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Significantly higher concordance rates in MZ than in DZ twin pairs were observed only for the nervous system (40.00 versus 0.00, P<0.001), circulatory system (32.97 versus 19.74, P=0.021), cleft lip/palate (44.44 versus 0.00, P=0.017) and urinary system (22.22 versus 0.00, P=0.004), whereas significant differences were not found for the genital organs or musculoskeletal system.
Monozygotic twins had higher concordance rates than DZ twins only in specific organ systems. It may be speculated that nervous system, circulatory system, cleft lip/palate and urinary system are primarily genetically affected.
Monozygotic twins had higher concordance rates than dizygotic twins only in specific organ systems.
Monozygotic twins had higher concordance rates than dizygotic twins only in specific organ systems.
Observational studies using computerized healthcare databases have become popular to investigate the potential effectiveness of old drugs for new indications. Many of these studies reporting remarkable effectiveness were shown to be affected by different time-related biases. We describe these biases and illustrate their effects using a cohort of patients treated for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
The Quebec healthcare databases were used to form a cohort of 124 030 patients with COPD, 50 years or older, treated between 2000 and 2015. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting bronchodilators were used as exposures, with diverse outcomes, including lung cancer, acute myocardial infarction and death, to illustrate protopathic, latency time, immortal time, time-window, depletion of susceptibles, and immeasurable time biases.
Protopathic bias affected bronchodilator-defined cohort entry with an incident rate of lung cancer of 23.9 per 1000 in the first year, compared with around 12.0 in thsues to avoid severely biased results.Myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious illness with high morbidity and mortality. Mounting evidence indicates the utility of sevoflurane (SEV) in the treatment of myocardial I/R injury. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective action of SEV against myocardial I/R injury. A rat model of myocardial I/R injury was established, and I/R rats were treated with different concentrations of SEV. MicroRNA-203 (miR-203) and doublecortin (DCX) expression levels were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Putative target relationship between miR-203 and DCX was explored using dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay. Ischaemia-reperfusion rats were treated with SEV, miR-203 antagomir or sh-DCX, followed by determination of oxidative stress- and inflammation-related factor levels using nitrite and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and that of apoptosis-related factors using Western blot analysis. The apoptotic rate of myocardial tissues was determined using TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and the infract area was evaluated using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The results showed miR-203 was poorly expressed and DCX was highly expressed in myocardial tissues of I/R rats. Sevoflurane was found to elevate miR-203, and miR-203, in turn, could target and reduce DCX expression. Sevoflurane, miR-203 overexpression or DCX silencing resulted in declined oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and infarct area, ultimately alleviating myocardial I/R injury. Collectively, these findings showed that SEV-activated miR-203 exhibited suppressive effects on myocardial I/R injury in rats and highlighted the SEV/miR-203/DCX axis as a promising therapeutic target for myocardial I/R injury management.
To compare the dose evaluation parameters between conventional (using loose seed alone) and hybrid (using loose seeds in combination with stranded seeds) low-dose rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer.
Between 2014 and July 2016, a total of 219 patients who underwent low-dose rate brachytherapy were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (trial number UMIN 000012780). Patients were randomized and allocated to two groups (conventional method vs hybrid method). Post-dosimetric parameters (%D90, minimal percentage of the dose received by 90% of the prostate gland; V100, percentage of the prostate volume receiving 100% of the prescribed minimal peripheral dose; V150, percentage of the prostate volume receiving 150% of the prescribed minimal peripheral dose; %UD30, minimal percentage of the dose received by 30% of the urethra; R100, rectal volume [mL] receiving 100% of the prescribed dose) calculated at 1month after seed implantation by computed tomography scan were compared between the two groups, as well as the post-dosimetric parameters using the planning target volume of the prostate+5-mm margin.
Regarding dose evaluation parameters, the prostate dose (%D90, V100, V150) and the urethral dose (%UD30) were not significantly different between the two groups, whereas V100 (+5-mm margin) and %D90 (+5-mm margin) were significantly higher in the hybrid method group compared with the conventional method group (P<0.001).
The present randomized study shows that the hybrid method of low-dose rate brachytherapy can achieve a higher coverage of the periprostatic region compared with the conventional method while maintaining an acceptable level of urethral and rectal doses.
The present randomized study shows that the hybrid method of low-dose rate brachytherapy can achieve a higher coverage of the periprostatic region compared with the conventional method while maintaining an acceptable level of urethral and rectal doses.
Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) reportedly has multiple copies in the fungal genome. selleck chemicals The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region in rDNA is useful for investigating relationships between close taxonomic relatives. Thus, ITS has been widely used as a target gene in medical mycology for the detection of pathogenic fungi and identification of fungal species. However, the rDNA copy number in a genome of Trichophyton interdigitale, the pathogen causing dermatophytosis, currently remains unknown.
Clarification of the rDNA copy number in a genome of T.interdigitale.
rDNA copy numbers in 64 clinical isolates of T.interdigitale were examined using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) with the absolute quantitative method targeting TruMDR2, a single-copy control gene and the ITS region in rDNA.
The copy numbers of the rDNA subunit varied among the 64 strains tested, from 24 to 116 copies per genome. The average rDNA copy number±standard deviation was 59±16. No correlations were observed between the rDNA copy number and colony colour, colony morphology or molecular type of the non-transcribed spacer region in rDNA.
Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/
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