Notes

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Ethnicity (Han Chinese,
<0.0001, OR=3.17) was risk factor for wearing spectacles while age (
=0.01, OR=0.90) was protective factor from wearing spectacles.

This study provides the baseline data on PVA and the prevalence of visual impairment in Chinese college students. Our analyses reveal that BMI and home region are associated factors for visual impairment based on PVA, while age and ethnicity are associated factors for wearing spectacles.
This study provides the baseline data on PVA and the prevalence of visual impairment in Chinese college students. Our analyses reveal that BMI and home region are associated factors for visual impairment based on PVA, while age and ethnicity are associated factors for wearing spectacles.
To investigate the proportion and characteristic of emmetropia in schoolchildren aged 6-11, especially estimate the normal value of ocular biometric parameters of emmetropia.

A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on children aged 6-11y in Shenzhen. Totally, 2386 schoolchildren from two primary schools were involved. The axial length (AL) and the corneal radius of curvature (CRC) were measured by partial coherence laser interferometry. Noncycloplegic refraction and refractive astigmatism (RA) was measured using autorefraction. The axial length-to-corneal radius of curvature ratio (AL/CRC), corneal astigmatism (CA) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) were calculated.

The proportion of emmetropia in elementary school students was 41.30%. This percentage decreased gradually from 6 to 11 years of age and decreased rapidly after 9 years of age. The mean and 95%CI of each parameter were provided for boys and girls aged 6 to 11 years of age with emmetropia according to each age group. Then provide the basis for the clinical judgment of whether or not children's ocular biometric parameters obtained by single measurement and changes obtained by multiple measurements are abnormal.
To evaluate the feasibility of promoting genetic detection for granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD
) by a questionnaire conducted among citizens in five cities in China.

The data were collected by questionnaire, and analyzed by Chi-square test and one-tailed
test in IBM SPSS statistics.

Based on the survey data on the awareness of GCD
genetic detection in this study and the positive predictive analysis report of the citizens in five cities in China, the vast majority (84.2%) of respondents had never heard of it and did not know that GCD
patients have been prohibited from performing excimer surgery that can deteriorate GCD
patients' condition even leading to blindness. Though 3.4% of patients understood GCD
very much, they have no idea that GCD
could not be 100% accuracy diagnosed by the conventional inspection methods.

It is feasible and necessary to use GCD
genetic detection as an excimer preoperative examination project. In order to promote the development of detection project, a few improvements should be carried out in terms of the promoting efforts, costs, and research progress.
It is feasible and necessary to use GCD2 genetic detection as an excimer preoperative examination project. In order to promote the development of detection project, a few improvements should be carried out in terms of the promoting efforts, costs, and research progress.
To demonstrate prognostic factors for poor visual outcome in patients with post-traumatic endophthalmitis (PTE) following open globe injury.

A retrospective study was conducted on 66 patients (66 eyes) with PTE following open globe injury from 2005 to 2015. Potential factors accounting for good and poor visual outcome were statistically analyzed by Chi-square test and Logistic regression model.

In 66 cases, 39 cases (59%) had a poor visual outcome. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified retained intraocular foreign body (IOFB) as the only factor significantly associated with poor visual outcome [adjusted odds ratio, 4.62; 95% confidence interval (1.04-20.53);
=0.04]. The most common causative agents were gram-positive organisms (83%), of which
(33%), was the most common pathogen. All cases received intravitreal antibiotic injections. CCT241533 cell line Oral ciprofloxacin was the most used systemic antibiotic (33%). Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 83% (55/66) of cases. At 6mo follow-up, mean BCVA was 1.74±0.72 logMAR units.

In patients with PTE following open globe injury, the only predictor of poor visual outcome is the presence of IOFB.
is the most isolated microorganism.
In patients with PTE following open globe injury, the only predictor of poor visual outcome is the presence of IOFB. Bacillus cereus is the most isolated microorganism.
To describe the clinicopathologic features and classification of pediatric and adolescent ocular tumors and tumor-like lesions.

A total of 719 cases of pathologically confirmed ocular tumors and tumor-like lesions in a pediatric population from two academic institutions over an 18-year period were retrospectively analyzed. The main outcome measures were the clinical and pathological features of the cases.

Benign tumors accounted for 92.1% of all cases while malignant tumors accounted for 7.9%. The most common ocular benign tumors were (epi-)dermoid cysts (19.8%), nevi (15.2%), corneal dermoid tumors (9.8%), and calcified epitheliomas (8.8%). The most common ocular malignant tumors were retinoblastoma (80.8%), and rhabdomyosarcoma (3.9%). Eyelid and ocular surface tumors comprised 73.3% of benign tumors while intraocular and orbital cavity comprised 94.2% of malignant tumors. For tumor site, the upper eyelid was up to 1.79 times more than lower eyelid (
<0.05). Age at surgery and sex also had an association with different lesions (
=0.006,
=0.035, respectively).

Most ocular tumors and tumor-like lesions in children and adolescents are benign. Pediatric ocular tumors are distinct from those in adults in terms of histological origin. (Epi-)dermoid cysts are the most common benign tumors while retinoblastomas the most common malignant tumors.
Most ocular tumors and tumor-like lesions in children and adolescents are benign. Pediatric ocular tumors are distinct from those in adults in terms of histological origin. (Epi-)dermoid cysts are the most common benign tumors while retinoblastomas the most common malignant tumors.
To evaluate the clinical results after implantation of a new intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) associated with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to correct high myopia (HM) patients with thin corneas.

We evaluated 42 eyes of 23 HM patients that had ICRS implantation followed by PRK. The mean age of patients was 29.1±7.12y (range 18 to 40 years old). Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), keratometry, spherical equivalent, pachymetry, and aberrometry were compared using ANOVA with repeated measurements evaluated preoperatively and at last follow-up visit after the procedures. The refractive predictability and simulated/real corneal ablation were also assessed.

The mean follow-up time after PRK was 6.8±1.6mo. The mean preoperative UCVA improved from 20/800 preoperative to 20/100 after ICRS and 20/35 after PRK. The mean preoperative BCVA was 20/25 (range from 20/30 to 20/20) and remained unchanged after ICRS implantation. Following the PRK the mean BCVA was 20/25 (range from 20/30 to 20/20). The mean spherical equivalent decreased from -7.25±1.12 (range -5.00 to -9.00) preoperatively to -3.32±1.0 (range -2.00 to -5.00) postoperatively (
<0.001) after ICRS implantation and decreased from -2.44±1.51 preoperatively to 0.32±0.45 (range -0.625 to 0.875) postoperatively (
<0.001) after PRK. The change in BCVA and topographic astigmatism was statistically significant (
<0.0001).

ICRS in HM associated with PRK can be a tissue saving procedure and an alternative surgical option for correction of moderate to high myopia.
ICRS in HM associated with PRK can be a tissue saving procedure and an alternative surgical option for correction of moderate to high myopia.
To investigate changes in macular vessels and thickness in myopic eyes after intraocular collamer lens (ICL) implantation using quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

This retrospective included 73 myopic eyes of 73 patients (average age, 27.53±6.16y) who underwent ICL implantation (28 eyes were Toric ICL). Axial length (AL), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), refractive dioptre (RD), intraocular pressure (IOP) and OCTA were measured and compared with before and 1wk, 1, and 3mo after surgery. OCTA was used to image vessel density (VD) and skeleton density (SD) in both the superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP). Central retinal thickness (CRT) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (GCT) were also measured. Changes between pre- and postoperative measurements were analysed by repeated measures analysis of variance.

Compared with preoperative data, postoperative data on UCVA revealed significant improvements in all patients (
<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in IOP. After the operation, CRT and GCT exhibited significant changes (
<0.05). Among these measures, CRT was significantly higher at one and three months postoperative (all
<0.01). GCT was significantly higher at 1wk, 1, and 3mo postoperative (all
<0.01). Changes in VD and SD were nonsignificant in both the SCP and DCP. There was no difference in postoperative changes between the ICL and Toric ICL groups.

ICL and Toric ICL implantation both have good efficacy and safety for myopic eyes, but macular area changes that occur after surgery need attention.
ICL and Toric ICL implantation both have good efficacy and safety for myopic eyes, but macular area changes that occur after surgery need attention.
To evaluate whether narrowing of internal carotid artery siphon (ICAS) may increase the risk of developing non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION).

Totally 30 consecutive patients who had unilateral NAION and 30 gender-matched control subjects were recruited in the present study. The diameter of ICAS of all the participants were measured using head-and-neck computed tomographic angiography (CTA). Color doppler flow imaging (CDI) was used to measure the haemodynamics parameters of ICAS and short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCAs) in all subjects. Comparison of parameters between the NAION patients and controls as well as between the two sides within the patients were performed. The correlation between the diameter of ICAS and NAION was analyzed.

A comparison of parameters between the affected side of the NAION patients and the controls, including the diameter of ICAS, the resistance index (RI) of ICAS, the blood flow velocities of SPCAs and RI of SPCAs, showed significantly difference (
<0.01), while there was no significant difference in terms of the mean blood flow velocity (Vm) of ICAS; Similar results were found while comparing all the measurements of the affected and unaffected side of patients (
for RI of SPCAs <0.05). No marked difference was detected in nearly all parameters except for RI of ICAS and SPCAs between the unaffected side of the NAION patients and the controls (
<0.05). The diameter of ICAS were significantly positive correlated with both peak systolic velocity (PSV) of SPCAs and end diastolic velocity (EDV) of SPCAs in patients with NAION (
=0.514,
<0.01 and
=0.418,
<0.05, respectively).

Narrowing of ICAS may increase the risk of developing NAION.
Narrowing of ICAS may increase the risk of developing NAION.
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