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Quality of air Above Major Cities associated with Saudi Arabic Throughout Hajj Times associated with 2019 and also 2020.
PURPOSE The optimal management of malignant extrinsic ureteral obstruction (MUO) remains unclear. It is necessary to assess the patient prognosis in deciding the adaptation of drainage of renal pelvis. In this study, we investigated the clinical outcomes after ureteral stenting for MUO and the predictive factors for overall survival in order to create a risk-stratification model. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and laboratory data of 93 patients with radiologically significant hydronephrosis associated with MUO who underwent successful stent placement between May 2005 and May 2018. RESULTS The median survival duration after the initial stent insertion was 266 days. Of the 93 patients, 70 died, and the median interval from the first stent insertion to death was 160 days. Multivariate analysis showed that gastric cancer as the primary disease, poor performance status before stenting, and treatment after stent insertion were significant predictors of survival. LY2874455 According to these three factors, we stratified patients into the following four prognostic groups no-factor (43 patients), one-factor (23 patients), two-factor (23 patients), and three-factor (4 patients) groups. This classification was effective for predicting survival, and the median survival durations in these groups were 807, 269, 44, and 12 days, respectively (p  less then  0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our stratification model of patients with a poor prognosis after ureteral stent placement for MUO may allow urologists and clinicians to identify patients who will benefit from ureteral stenting.In vitro models of angiogenesis are valuable tools for understanding the underlying mechanisms of pathological conditions and for the preclinical evaluation of therapies. Our laboratory developed the rat mesentery culture model as a new tool for investigating mechanistic cell-cell interactions at specific locations across intact blood and lymphatic microvascular networks ex vivo. The objective of this study was to report a method for evaluating the effect of aging on human stem cell differentiation into pericytes during angiogenesis in cultured microvascular networks. DiI labeled exogenous stem cells were seeded onto harvested adult Wistar rat mesenteric tissues and cultured in alpha-MEM + 1% serum for up to 5 days according to four experimental groups (1) adult human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs), (2) aged hASCs, (3) adult human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hBMSCs), and (4) aged hBMSCs. Angiogenesis per experimental group was supported by observation of increased vessel density and capillary sprouting. For each tissue per experimental group, a subset of cells was observed in typical pericyte location wrapped along blood vessels. Stem cell differentiation into pericytes was supported by the adoption of elongated pericyte morphology along endothelial cells and positive NG2 labeling. The percentage of cells in pericyte locations was not significantly different across the experimental groups, suggesting that aged mesenchymal stem cells are able to retain their differentiation capacity. Our results showcase an application of the rat mesentery culture model for aging research and the evaluation of stem cell fate within intact microvascular networks.We evaluated various agricultural lignocellulosic biomass and variety of fungi to produce cellulolytic enzymes cocktail to yield high amount of reducing sugars. Solid-state fermentation was performed using water hyacinth, paddy straw, corn straw, soybean husk/tops, wheat straw, and sugarcane bagasse using fungi like Nocardiopsis sp. KNU, Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus flavus, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium alone and in combination to produce cellulolytic enzymes. Water hyacinth produced (U ml-1) endoglucanase (51.13) and filter paperase (0.55), and corn straw produced (U ml-1) β-glucosidase (4.65), xylanase (113.32), and glucoamylase (41.27) after 7-day incubation using Nocardiopsis sp. KNU. Production of cellulolytic enzymes was altered due to addition of various nitrogen sources, metal ions, vitamins, and amino acids. The maximum cellulolytic enzymes were produced by P. chrysosporium (endoglucanase; 166.32 U ml-1 and exoglucanase; 12.20 U ml-1), and by T. viride (filter paperase; 1.57 U ml-1). Among all, co-culture of T. reesei, T. viride, A. flavus, and P. chrysosporium showed highest β-glucosidase (17.05 U ml-1). The highest xylanase (1129 U ml-1) was observed in T. viride + P. chrysosporium co-culture. This study revealed the dependency on substrate and microorganism to produce good quality enzyme cocktail to obtain maximum reducing sugars.Liquid marble (LM), a non-stick drop coated with micro- or nano-scale particles, has great potential in a wide range of applications. LMs have an advantageous feature in which gas or vapor can freely transport through their particle shell; therefore, it makes them an ideal candidate to be utilized as microbioreactor containing aerobic microorganisms. In this study, safer and more biocompatible LMs were successfully prepared using a food-grade calcium stearate microparticle as a stabilizer. As the volume of core liquid increased, the height of LM increased and reached a constant value, as a similar trend has been reported in conventional LMs. The drying rate curve of the LMs confirmed that the LMs have a similar pattern with the drying of typical wet powders. The drying rate depended on the salt species in the core solution and the environmental humidity. For instance, in the case of MgCl2, by changing humidity from 40 to 80% RH, the lifetime of LMs (time in which the LM dried completely) was increased to about 900 min. This is nearly three times longer than those have no salt and at 40% RH. Model aerobic bacteria Bacillus subtilis has actively proliferated inside the LM during 24-h incubation. Comparing with the test tube cultivations under O2-rich stationary or O2 rich-shaken conditions, the cultivation in the LM system showed a higher proliferation than the test tube systems. As a conclusion, we demonstrated that the calcium stearate LM system would be an ideal candidate for safer and easily available microbioreactor containing aerobic bacteria.
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