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Currently, there are several computational methods for stiffness during a hopping task, but they do not necessarily yield the same values. Therefore, it is essential that the simplicity of the equipment used does not affect the measurement validity. The aim of this study is to compare the stiffness values during a hopping task recorded in a laboratory environment and those acquired using the Myotest accelerometer. The measurements were performed on a group of 30 untrained female students (age 23.0 ± 1.7 years, body height 1.72 ± 0.07 m, and body mass 64.8 ± 10.0 kg). According to the manual for the Myotest accelerometric system, each study participant performed three sets of 5 hops. Vertical stiffness was determined based on two measurement methods, one using the Myotest accelerometer and the other using Kistler force plates. The mean value (±SD) of vertical stiffness was 19.0 ± 9.3 kN/m in the countermovement phase and 15.1 ± 5.9 kN/m in the take-off phase. Furthermore, the stiffness determined using the Myotest was 30.7 ± 13.3 kN/m. BLU9931 cost However, significant relationships between the vertical stiffness in the countermovement phase and the Myotest stiffness (r = 0.79) and between the vertical stiffness in the take-off phase and the Myotest stiffness (r = 0.89) were found. The relationships between the vertical stiffness (in the countermovement and take-off phases) and the stiffness estimated using the Myotest allow us to conclude that despite the significantly overestimated stiffness value, the Myotest accelerometer can still be used for determination of the stiffness trends, e.g., following training. The overestimated stiffness values can result both from inaccuracy in the determination of ground contact time and flight time by the Myotest accelerometer and from the use of an equation that assumes that the movement of the center of mass has a harmonic profile.Purpose Psychological well-beings of left-behind children (LBC) in rural areas of China remain under-studied. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to explore the subjective well-being (SWB) in LBC and its associated factors in a rural area in eastern China. Methods Stratified random cluster sampling was used to select middle school and high school students in Qingyuan County of Zhejiang Province. Relevant information including sociodemographic characteristics was collected from each participant using an organized questionnaire. SWB was measured using the modified scale developed for Chinese adolescents. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed using R version 3.3.0. Results A total of 1086 children were recruited and examined in the current analysis, with 365 (33.61%) being left-behind. Compared with non-left-behind children (NLBC), LBC had significantly lower scores in family satisfaction (P = 0.003) and environment satisfaction (P = 0.020). Multivariable regression analysis uncovered that frequent parent-child communication was associated with high positive affect (P = 0.003) and life satisfaction (P less then 0.001), and the type of caregivers was associated with negative affect among LBC (P = 0.037). Conclusions Our results suggest SWB was lower in LBC, and targeted interventions including strengthening parental-child communication should be developed and implemented to improve LBC's SWB in rural areas of China.Introduction Since decades, the health system of Afghanistan has been in disarray due to ongoing conflict. We aimed to explore the direct effects of conflict on provision of reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health and nutrition (RMNCAH&N) services and describe the contextual factors influencing these services. Method We conducted a quantitative analysis of secondary data on RMNCAH&N indicators and undertook a supportive qualitative study to help understand processes and contextual factors. For quantitative analysis, we stratified the various provinces of Afghanistan into minimal-, moderate- and severe conflict categories based on battle-related deaths from Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) and through accessibility of health services using a Delphi methodology. The coverage of RMNCAH&N indicators across the continuum of care were extracted from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS). The qualitative data was captured by conducting key infoy conflict in Afghanistan over the last several years. This has been further compromised by poor infrastructure, weak stewardship and poor capacity and collaboration at all levels. With the potential of peace and conflict resolution in Afghanistan, we would underscore the importance of continued oversight and integrated implementation of sustainable, grass root RMNCAH&N services with a focus on reaching the most marginalized.Background At present, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is spreading all over the world, with disastrous consequences for people of all countries. The traditional Chinese medicine prescription Dayuanyin (DYY), a classic prescription for the treatment of plague, has shown significant effects in the treatment of COVID-19. However, its specific mechanism of action has not yet been clarified. This study aims to explore the mechanism of action of DYY in the treatment of COVID-19 with the hope of providing a theoretical basis for its clinical application. Methods First, the TCMSP database was searched to screen the active ingredients and corresponding target genes of the DYY prescription and to further identify the core compounds in the active ingredient. Simultaneously, the Genecards database was searched to identify targets related to COVID-19. Then, the STRING database was applied to analyse protein-protein interaction, and Cytoscape s regulating immune function. Second, the molecular docking results showed that there was a certain affinity between the core compounds (kaempferol, quercetin, 7-Methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone, naringenin, formononetin) and core target genes (IL6, IL1B, CCL2). Finally, clinical studies showed that the level of IL6 was elevated in COVID-19 patients, and DYY can reduce its levels. Conclusions DYY may treat COVID-19 through multiple targets, multiple channels, and multiple pathways and is worthy of clinical application and promotion.Purpose To investigate the effect of total glucoside of paeony (TGP) on gut microbiota in NOD mice with Sjögren's syndrome (SS), using high-throughput sequencing of 16SrRNA gene. Methods Twenty-four NOD mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 6 per group) sham group receiving deionized water (0.4 ml), hydroxychloroquin group receiving hydroxychloroquin (0.4 ml), TGP group receiving TGP (0.4 ml), and TGP + hydroxychloroquin group receiving 0.4 ml TGP and 0.4 ml hydroxychloroquin. Balb/c mice (n = 6) receiving 0.4 ml deionized water were used as a control group. After intragastric injection of drugs for 8 weeks, feces were collected for high-throughput sequencing of 16SrRNA gene. Results The sequencing of 16SrRNA gene resulted in 3686 OTUs, and 10 phyla and 69 genera were identified. Compared with the control group, the indices of Chao, Ace and Shannon in the other 4 groups were significantly lower (P less then 0.05), and the Simpson index were significantly higher in the TGP, hydroxychloroquine, and shacteroidetes and Pseudoflavonifractor of Phylum Firmicutes was significantly decreased in the TGP + hydroxychloroquine group (P less then 0.05). Compared with the hydroxychloroquine group, the abundance of Akkermansia of Phylum Verrucomicrobia was significantly decreased in the TGP and TGP + hydroxychloroquine groups (P less then 0.05). The abundance of Alistipes of Phylum Bacteroidetes and Desulfovibrio of Phylum Proteobacteria was significantly increased in the TGP + hydroxychloroquine group (P less then 0.05). Conclusions TGP increases the growth of many key beneficial bacteria, inhibits the growth of dominant pathogenic bacteria, and increases the diversity and abundance of gut microorganisms, especially when combined with hydroxychloroquine. Our findings suggest that TGP may be effective to treat SS by improving the microecological structure of the gut.Background Plant discrimination is of relevance for taxonomic, evolutionary, breeding and nutritional studies. To this purpose, evidence is reported to demonstrate TBP (Tubulin-Based-Polymorphism) as a DNA-based method suitable for assessing plant diversity. Results Exploiting one of the most valuable features of TBP, that is the convenient and immediate application of the assay to groups of individuals that may belong to different taxa, we show that the TBP method can successfully discriminate different agricultural species and their crop wild relatives within the Papilionoideae subfamily. Detection of intraspecific variability is demonstrated by the genotyping of 27 different accessions of Phaseolus vulgaris. Conclusions These data illustrate TBP as a useful and versatile tool for plant genotyping. Since its potential has not yet been fully appreciated by the scientific community, we carefully report all the experimental details of a successful TBP protocol, while describing different applications, so that the method can be replicated in other laboratories.Background The number of studies using third-generation sequencing utilising Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) is rapidly increasing in many different research areas. Among them, plant full-length single-molecule transcriptome studies have mostly used PacBio sequencing, whereas ONT is rarely used. Therefore, in this study, we examined ONT RNA sequencing methods in plants. We performed a detailed evaluation of reads from PacBio, Nanopore direct cDNA (ONT Dc), and Nanopore PCR cDNA (ONT Pc) sequencing including characteristics of raw data and identification of transcripts. In addition, matched Illumina data were generated for comparison. Results ONT Pc showed overall better raw data quality, whereas PacBio generated longer read lengths. In the transcriptome analysis, PacBio and ONT Pc performed similarly in transcript identification, simple sequence repeat analysis, and long non-coding RNA prediction. PacBio was superior in identifying alternative splicing events, whereas ONT Pc could estimate transcript expression levels. Conclusions This paper made a comprehensive comparison of PacBio and nanopore-based RNA sequencing of the Arabidopsis transcriptome, the results indicate that ONT Pc is more cost-effective for generating extremely long reads and can characterise the transcriptome as well as quantify transcript expression. Therefore, ONT Pc is a new cost-effective and worthwhile method for full-length single-molecule transcriptome analysis in plants.Background The aim of this study was to determine if there is an increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) resulting from workplace mobbing measured with two mobbing instruments in the Gutenberg Health Study. Methods In this prospective study, we examined working persons younger than 65 years for the presence of mobbing at baseline and at a 5-year follow-up using a single-item and a 5-item instrument. We used multivariate models to investigate the association between mobbing and incident CVD, hypertension, and change in arterial stiffness and further stratified the models by sex. Results After adjustment for confounders, mobbed workers appeared to have a higher risk of incident CVD than those not mobbed (single-item HR = 1.28, 95% CI 0.73-2.24; 5-item HR = 1.57, 95% CI 0.96-2.54). With the 5-item instrument, men who reported mobbing had a higher risk of incident CVD (HR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.01-3.09), while no association was observed for women (HR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.38-2.91). There was no difference in risks between men and women with the single-item instrument.
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