Notes

Keeping track of nociception as well as attention during palliative sleep or sedation: A systematic review.
Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide with the highest morbidity and mortality, in which the non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 80% of all cases. The expression of (HOX transcript antisense RNA) HOTAIR were abnormal in a variety of tumor tissues and is involved in the regulation of the occurrence and development of lung cancer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect and mechanism of down-regulation of HOTAIR on gefitinib resistance of lung adenocarcinoma HCC827 cells by targeting PTEN.

The HOTAIR downstream target gene was predicted by bioinformatics database. The small interfering RNAs (siRNA) which is corresponding to HOTAIR was transfected using Lipofectamine™ 2000. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression of HOTAIR, PTEN, PI3K and AKT in HCC827 and HCC827GR cells. MTT assay was used to detect the changes in drug resistance of HCC827GR cells. Flow cytometry analysis were used to test the cell proliferation and the rate of apoptosis.

The expression of HOTAIR increased in HCC827GR and the serum of NSCLC patients with gefitinib resistance (P<0.05). Transfection of HOTAIR siRNA decreased the expression of HOTAIR (P<0.05), and increased the expressions of PTEN (P<0.05), while the expression of PI3K and AKT were decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the blank control group, down-regulation of HOTAIR increased the sensitivity of HCC827GR cells to gefitinib. The cell proliferation ability was decreased and the apoptosis was promoted apparently (P<0.05).

Down-regulation of HOTAIR can suppress the cell growth and promote the apoptosis, and it can reverse the resistance of HCC827GR cells to gefitinib. Its potential mechanism may be related with the targeting of PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.
Down-regulation of HOTAIR can suppress the cell growth and promote the apoptosis, and it can reverse the resistance of HCC827GR cells to gefitinib. Its potential mechanism may be related with the targeting of PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.Introduction.Acinetobacter baumannii is a critical priority pathogen listed by the World Health Organization due to increasing levels of resistance to carbapenem classes of antibiotics. It causes wound and other nosocomial infections, which can be life-threatening. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development of new classes of antibiotics.Aim. To study the interaction of carabapenems with class D beta-lactamases (oxacillinases) and analyse drug resistance by studying enzyme-substrate complexes using modelling approaches as a means of establishing correlations with the phenotypic data.Methodology. ZD1839 The three-dimensional structures of carbapenems (doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem and meropenem) were obtained from DrugBank and screened against class D beta-lactamases. Further, the study was extended with their variants. The variants' structure was homology-modelled using the Schrödinger Prime module (Schrödinger LLC, NY, USA).Results. The first discovered intrinsic beta-lactamase of Acinetobacter baumannii, OXA-51, had a binding energy value of -40.984 kcal mol-1, whereas other OXA-51 variants, such as OXA-64, OXA-110 and OXA-111, have values of -60.638, -66.756 and -67.751 kcal mol-1, respectively. The free energy values of OXA-51 variants produced better results than those of other groups.Conclusions. Imipenem and meropenem showed MIC values of 2 and 8 µg ml-1, respectively against OXA-51 in earlier studies, indicating that these are the most effective drugs for treatment of A. baumannii infection. According to our results, OXA-51 is an active enzyme that shows better interactions and is capable of hydrolyzing carbapenems. When correlating the hydrogen-bonding interaction with MIC values, the predicted results are in good agreement and might provide initial insights into performing similar studies related to OXA variants or other antibiotic-enzyme-based studies.
Using a legal standard for scrutinising the regulation of food label claims, this study assessed whether consumers are misled about wholegrain (WG) content and product healthfulness based on common product labels.

First, a discrete choice experiment used pairs of hypothetical products with different amounts of WG, sugar and salt to measure effects on assessment of healthfulness; and second, a WG content comprehension assessment used actual product labels to assess respondent understanding.

Online national panel survey.

For a representative sample of US adults (n 1030), survey responses were collected in 2018 and analysed in 2019.

First, 29-47 % of respondents incorrectly identified the healthier product from paired options, and respondents who self-identified as having difficulty in understanding labels were more likely to err. Second, for actual products composed primarily of refined grains, 43-51 % of respondents overstated the WG content, whereas for one product composed primarily of WG, 17 % of respondents understated the WG content.

The frequency of consumer misunderstanding of grain product labels was high in both study components. Potential policies to address consumer confusion include requiring disclosure of WG content as a percentage of total grain content or requiring disclosure of the grams of WG v. refined grains per serving.
The frequency of consumer misunderstanding of grain product labels was high in both study components. Potential policies to address consumer confusion include requiring disclosure of WG content as a percentage of total grain content or requiring disclosure of the grams of WG v. refined grains per serving.The argument that cumulative technological culture originates in technical-reasoning skills is not the only alternative to social accounts; another possibility is that accumulation of both technical-reasoning skills and enhanced social skills stemmed from the onset of a more basic cognitive ability such as recursive representational redescription. The paper confuses individual learning of pre-existing information with creative generation of new information.Osiurak and Reynaud highlight the critical role of technical-reasoning skills in the emergence of human cumulative technological culture (CTC), in contrast to previous accounts foregrounding social-reasoning skills as key to CTC. We question their analysis of the available evidence, yet for other reasons applaud the emphasis on causal understanding as central to the adaptive and collaborative dynamics of CTC.
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