Notes

A fresh Rapidly Growing Dome-Shaped Choroidal Lesion in a Vision using Handled Retinoblastoma.
Translate General Adherence Scale (GAS) into Chinese and test its psychometric properties in middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients using insulin in the Han people of urban China.

We translated the GAS into Chinese and established General Adherence Scale in Chinese (GAS-C). 136 T2D subjects were selected for testing GAS-C's reliability and validity, of which 100 study subjects were retested with GAS-C two weeks later. The other 200 T2D subjects were selected for performing Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA). The ceiling effect and floor effect of GAS-C data were checked.

No data was lost in our research. In exploratory factor analysis(EFA), the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (KMO) =0.899, Bartlett's Test's χ
=611.821 (df=10 p<0.001). The communalities of the items were between 0.740 and 0.862; The values of Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA) were between 0.883 and 0.945. All five items entered the factor analysis process. A common factor was extracted, and it could exy and validity. It can be used for general adherence studies of middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetic patients using insulin in the Han people of Chinese cities.
We evaluated the clinical characteristics and severity of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak to identify its indirect effects on DKA incidence.

This retrospective study included 19 children with DKA admitted to the emergency room (ER) in two centers in Jeonbuk province, Korea during the first 6 months of the year from 2017 to 2020. Data were collected on age, height, body weight, clinical symptoms, diabetic mellitus (DM) type, and laboratory findings. DKA severity was based on the presence of acute kidney injury, cerebrovascular accident, and altered mental status. The ratio of patients with DKA in all pediatric patients who visited the study ERs and in the Jeonbuk population was also determined.

There were no differences in anthropometric characteristics and complication rates between the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods; however, the rate of polydipsia was significantly higher in the COVID-19 period. All seven patients admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic (100%) had polydipsia and polyuria and were newly diagnosed with DM. The rate of pediatric patients with DKA admitted to the ER in 2020 (0.459%) was more than twice the mean rate of 0.206% for the four-year period. The incidence of DKA in the Jeonbuk population (0.00141%) also exceeded the mean rate (0.0009%).

The incidence of pediatric DKA might be higher due to the indirect effect of COVID-19 pandemic. Physicians should be aware of nonspecific symptoms related to DKA in children admitted to the ER.
The incidence of pediatric DKA might be higher due to the indirect effect of COVID-19 pandemic. Physicians should be aware of nonspecific symptoms related to DKA in children admitted to the ER.
Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are promising in the treatment of advanced cancer, their use is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that affect endocrine organ systems. Although development of irAEs was associated with improved cancer-specific survival, the risk of irAEs is unclear. We investigated the association of pre-ICI comorbidities-including diabetes-with irAEs, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) in advanced lung cancer.

Patients with lung cancer who were treated with ICIs during the period from September 1, 2015 through July 31, 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. All data were collected from the NEPTUNE database of university patients. Hazard ratios were estimated by using Cox regression weighted for propensity scores. Odds ratios were calculated by logistic regression and adjusted for unbalanced variables. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare OS, and the generalized Wilcoxon test was used to compare median survival.

Among the 88 pats was associated with higher mortality in advanced lung cancer, regardless of irAE development during treatment with ICI.
This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of biofilm-producing
nosocomial isolates from a tertiary care hospital, as well as to investigate any possible association of biofilm formation with the distribution of biofilm-related genotypes and antibiotic resistance phenotypes.

A total of 94 non-duplicate
nosocomial isolates were identified, their biofilm formation was quantitatively detected using the modified microtiter plate assay, and their susceptibilities to different antibiotics were determined using the breakpoint method. Isolates were then subjected to PCR assays targeting
A and

genes.

The majority (70.1%) of isolates were biofilm producers. The most prevalent biofilm gene was
A (63.8%), followed by
(13.8%) and

(10.6%). The presence of multi- and extensive-drug resistance (MDR and XDR) was significantly associated with biofilm producers (p = 0.017 and 0.002, respectively). The length of hospital stay (aOR= 0.023), the presence of
A gene (aOR = 0.286) or
gene (aOR = 0.346), ampicillin/sulbactam resistance (aOR = 1), and the presence of MDR (aOR = -0.329) or XDR (aOR = -0.252) were considered significant risk factors associated with biofilm-producing isolates.

The high prevalence of biofilm-producing MDR and XDR nosocomial isolates in this study is worrisome and alarming. Metformin in vivo Characterization of risk factors could help control the continuous selection and transfer of this serious
phenotype inside hospitals and improve the quality of patients' care.
The high prevalence of biofilm-producing MDR and XDR nosocomial isolates in this study is worrisome and alarming. Characterization of risk factors could help control the continuous selection and transfer of this serious A. baumannii phenotype inside hospitals and improve the quality of patients' care.
Worldwide, bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality in clinical settings. Due to the limited laboratory facilities in sub-Saharan Africa, poor diagnosis of BSIs results in poor clinical outcomes and leads to a risk of antimicrobial resistance. The present work was carried out to describe the microbiological features of BSIs using the data collected from Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali (CHUK).

A retrospective study was carried out at CHUK. The blood culture results of 2,910 cases - from adults, children and infants - were reviewed in the Microbiology service from October 2017 to October 2018. The following variables were considered age, gender, admitting department, blood culture results, and antimicrobials sensitivity test results. Data were entered and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2013.

Twelve percent (341/2,910) of blood culture results reviewed were positive with 108 (31.7%) Gram positive bacteria and 233 (68.3%) Gram negative bacteria.
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