Notes

Long-term clinical link between site problematic vein stenting pertaining to systematic portal abnormal vein stenosis soon after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
A combined evaluation of environmental behaviors and ecological risks of VAs was performed for the first time using persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicity properties and risk quotient values of VAs. Trimethoprim showed persistence and a potential impact on the ecosystem. The cumulative risk quotient values at one sampling point exceeded 1 indicating that several VAs can cumulatively cause local risk. The risk assessment method considering pollution sources, different locations, and correlation analysis applied in this study will be useful in evaluating the impacts of trace pollutants in watersheds.A novel direct dual Z-scheme 3DOM (three-dimensional ordered macropores) SnS2-ZnS/ZrO2 composite was prepared by the template method combined with the in situ sulfur replacement technology. The composition, structure, morphology, and surface physicochemical properties of the composites were well characterized. The results indicate that it possesses a uniform and periodical macroporous structure, a large surface area (121.1 m2 g-1), broad visible light absorption, and high separation ability of photoinduced electron/hole pairs. 3DOM SnS2-ZnS/ZrO2 composite removed 96.8% of methyl orange within 210 min of simulated sunlight irradiation. Moreover, photocatalytic hydrogen production achieved the rate of 928.1 μmol g-1, which was 66.3 times as high as that of the commercial P25 after 8 h simulated sunlight irradiation. Selleck Lonidamine The enhanced photocatalytic performance mainly attributed to the direct dual Z-scheme system, which improves the charge separation efficiency and optimizes the charge transfer pathway. The charge transfer mechanism over the 3DOM SnS2-ZnS/ZrO2 is discussed in detail based on the results of radical trapping experiments. Our work paves a new way to design 3DOM materials with direct dual Z-scheme structure.Conventional wastewater treatment processes cannot effectively remove dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and soluble non-reactive phosphorus (sNRP), which can pose regulatory compliance challenges for total nitrogen and total phosphorus discharges. Moreover, DON and sNRP are not easily recoverable for beneficial reuse as part of the waste to resource paradigm. Conversion of DON and sNRP to more readily removable dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and soluble reactive phosphorus (sRP), respectively, will help meet stringent nutrient limits and facilitate nutrient recovery. In this study, electro-oxidation (EO) was evaluated for conversion of four DON compounds to DIN and five sNRP compounds to sRP. EO was more efficient and provided higher extents of conversion of the recalcitrant nutrient fractions compared to a more traditional advanced oxidation process, UV/H2O2. Direct electron transfer was likely the dominant oxidation mechanism for EO-based DON and sNRP conversion, with DON being more recalcitrant. link2 Among the DON compounds tested, greater availability of primary amine (C-N bonds) yielded greater conversion compared to compounds with fewer primary amine or those with secondary amine (C-N-C bond). Among the sNRP compounds tested, those with P-O-C bonds (organic sNRP) converted more readily than those with P-O-P bonds (inorganic sNRP), presumably because cleavage of the latter bond requires greater energy. Using 30 min of EO treatment, the highest DON and sNRP compound conversion was 11.7 ± 0.09% for urea and 31.1 ± 0.75% for beta-glycerol phosphate. A similar extent of EO-based conversion of DON (6.41 ± 1.5%) and sNRP (32.7 ± 3.3%) was observed in real wastewater.The environmental persistence of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a challenge that promotes studies for efficient treatment alternatives to minimize its environmental impact. Here, we evaluated the HCB removal by electrochemical, biological, and combined approaches. The electrochemical treatment of 4 μM HCB solutions was performed using a synthesized Ti/RuO2-IrO2-TiO2 anode, while the biological treatment using mangrove-isolated bacteria was at 24, 48, and 72 h. The HCB degradability was assessed by analyzing chemical oxygen demand (COD), microbial growth capacity in media supplemented with HCB as the only carbon source, gas chromatography, and ecotoxicity assay after treatments. The synthesized anode showed a high voltammetric charge and catalytic activity, favoring the HCB biodegradability. All bacterial isolates exhibited the ability to metabolize HCB, especially Bacillus sp. and Micrococcus luteus. The HCB degradation efficiency of the combined electrochemical-biological treatment was evidenced by a high COD removal percentage, the non-HCB detection by gas chromatography, and a decrease in ecotoxicity tested with lettuce seeds. The combination of electrochemical pretreatment with microorganism degradation was efficient to remove HCB, thereby opening up prospects for in situ studies of areas contaminated by this recalcitrant compound.Lead (Pb) entering the body through different channels can damage the function of intestinal mucosal barrier and cause the body stressful inflammatory response to enhance. This study conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the effects of Pb exposure on intestinal permeability in children by measuring the level of bacterial endotoxin and index of inflammatory cell types in peripheral blood. From November to December 2018, we recruited 187 participants aged 3-6 years by stratified randomization, from an electronic-waste-exposed group (n = 82) and a referent group (n = 105). General demographic information, past history of the digestive system in child, and family situation were informed by children's guardians with questionnaires. Children in the exposed group showed lower weight, height, and body mass index while more diarrhea in a month. Blood Pb and plasma endotoxin were elevated in exposed children than referent children and the positive relationship between them was shown in all children [B (95% CI) 0.072 (0.008, 0.137), P = 0.033]. Peripheral monocyte counts and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels were significantly increased in the exposed group. Endotoxin levels were positively correlated with neutrophils, monocytes, and LTB4 [B (95% CI) 0.054 (0.015, 0.093), 0.018 (0.005, 0.031), and 0.049 (0.011, 0.087), respectively, P less then 0.05]. link3 To sum up, the exposed children showed lower physical growth levels, poorer gut health, and increased intestinal permeability, which was related to high blood Pb and peripheral inflammatory indices. These results suggest the possible adverse impact of environmental Pb exposure on the intestinal health of children.Effective technologies are needed for the destruction of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). One promising technology is supercritical water oxidation (SCWO), which can be accommodated in batch or continuous reactors. Many PFAS-laden wastes consist primarily of solid particles, and batch SCWO processing may offer safe end-of-life PFAS destruction for these feedstocks. In this study, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is reacted via supercritical water oxidation in a batch reactor at temperatures between 425 and 500 °C and residence times from 0 to 60 min, to determine the effect of both parameters on the extent of destruction and defluorination. Analysis of liquid products via targeted LC-QToF-MS does not indicate production of intermediate fluorocarbons. However, a low fluorine mass balance at temperatures of 425 and 450 °C may indicate the existence of fluorinated species in the gaseous and/or liquid product which are not detected by targeted analysis. Destruction and defluorination efficiencies are determined for each tested condition, with a maximum 70.0% PFOS destruction and 78.2% defluorination achieved after 60 min of reaction at 500 °C.Contamination of water by nitrate has become a worldwide problem, being high levels of this ion detected in the surface, and groundwater, mainly due to the intensive use of fertilizers, and to the discharge of not properly treated effluents. This study aims to evaluate the electrocatalytic process, carried out in a cell divided into two compartments by a cation exchange membrane, and with a copper plate electrode as cathode, identifying the effects of current density, pH, the use of a catalyst in the nitrate reduction, and the production of gaseous compounds. The highest nitrate reduction was obtained with a current density of 2.0 mA cm-2, without pH adjustment and, in this condition, nitrite ion was mainly formed. The application of activated carbon fibers with palladium (1% wt. and 3% wt.) in an alkaline medium presented an increase in gaseous compounds formation. With 2.0 mA cm-2, pH adjustment, and applying 3% wt. Pd catalyst, the highest selectivity to gaseous compounds was obtained (95%) with no nitrite detection. These results highlight the viability of using the process developed at this work for the treatment of nitrate contaminated waters.To improve the remediation efficiency of plants on low concentration uranium-bearing wastewater and clarify its strengthening mechanism, Syngonium podophyllum-Peperomia tetraphylla co-planting system was established, the enhanced effects of plants interaction on uranium removal were investigated, the chemical forms, valence states, and subcellular distribution of uranium in plants were confirmed, and the mechanisms of alleviating uranium stress by plants interaction were revealed. In Syngonium podophyllum-Peperomia tetraphylla co-planting system, the total amount of ethanol-extracted uranium and deionized water-extracted uranium with higher toxicity in their roots were reduced by 10.30% and 7.17%, respectively, which reduced the toxicity of uranium to plants. Plants interaction can inhibit the reduction of U(VI) in the root of Peperomia tetraphylla, which is conducive to the transport of uranium from roots to shoots. In addition, uranium in plants mainly existed in the cell wall (54.44%-66.52%) and the soluble fraction (23.85%-32.89%). These results indicated that Syngonium podophyllum and Peperomia tetraphylla co-planting can enhance their effects of uranium removal by alleviating uranium stress with the cell wall immobilization and vacuole compartmentation, improving biomass of plants, increasing bioaccumulation factor and translocation factor of uranium.Sex-ratio is considered as an end point during endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) evaluation. Many fish species including Japanese medaka have XX/XY sex determination mechanism, however, sex reversal (SR) can be induced by external and genetic factors. SR imposed an imbalance in natural sex ratio of a population living in any ecosystem. Considering SR as an end point, we aimed to investigate the potential EDC effects of graphene oxide (GO), a nanocarbon, using Japanese medaka as a model. One-day post-hatch (dph) medaka fries were exposed to GO (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20 mg/L) for 96 h without food, followed by 6 weeks depuration in a GO-free environment with feeding. Phenotypic sex was determined by gonad histology; genotypic sex by genotyping Y-chromosome-specific male sex determining gene, dmy. Our data indicated testes in both XY and XX genotypes, while ovaries were only in XX females. Histopathology of XY and XX testis showed isogenic spermatocysts with active spermatogenesis. Distribution of spermatocytes (SPTs), not the spermatogonium (SPGs), showed enhancement in XY than XX testis.
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