Notes

Constitutionnel characterization associated with hexameric shell protein through two kinds of choline-utilization bacterial microcompartments.
Girls were subject to sexual abuse, neglect, and emotional abuse, more frequently in rural areas; boys were most often victims of exploitation, physical, and emotional abuse in both urban and rural areas.

The results of the study led to the formulation of general guidelines on this phenomenon and highlight the need for proposals to improve the current situation of child abuse within the family.
The results of the study led to the formulation of general guidelines on this phenomenon and highlight the need for proposals to improve the current situation of child abuse within the family.
A smart vision screening instrument was applied for screening low eyesight in primary school students in Wuhan, China. We aimed to compare the differences in test results between this instrument and lamp-box visual acuity charts, assess the validity of the screening results, and perform a preliminary comparison of the cost inputs of the two approaches.

In this cross-sectional study conducted in Wuhan, China in 2017, vision tests were performed on the same day among enrolled primary school students by using the two approaches. The
-test and
test were performed to compare the differences, and the indicators of validity were calculated and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn. Existing cost-input data were collected and the budget was analyzed.

In total, 1001 schoolchildren were included, and the prevalence of low eyesight was 21.18% (95% CI 18.71-23.87%). The test results of the two approaches were not statistically different (
=1.929,
>0.05) and showed moderate consistency (
=0.519,
0.001). Sensitivity and specificity of the instrument were 84.90% (95% CI 79.21-89.30%) and 91.63% (95% CI 89.42-91.64%), respectively; positive predictive value was 73.17% (95% CI 67.10-78.51%); and negative predictive value was 95.76% (95% CI 94.00-97.04%). Area under the ROC curve was 0.883 (95% CI 0.853-0.913) and significantly differed from 0.5 (
<0.001). The budget when using the instrument decreased 48.07% compared to that when using lamp-box visual acuity charts.

The test result of the instrument is reliable, and using it to conduct screening is cost-saving. Therefore, it might be popularized for vision monitoring in schoolchildren.
The test result of the instrument is reliable, and using it to conduct screening is cost-saving. Therefore, it might be popularized for vision monitoring in schoolchildren.
Malaria is a parasitic vector-borne disease endemic in the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the current activities of the detoxification enzymes in resistant and susceptible
s.l. in northern Nigeria.

larvae were collected from northeast and northwestern Nigeria between Aug and Nov 2018. Biochemical analyses was carried out on the mosquitoes exposed to various insecticides (deltamethrin, DDT, bendiocarb, malathion) to measure and compare the enzymatic activities of the major detoxification enzymes (P
, GSTs, Esterase).

High levels of resistance was observed; DDT 37%-53% (95%, CI 29-61), bendiocarb 44%-55% (CI 39-60) and deltamethrin 74%-82% (CI 70-86). However, these mosquitoes were found to be susceptible to malathion 99%-100% (CI 98-100). The P450 and GSTs enzymes were found to be elevated in the resistant mosquitoes exposed to deltamethrin (1.0240±0.1902); (1.3088±1.2478), DDT (1.7703±1.4528); (1.7462±0.9418) and bendiocarb (1.1814±0.0918); (1.4479±1.0083) compared to the Kisumu strain (0.764±0.4226); (0.6508±0.6542), (0.3875±0.3482); (0.4072±0.4916) and (0.6672±0.3949); (0.7126±0.7259) at
<0.05. Similarly, the resistant mosquitoes expressed increased activity to esterase (0.7606±1.1477), (0.3269±1.1957) and (2.8203±0.6488) compared to their susceptible counterpart (0.6841±0.7597), (0.7032±0.5380) and (0.6398±0.4159) at
<0.05. The enzyme ratio was found to be P450 (1.341, 4.568 and 1.77); GSTs (2.011, 4.288 and 2.031); Esterases (1.111, 0.469 and 4.408). One way Anova and single sample t-test were also conducted to determine the effect of the enzymes on the resistant and susceptible strains.

High level of insecticide resistance was observed with significant elevation of detoxification enzymes activities in the resistant mosquitoes.
High level of insecticide resistance was observed with significant elevation of detoxification enzymes activities in the resistant mosquitoes.
We aimed to explore the influence of midwifery care on the mode of delivery (MOD), duration of labor and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) of elderly parturients.

A total of 165 elderly parturients admitted to Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, China from May 2018 to Aug 2019 were allocated into a study group (n=85, midwifery care) and a control group (n=80, conventional nursing care). Visual analogue scale (VAS) was employed to estimate the pain of parturients, and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were employed to evaluate the anxiety and depression status. The satisfaction of patients on nursing care was scored by a self-made satisfaction questionnaire.

The parturients in the study group presented higher spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) rate (
< 0.05), and had shortened duration of first and second stages of labor and total duration of labor (
< 0.05). Roscovitine The incidence of both PPH and neonatal asphyxia in the study group was lower than that in the control group (both
< 0.05). The VAS, SAS and SDS scores in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (
< 0.05), and the patients' satisfaction in the study group was significantly higher (
< 0.05).

Midwifery care is effective for the delivery of elderly parturients, which significantly improves VSD rate, shortens duration of labor, reduces incidence of PPH and neonatal asphyxia, as well as relives labor pain, anxiety and depression, and increases satisfaction of parturients.
Midwifery care is effective for the delivery of elderly parturients, which significantly improves VSD rate, shortens duration of labor, reduces incidence of PPH and neonatal asphyxia, as well as relives labor pain, anxiety and depression, and increases satisfaction of parturients.
The relation between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase)MTHFR(polymorphisms and the risk of developing Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is not still clear, while there are reports about the association of
C677T and A1298C polymorphisms with developing CLL, there are other reports that rolled out the association of MTHFR polymorphisms with developing CLL. Therefore herein we carried out this meta-analysis to clear the association of
polymorphisms with the risk of CLL.

A comprehensive search was performed through PubMed, Scopus and Embase from inception to Aug 2020. Odds ratios (OR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for five possible genetic models were calculated. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochran Q test and the I2 statistic.

Totals of 1290 cases and 1887 controls for the C677T polymorphism and 1117 cases and 1256 controls for the A1298C polymorphism were included in our analysis. Analyzing the
C677T and A1298C polymorphisms genotypes showed an association between
polymorphism at A1298C under Allelic model and the risk of CLL (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01-1.25), however there was no association between
polymorphism at
C677T and risk of CLL.

The risk of developing CLL might be associated with
polymorphism at A1298C under allelic model and not associated with
polymorphisms at C677T, However, further studies considering other factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, gene-gene interaction and environmental condition are needed to clear the true association of
polymorphisms with CLL.
The risk of developing CLL might be associated with MTHFR polymorphism at A1298C under allelic model and not associated with MTHFR polymorphisms at C677T, However, further studies considering other factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, gene-gene interaction and environmental condition are needed to clear the true association of MTHFR polymorphisms with CLL.
Pathogenic intestinal protozoa are considered as a serious public health problem in developing countries. This study aimed to elucidate the overall prevalence and spatial distribution of three common human pathogenic intestinal protozoan infections in Iran.

Six English and Persian databases were explored for published papers on the prevalence of
,
and
spp. in the general population of Iran from 2000 to 2015. All eligible data were collected using a pre-designed data extraction form, and the overall prevalence was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis model. We used ArcMap for mapping the prevalence of the studied protozoa and clustering analysis.

Altogether, 118 eligible papers from 24 provinces of Iran were included and analyzed. The weighted prevalence of
,
, and
spp. infection among Iranian general population were calculated 1.3% (95% CI 1.1-1.5%), 10.6% (95% CI 9.6-11.5%) and 2% (95% CI 1.5-2.5%), respectively.

Our findings indicated human intestinal protozoan infections caused by
,
and
spp. have still public health importance in some parts of Iran.
Our findings indicated human intestinal protozoan infections caused by E. histolytica/dispar, G. lamblia, and Cryptosporidium spp. have still public health importance in some parts of Iran.
To assess prevalence and predictive factors for Nosocomial Infection (NI) in the military hospitals.

PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and PreQuest databases were systematically searched for studies published between Jan 1991 and Oct 2017 that reported the prevalence of NI and predictive factors among military hospitals. We performed the meta-analysis using a random effects model. Subgroup analysis was done for heterogeneity and the Egger test to funnel plots was used to assess publication bias.

Twenty-eight studies with 250,374 patients were evaluated in meta-analysis. The overall pooled estimate of the prevalence of NI was 8% (95% 6.0-9.0). The pooled prevalence was 2% (95% CI 2.0-3.0) when we did sensitivity analysis and excluding a study. The prevalence was highest in burn unit (32%) and ICU (15%). Reported risk factors for NI included gender (male vs female, OR 1.45), age (Age≥65, OR 2.4), diabetes mellitus (OR 2.32), inappropriate use of antibiotics (OR 2.35), received mechanical support (OR 2.81), co-morbidities (OR 2.97), admitted into the ICU (OR 2.26), smoking (OR 1.36) and BMI (OR 1.09).

The review revealed a difference of prevalence in military hospitals with other hospitals and shows a high prevalence of NI in burn units. Therefore careful disinfection and strict procedures of infection control are necessary in places that serve immunosuppressed individuals such as burn patient. Moreover, a vision for the improvement of reports and studies in military hospitals to report the rate of these infections are necessary.
The review revealed a difference of prevalence in military hospitals with other hospitals and shows a high prevalence of NI in burn units. Therefore careful disinfection and strict procedures of infection control are necessary in places that serve immunosuppressed individuals such as burn patient. Moreover, a vision for the improvement of reports and studies in military hospitals to report the rate of these infections are necessary.
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