Notes

A genotoxicity assessment approach for organic materials proven along with Poria cocos.
Development of carbon dot-thiochrome-based feeling technique with regard to ratiometric fluorescence detection of D-penicillamine.
Thermoregulation associated with Liolaemus aparicioi (Iguania: Liolaemidae) along a thousand meters elevational incline within L . a . Paz Valley, La Paz, Bolivia.

Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major public health issue. In a context of limited diagnostic capacity with the reference technique (real-time RT-PCR), many manufacturers have developed rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). UCL-TRO-1938 cost UCL-TRO-1938 cost Although very promising in theory, these tests have raised many questions. This article is a rapid review that synthesizes data regarding different types of available RDTs, their performance, their limits and their potential indications in Tunisia as proposed by a multidisciplinary group of experts.

A literature review was carried out on the websites of international organizations, governmental bodies and on INAHTA database, completed by a search of relevant scientific articles up to 1 June 2020. The synthesis of the data was submitted to a panel of experts to propose recommendations for the Tunisian context.

RDTs based on the detection of antigens and antibodies have sensitivity and specificity related issues. Few validation reports are published in the scientific literature. Pending more evidence on their performance and validity, several international organizations recommend their use only for research purposes. TDRs based on antibody detection are not appropriate for the early diagnosis of COVID-19. However, validated and specific tests could provide complementary diagnostic information to reference tests.

Pending further evidence, the panel recommends the use of RDTs mainly for research purposes at the community level.
Pending further evidence, the panel recommends the use of RDTs mainly for research purposes at the community level.
For frontline healthcare workers (FHW) who are working with Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) patients, PPE is currently considered as one of the most discussed topics. Recommendation from international organizations concerning the use of PPE are broadly consistent but equipment use is not. No previous studies examined the use of PPE in Tunisia.

Evaluate the availability of personal protective equipment(PPE) in addition to the reality and perception regarding personal safety in workplace.

We carried out a cross-sectional survey from 15th April to 5th May 2020 across public and private institutions in Tunisia. A 33-item structured questionnaire was developed and administered to FHWs.

We received 723 responses. We found that there was a likely overuse of PPE in addition to a high rate of side effects caused by PPE.

Additional training in PPE use might be useful, and sessional work should be considered to decrease the side effects associated with PPE use.
Additional training in PPE use might be useful, and sessional work should be considered to decrease the side effects associated with PPE use.
The number of cases of SARS-Cov-2 contamination in Setif (Algeria) is constantly increasing, representing to date nearly 10% of all cases recorded throughout the country.

To evaluate the preventive measures taken by the service sector companies against the spread of the virus.

A survey of 115 service sector companies was carried out in the prefecture of Setif (Algeria). The data was collected using a pre-established questionnaire completed with one of the officials of the company and by direct observation.

A high prevalence (42%) of women put on leave was found. Physical meetings were held in 38% of the companies, hydroalcoholic solution was available for employees in 85% and for customers only in 4%. In more than 70% of cases, disinfection of surfaces, floors and door handles took place frequently. Safety distance between employees and customers was respected in 88%, between employees in 66% and between customers in 63% of the companies. link2 The wearing of a mask by all, the majority, some and none of the employees was observed in respectively 15%, 17%, 39% and 29% of the companies.

The preventive measures against the risk of contamination by Covid-19 infection taken in the visited companies were considered insufficient. An awareness campaign has been initiated to correct the shortcomings observed.
The preventive measures against the risk of contamination by Covid-19 infection taken in the visited companies were considered insufficient. An awareness campaign has been initiated to correct the shortcomings observed.The Covid-19 pandemic had a major psychosocial impact on the mental health of children and adolescents, especially when the childhas mental health problems. During containment, the healthcare structures were subject to a significant restriction of their activities. The child and adolescent psychiatry department of the Mongi Slim Hospital in Tunis has set up telephone follow-up for patients deemed to be at risk. This follow-up involved 166 cases, the majority of them were suffering from neurodevelopmental disorders, followed by depressive disorders and adjustment disorders. A third of the patients had reported a worsening of the symptoms during the containment and a third had reported clinical improvement. During this follow-up, recommendations were made to parents to limit the negative impact of Covid-19 pandemic. Maintaining follow-up of patients with mental disorders by telemedicine is a major challenge in order to prevent the repercussions of this pandemic in the long term.
Because of the mandatory sanitary measures established during the Covid-19 Pandemic, we have proposed to describe the new clinical, educative, and research practices of an international sample of doctors.

We have used an online electronic survey of a convenient sample of doctors from 40 countries using a multiple-choice online questionnaire, including three domains. 424 out of 456 respondents provided adequate responses.

Most respondents were from medical (51.5%) and surgical (11.8%) specialties. Over half of the respondents practiced in academic centers and one fifth in the private sector. UCL-TRO-1938 cost link2 Coronavirus pandemic induced frequent changes in practice, such as seeing fewer patients in clinics than usual (34.9%) and utilization of telemedicine (31.3%). A significant disruption in medical education activities and residents' training was observed, resulting in the cancellation of many activities such as grand rounds, departmental and multidisciplinary meetings, and case conferences with over-reliance on virtual and on-demand educational sessions. The residents' supervision and support were significantly reduced. Almost 16% of respondents were involved in research work on coronavirus pandemic while a third continued their usual research activity, but half were not involved in any research at the time of the survey.

The COVID19 pandemic has promoted new practices in the field as the recourse to telemedicine, virtual conferences, and thematic researches on COVID-19. link2 The unexpected situation has opened new prospects for future doctors' preparation for these new means of practice and learning of medicine.
The COVID19 pandemic has promoted new practices in the field as the recourse to telemedicine, virtual conferences, and thematic researches on COVID-19. The unexpected situation has opened new prospects for future doctors' preparation for these new means of practice and learning of medicine.Dealing with COVID-19 pandemic raised several issues regarding aerosol generating procedures such High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) and Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV). Adequately managing patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, while, ensuring caregivers' safety is of utmost importance. Recommendations regarding aerosol generating procedures are, certainly, required to guide therapeutic attitudes in this context. However, excessive fear of contamination could interfere with patients' management. link3 The present paper discussesthe place of aerosol generating procedures such as HFNC and NIV in the management of COVID-19 and does fear of aerosolization, solely, justifies the avoidance of these methods.Covid-19 pandemic was associated to fear among patients, doctors and nurses, it was responsible of a work impairment in health structures organisation. link3 All patients were at home, only Covid patients were at hospital. Our country has a quick reaction, we declared the pandemic as a social disease with free management. All hospital had the order to create their own Covid-19 circuit. We report the experience of our hospital in the crisis management with the creation of the circuit, its organisation, the management of the different financial, technical, human, sanitary, psychological and logistical aspects. The great point of this crisis was the fear, stress of caregivers for themselves and their families. The other point for members of Covid Cell was the race against time, the learning of a new job a manager or a polyvalent chief. The presence of a Covid-19 circuit is necessary for each hospital at the epidemic time but it must be managed by infectious diseases doctors, lung specialists, intensive care givers and emergency room caregivers in collaboration. An enhancement of the structures is necessary at the level of medical wards and beds of intensive care.
To compile the lessons learned in the Greater Maghreb, during the first six months of the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, in the field of preparation of health systems.

An expert consultation was conducted during the first week of May 2020, using the "Delphi" technique. An email was sent to them requesting the formulation of a lesson, in the form of a "Public Health" good practice recommendation. The final text of the lessons was finalized by the group coordinator and validated by the signatories of the manuscript.

A list of five lessons for the preparation of the national health systems of the Greater Maghreb for the fight against epidemics, was deduced and approved 1. Liberal health systems are incapable of managing epidemics; 2. link3 The specialties of "Public Health" are often marginalized; 3. Health personnel in the Maghreb are doubly devalued; 4. Flagrant regional disparities in the field of health care are still observed; 5. A general shortage of preventive equipment and medical devices has been noted.

Based on the evaluation of the performance of the Maghreb fight against COVID-19, characterized by the vulnerability of the preparation of health systems, this list of lessons could constitute a roadmap for the reform of health systems. Maghrebian health, towards more performance in managing possible waves of COVID-19 or new emerging diseases with epidemic tendency.
Based on the evaluation of the performance of the Maghreb fight against COVID-19, characterized by the vulnerability of the preparation of health systems, this list of lessons could constitute a roadmap for the reform of health systems. Maghrebian health, towards more performance in managing possible waves of COVID-19 or new emerging diseases with epidemic tendency.Biermer's anemia is an auto immune disease that can lead to neurological manifestations. Medullary combined sclerosis accounts for only 10% of neurological complications. There are few reports of documented bone marrow involvement by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Observation We report a case of combined sclerosis of the cervical spinal cord assessed by cerebro-medullary MRI in a context of vitamin B12 deficiency in a 36-year-old patient who was hospitalized in the intensive care unit for septic shock with respiratory starting point, requiring the use of mechanical ventilation for 13 days and the discovery in post-extubation of pancytopenia with macrocytic anemia and flasquo-spasmodic tetraparesis prompting an emergency MRI showing combined sclerosis of the spinal cord , with vitamin B12 deficiency and megaloblastic anemia at the myelogram. The patient had benefited of vitamin therapy combined with a physical rehabilitation and the evolution was marked by a recovery of walking and normalization of biology after 2 months.
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