Notes

Affiliation involving Amine-Receptor Genetics Collection Versions with Associative Studying from the Honeybee.
This study tested whether increases in recent and cumulative cannabis use were each associated with increases in internalizing problems from adolescence to young adulthood. Participants were boys from a community sample that was assessed annually from ~age 15-26 (N = 506). Boys reported on their cannabis use, depression symptoms, and anxiety/depression problems each year. Exposures were frequency of cannabis use in a given year (no use, less then weekly use, weekly or more frequent use) and cumulative prior years of weekly cannabis use. Outcomes were depression symptoms and anxiety/depression problems in a given year. Analyses examined within-person associations between changes in exposures and outcomes over time, which eliminated "fixed" (unchanging) individual differences as potential confounds. Analyses also accounted for time-varying factors as potential confounds (other substance use, externalizing problems, subclinical psychotic symptoms). Results showed that increases in recent cannabis use and cumulative prior years of weekly cannabis use were each associated with increases in depression symptoms and anxiety/depression problems. After controlling for time-varying covariates, increases in cumulative prior years of weekly cannabis use, but not recent cannabis use, remained associated with increases in depression symptoms and anxiety/depression problems. Specifically, each additional year of prior weekly cannabis use was associated with a small increase in depression symptoms (b = 0.012, p = .005) and anxiety/depression problems (b = 0.009, p = .001). Associations did not vary systematically across time. There was also no evidence of reverse causation. As boys engaged in weekly cannabis use for more years, they showed increases in internalizing problems, suggesting the importance of preventing chronic weekly cannabis use.This study examined the associations between internalizing and externalizing symptoms during early adolescence and the subsequent development of Major Depressive Disorder. The role that temperament plays in predisposing individuals to these particular pathways was also examined. Temperament at approximately age 12 was used to produce a risk-enriched subsample of 243 (124 female) participants. Data was collected in four waves over 6-7 years roughly corresponding to ages 13, 15, 17 and 19. Participants were excluded from the study, prior to the first wave, based on current or prior depressive, substance-use, or eating disorders. Logistic regression analyses revealed that internalizing symptoms and social-externalizing problems were significant risk pathways to the development of depression. Moreover, mediation analyses revealed that high temperamental negative emotionality, high affiliation, low effortful control, and low surgency were significant vulnerability factors for depression via the internalizing symptom pathway, whereas low effortful control was the only significant predictor for depression via the social-externalizing problem pathway. As such, high levels of effortful control acted as a protective factor for the development of depression across both symptom pathways, suggesting that is may be an important target for prevention strategies.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression and the prognostic role of main factors, involved in the hypoxia pathway, in patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Immunohistochemical expression of Hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) HIF-1a, HIF-2a, prolyl hydroxylases PHD1, PHD2, PHD3, and factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) was assessed on a tissue microarray, containing tumour and corresponding normal kidney tissue from 66 patients underwent surgery for ccRCC. Expression levels were evaluated in relation to T stage, Fuhrman grade, cancer-specific, and overall survival (OS). Cytoplasmatic expression of HIF-2a was positively correlated with expression of HIF-1a (p = 0.011). click here HIF-1a expression was also positively correlated with PHD3 and FIH (p = 0.020 and p = 0.039). Expression of HIF-1a was associated with lower Fuhrman grade (p = 0.008), while HIF-2a overexpression with unfavourable grade (p = 0.026). PHD3 was significant downregulated (84.8%). Age, LDH, presence of necrosis, Fuhrman grade, T stage, and HIF-2a cytoplasmatic expression were significant associated with OS of patients in univariable analysis. In multivariable analysis, HIF-2a expression (p = 0.006) and T stage (p = 0.001) remained as the only independent predictors for overall survival. These results indicate that HIF-2a overexpression not only is inversely correlated with Fuhrman grade in ccRCC, but also represents a strong independent prognostic factor for a poor overall survival.Müller cells may have stem cell-like capability as they regenerate photoreceptor loss upon injury in some vertebrates, but not in mammals. Indeed, mammalian Müller cells undergo major cellular and molecular changes summarized as reactive gliosis. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) isoforms are multifunctional cytokines that play a central role, both in wound healing and in tissue repair. Here, we studied the role of TGFβ isoforms and their signaling pathways in response to injury induction during tissue regeneration in zebrafish and scar formation in mouse. Our transcriptome analysis showed a different activation of canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways and how they shaped the injury response. In particular, TGFβ3 promotes retinal regeneration via Smad-dependent canonical pathway upon regulation of junb gene family and mycb in zebrafish Müller cells. link2 However, in mice, TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 evoke the p38MAPK signaling pathway. The activation of this non-canonical pathway leads to retinal gliosis. Thus, the regenerative versus reparative effect of the TGFβ pathway observed may rely on the activation of different signaling cascades. This provides one explanation of the different injury response in zebrafish and mouse retina.Maize was one of the first eukaryotic species in which individual chromosomes can be identified cytologically, which made maize one of the oldest models for genetics and cytogenetics research. Nevertheless, consistent identification of all 10 chromosomes from different maize lines as well as from wild Zea species remains a challenge. We developed a new technique for maize chromosome identification based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We developed two oligonucleotide-based probes that hybridize to 24 chromosomal regions. Individual maize chromosomes show distinct FISH signal patterns, which allow universal identification of all chromosomes from different Zea species. We developed karyotypes from three Zea mays subspecies and two additional wild Zea species based on individually identified chromosomes. A paracentric inversion was discovered on the long arm of chromosome 4 in Z. nicaraguensis and Z. luxurians based on modifications of the FISH signal patterns. Chromosomes from these two species also showed distinct distribution patterns of terminal knobs compared with other Zea species. These results support that Z. nicaraguensis and Z. luxurians are closely related species.The health care needs and service experiences of higher education students require more research attention, given the increase in students who have a long-term illness, medical condition, or disability ("condition"). It is also important to consider the experiences of rising numbers of international students. This exploratory qualitative study used face-to-face interviews and the common-sense model of self-regulation to investigate students' perceptions and coping behaviours, in a higher education institution in the UK. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Twenty students who self-identified as having a condition were interviewed. This study adds depth to the understanding of the connections between students' health-related experiences and their personal, academic, and post-graduation aspirations and the support needs of students, including international students. To optimise institutional support, innovations in partnerships with local care organisations and within the university, staff training about conditions, peer mentorship, and information outreach especially to international students, should be considered.PURPOSE To use conflict resolution analysis on the conflict between proponents and opponents of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A), previously called preimplantation genetic screening (PGS). METHODS Considered in conflict analysis a case study, we reviewed the English literature based on key-word searches at www.pubmed.com and www.google.com, and interviewed professional opinion leaders and other actor-representatives. link3 This analysis was the product of a mandated externship by L.M. at the Foundation for Reproductive Medicine (FRM), as part of the Master of Science Program in Negotiations and Conflict Resolution at Columbia University, New York, NY. RESULTS Initially a typical difference of opinion, conflict evolved after proponents rejected studies that failed to confirm expected benefits, and authors felt demeaned by their criticism. Becoming "destructive," the conflict evolved according to Glasl's escalation model stages. Proponents became continuous attractors. Unable to produce validations for PGT-A, proponents moved goal posts through 3 stages (PGS 1.0-PGS 3.0). Ultimately concurring that pregnancy and live birth rates are unaffected, they started claiming new benefits. CONCLUSIONS The FRM underwrote this study as a starting tool for a conflict resolution process. A consensus building conference of stakeholders appears as of this point to represent the most promising potential intervention. The goal of such a conference should be sustainable consensus about clinical utilization of PGS/PGT-A in IVF, based on transparent and validated criteria. A potential date for such a conference is set for 2020.PURPOSE The purpose of the present paper is (1) to describe the occupational distribution of persons with incident back disorders and (2) to determine the incidence rate ratio (RR) for back pain amongst patients working in specific occupation groups. METHODS Using Danish registries, a total of 20,921 employed persons with incidents back disorders aged 18-64 years were identified in 2016 based on the inclusion criteria from the Danish Back Register. RR was estimated to test for differences in incident back disorder diagnoses across occupations. Pearson's Chi-square test was used to test for homogeneity in back disorder incidence across occupations. RESULTS The distribution of back disorder incidence for employed is above the distribution of employment in the background population for all age groups above 35 years. For employed women the three occupation groups with the highest RR of back pain incidence are 'water, sewage and waste'; 'residential institutions and home care'; and 'transport of passengers', while similarly, amongst employed men 'hairdressers and other personal care'; 'hospitals'; and 'cleaning'. RR of incident back pain disorders is lowest for women employed in 'universities and research' and for men employed in 'IT and telecommunications'. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to investigate the occupational status and RR of back disorder incidence across occupation groups in Denmark. The distribution of back pain disorder incidents in the cross-sectional study is weighted to occupation groups involving hard physical activity. This evidence may be useful for considering work environment or pension reforms. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
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