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This article aims to share our experience with those who consider dedicating themselves to research. In this way, the characteristics, qualities or competences that, in our opinion, a good researcher should fulfill are listed, and therefore the keys that can help you achieve a successful research career. The intention of this article is not to simply list a series of theoretical recommendations but to share some personal suggestions based on our experience and, therefore, of an eminently practical nature. The fundamental qualities to be discussed are Ethics and honesty. Curiosity, passion, enthusiasm and motivation. Persistence, dedication and discipline. Ambition and leadership. Compromise and responsibility. Organization and planning. Acquire knowledge of research methodology. Critical and positive attitude towards difficulties and failure. Prioritization of objectives and time management. The importance of a good mentor. Establishment of a network of collaborators and teamwork. Maintain a balance between clinical and research activity. Combine public and private investigation. Balance between professional and personal life. And, finally, humility, generosity and thanks. Research represents a fundamental pillar of medical activity and it is evident that the highest quality of care arises from the integration of excellent clinical practice and research activity. With the philosophy that most of the qualities to develop an excellent research activity depend on attitude, and can be learned, developed and improved, in this manuscript we share with the reader a series of recommendations that we consider essential to be a good researcher. BACKGROUND Detection of anisocoria in those with dark irides is difficult, and failure to detect anisocoria can have dire consequences. Whether infrared pupillometry and gross measurement would yield different prevalence rates for anisocoria in those with dark irides is unknown. PURPOSE We compared the frequency of anisocoria in healthy adults with dark irides assessed with mm ruler versus infrared pupillometry. METHODS Pupil diameters in light (L) and dark (D) were obtained to identify anisocoria in 59 human subjects with dark irides using two techniques. To avoid bias, gross measurements (S) with ruler were taken first. Pupils were imaged under infrared illumination mounted in a spectacle frame with mm tape attached. Adobe Photoshop was used to measure pupil sizes on the digital images (O). RESULTS Proportions of anisocoria by group were SL .034, OL .130, SD 0.00, OD .135. Fisher's exact test showed that anisocoria in dim light was more frequent with the infrared photo technique. Exact binomial probability testing showed that the anisocoria in SL and SD conditions was not different from an expected proportion of 5%; whereas anisocoria in OL condition was not different from an expected proportion of 20%, and anisocoria in OD condition was not different from expected proportions of 10, 15, and 20%. CONCLUSIONS In people with dark irides, ruler measurements of pupil size underestimate the frequency of anisoria in dim lighting conditions compared to use of infrared pupillometry. Whether detection rates of pathologic anisocoria differ with measurement technique remain to be explored. PURPOSE To assess the visual effects of wearing both an activated and an inactivated photochromic contact lens, with a direct comparison to a non-photochromic contact lens worn in the fellow eye. This study focused on the visual effects of scatter quantified as the minimum distance between two points of light, and the diameter of the halo and starbursts that surround a bright white point source. METHODS 60 subjects (aged 18-65 years) were measured in a contralateral design where lens type was randomly assigned, one type to each eye. During activated testing, all visual measures of both study lenses were made while each eye was illuminated by a violet (λmax=365, half bandwidth 20nm) activator, which caused steady-state activation of the photochromic lens during the period of testing. Two-point thresholds were determined by measuring the minimum distance between two points of broadband xenon light. Glare geometry was measured using an aperture (∼4mm) that created a bright point source of light 45 inches from th on visual function under bright light conditions (e.g., glare disability, discomfort, photostress recovery and chromatic contrast) with an activated photochromic. In this study, we found differences even in the inactivated state, using less intense stimuli (10cd/m2 at the source). This suggests that the photochromic lens improves the effects of light scatter even at lower luminance. This paper describes country-wide special measures undertaken for interventional radiology staff during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although each interventional radiology service around the world faces unique challenges, the principles outlined in this article will be useful when designing or strengthening individual practices and integrating them within wider hospital and national measures. Moving beyond the current outbreak, these measures will be useful for any future infectious diseases which are likely to arise. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Many of the symptoms of patients with lactose intolerance are due to fermentation of undigested lactose in the colonic lumen, which may also lead to inflammatory cell changes in the colonic mucosa. H 89 purchase The objective of our project was to understand the histopathological changes involving infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells in the colonic mucosa of children with lactase deficiency (LD). METHODS In this retrospective study we studied colonic mucosa of children and adolescents with LD to determine if any pathological changes or inflammatory cell changes were present. Pathology reports and Hematoxylin and eosin stained slides were reviewed. Tryptase immunohistochemistry was performed for mast cell assessment. RESULT There were 30 subjects in the study who had a LD and 15 presented with diarrhea and 15 without diarrhea. The colonic mucosa of 35.5 % of the subjects revealed increased mucosal eosinophils. There was no increase of mast cells or lymphocytic colitis in any of the subjects.
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