including SpA. This prospective case-control study was designed to compare the thiol-disulfide levels as a marker of oxidative stress in SpA patients with healthy controls.

A total of 144 patients who were diagnosed as undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy (UspA, n=97), ankylosing spondylitis (AS, n=47), and 80 healthy controls were included. Serum native thiol (NT), total thiol (TT), disulfide (D) levels were measured with the fully automated Erel?s method. NT/TT, D/TT, and D/NT ratios were calculated. A-366 clinical trial Thiol-disulfide levels were compared between SpA groups and healthy controls.

NT and NT/TT ratios were found to be significantly lower in the SpA group. (p<0.001). Disulfide, D/NT, and D/TT ratios were found to be significantly higher in the SpA group (p <0.001 for eachtive process better than the classical DMARD in SpA patients.
Even though interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1Ra, is used in certain inflammatory diseases, its effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury is a current research topic. We aimed to investigate the protective effects of anakinra, an IL-1Ra, on the I/R induced intestinal injury.

The rat model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion was induced. Rats were randomized into four groups (group 1) control group, (group 2) I/R group, (group 3 and 4) treatment groups (50mg/kg and 100mg/kg, respectively). Gene expressions of Caspase-3, TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6, and apoptotic cells in tissue samples were evaluated by PCR and TUNEL methods, respectively. Plasma levels of SOD, CAT, and MDA were studied by the ELISA method and tissue samples were examined histopathologically as well.

Anakinra inhibited the expression of IL-1?, IL-6, and TNF-? and decreased the SOD, CAT, and MDA caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury in both treatment groups. Caspase-3 expression and TUNEL-positive cell number in treatment groups as well were less. Histopathologically, anakinra better preserved the villous structure of the small intestine at a dose of 100 mg/kg than 50 mg/kg.

Anakinra decreased the intestinal damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion and a dose of 100mg/kg was found to be histopathologically more effective.
Anakinra decreased the intestinal damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion and a dose of 100mg/kg was found to be histopathologically more effective.
Frailty is associated with an increased risk of negative short-term and long-term hospital outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the role of frailty in predicting readmission, length of stay, and quality of life in the hospitalized older adults.

This observational study was conducted at Ziaiyan Hospital, Tehran, Iran. 304 participants (65-85 years), were enrolled through the inclusion criteria from August to December 2019. The Frailty Index (FI) was assessed by the Minimum Data Set-Home Care. Readmission was obtained through telephone interviews. The length of stay was gathered by the patient?s hospital records, and the EuroQol questionnaire was used for assessing the quality of life. Data were collected by a researcher nurse at the admission time, 30, 60, and 90 days after discharge. The logistic regression model and repeated measures ANOVA were employed to analyze the association between frailty and outcomes.

According to FI, 102 (33.55%) participants were pre-frail, whereas 35 (11.51%) were frail. Iarly diagnosis in hospital settings could be beneficial for designing optimal care plans for the frail and pre-frail patients.
Headache is one of the most common neurological symptoms. It adversely affects daily life, reduces the workforce, and has high health costs. Managing this symptom in primary care will free up secondary and tertiary health services to better treat patients who need follow-up by specialists. In the present study, we aim to show the rate at which this problem can be solved in primary care for patients who applied tertiary care services with a headache for the first time.

Our research is a cross-sectional study of 207 patients who applied to the neurology clinics for the first time with headache. Two questionnaires were prepared by the researchers. IBM SPSS 21 was used for statistical analysis, and the level of significance was p<0.05.

The opinions of the patients on the evaluability of headache in primary care were compared. Family physicians and neurologists gave similar responses about the disease management, at a rate of 96.6%, this was found to be statistically significant and shows strong agreement. Both groups of physicians thought that 70% of patients, on average, who applied to the neurology clinics with headache could be managed in primary care. However, only 9.2% of the patients share this opinion with physicians. Primary headache cases constitute most of the cases that are thought to be solved in primary care. It was revealed that the number of patients seeking primary care with this complaint was lower than expected.

Patients with headache applied tertiary care instead of primary care for different reasons. Both neurologists and family physicians stated that most patients evaluated in tertiary care could be managed in primary care.
Patients with headache applied tertiary care instead of primary care for different reasons. Both neurologists and family physicians stated that most patients evaluated in tertiary care could be managed in primary care.
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between second- and third-trimester clavicle length and birth weight and shoulder dystocia.

This prospective observational study included 181 patients who presented to the Private Etlik Lokman Hekim Hospital for routine pregnancy visits between March 2019 and March 2020. In addition to routine pregnancy examinations, the patients also underwent ultrasonography twice at weeks 20-23 and 33-36 to determine the length of the fetal clavicle. The patients were evaluated for shoulder dystocia in the second stage of labor. The birth weight of the neonates was recorded. The primary objective of this study was to establish the relationship between third-trimester clavicle length and shoulder dystocia.

Fetal clavicle length increases in the second trimester with the advancing gestational week but does not significantly change in the third trimester. We didn't observe significant difference for second trimester clavicle length between type of delivery, birth weight, or , an important component of biacromial diameter, as measured by ultrasonography is a practical and significant method for predicting macrosomia and shoulder dystocia.
This study aimed to analyze the serum melatonin levels and changes in sleep patterns in pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

This study was designed as a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Serum melatonin levels and sleep parameters of children with the diagnosis of COVID-19 who had mild and moderate disease (i.e., COVID-19 group) were compared with those of children admitted with non-COVID-19 non-specific upper respiratory tract infection (i.e., control group). The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) questionnaire was applied to the participants' primary caregivers to analyze their sleep patterns at present and six months before symptom onset and to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on sleep patterns.

The entire study cohort consisted of 106 patients. The COVID-19 group included 80 patients, while the control group consisted of 26 patients. The mean serum melatonin levels were 136.72 pg/mL and 172.63 pg/mL in the COVID-19 and control groups, respectively (p=0.16). Theres in children with COVID-19, and this disease is significantly less morbid in children, melatonin may have protective effects against COVID-19.
This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of lutein/zeaxanthin isomers (L/Zi) on lipid metabolism on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, NF-?B/Nrf2 pathways, and synaptic plasticity proteins in trained rats.

Wistar rats were distributed into four groups 1) Control; 2) L/Zi Rats received L/Zi at the dose of 100 mg/kg by oral gavage; 3) Exercise 4) Exercise+L/Zi Rats exercised and received L/Zi (100 mg/kg) by oral gavage. The duration of the study was eight weeks.

Exercise combined with L/Zi reduced lipid peroxidation and improved antioxidant enzyme activities of muscle and cerebral cortex in rats (P < 0.001). In the Exercise + L/ Zi group, muscle and cerebral cortex Nrf2 and HO-1 levels increased, while NF-?B levels decreased (P <0.001). Also, L/Zi improved BDNF, synapsin I, SYP, and GAP-43 levels of the cerebral cortex of trained rats (P < 0.001). The highest levels of BDNF, synapsin SYP, and GAP-43 in the cerebral cortex were determined in the Exercise+L/Zi group.

These results suggested that exercise combined with L/Zi supplementation might be effective to reduce neurodegeneration via improving neurotrophic factors and synaptic proteins, and oxidative capacity in the cerebral cortex.
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