Notes

Neutrophil extracellular tiger traps and neutrophil-derived mediators as possible biomarkers throughout symptoms of asthma.
Despite the crucial role of exercise in the prevention of comorbidities and complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), people living with the disease are often insufficiently physically active, mainly due to the fear of hypoglycaemia. Research using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices has shown that exercise affects glycaemic control in T1DM for over 24h. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is, therefore, to investigate the delayed effects of different exercise modalities on glycaemic control in adults with T1DM.

The literature search of experimental studies was conducted on PubMed, SPORTDiscus and EMBASE from January 2000 to September 2019. Twelve studies using CGM devices were included. Compared to endurance, intermittent exercise increased the time spent in hypoglycaemia (0.62, 0.07 to 1.18; standardised effect size, 95% CI) and reduced the mean interstitial glucose concentration (-0.88, -1.45 to -0.33). No differences emerged in the time spent in hyperglycaemia (-0.07, -0.58 to 0.45) or in the proportion of exercisers experiencing hypoglycaemic events (0.82, 0.45 to 1.49; proportion ratio, 95% CI) between conditions. The systematic review also found a reduced risk of hypoglycaemia if exercise is performed in the morning rather than in the afternoon, and with a 50% rapid-acting insulin reduction. It was not possible to determine the benefits of resistance exercise.

For the first time, we systematically investigated the delayed effect of exercise in adults with T1DM, highlighted undetected effects, shortcomings in the existing literature, and provided suggestions to design future comparable studies.
For the first time, we systematically investigated the delayed effect of exercise in adults with T1DM, highlighted undetected effects, shortcomings in the existing literature, and provided suggestions to design future comparable studies.
Both the Nordic and Mediterranean diets claim to have a beneficial effect on lipid metabolism and cardiovascular prevention. The objective of this study was to compare diets consumed by children with FH at the time of diagnosis in Norway and Spain and to study their relationship with the lipid profile.

In this cross-sectional study, we appraised the dietary intake in children (4-18 years old) with (n=114) and without FH (n=145) from Norway and Spain. We compared Nordic and Mediterranean diet composition differences and determined the association between food groups and lipid profiles.

The Spanish FH group had a higher intake of total fats (mainly monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)), cholesterol and fibre, but a lower intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) compared to the Norwegian FH group. The Norwegian children consumed more rapeseed oil, low-fat margarine and whole grains and less olive oil, eggs, fatty fish, meat, legumes and nuts. click here In the Norwegian FH group, fat and MUFAs were directly correlated with total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B and inversely correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C). In Spanish children with FH, the intake of fats (mainly MUFAs) was directly associated with HDL-C and apolipoprotein A1.

Despite a similar lipid phenotype, diets consumed by children with FH in Norway and Spain have significant differences at time of diagnosis. Nutrition advice should be more adapted to local intake patterns than on specific nutrient composition.
Despite a similar lipid phenotype, diets consumed by children with FH in Norway and Spain have significant differences at time of diagnosis. Nutrition advice should be more adapted to local intake patterns than on specific nutrient composition.
Diabetic foot (DF) disease is a current health and social burden. The authors aimed to identify the barriers to the DF management across Italy.

A questionnaire was submitted to Italian centres dedicated to DF care. The questionnaire was composed of 12 questions focused on the barriers to the DF management including timing of referral, hospital management, and community follow-up. Each centre could answer by choosing a score from 1 to 5 for every item with the following numerical variables 1=never; 2=rarely; 3=sometimes; 4=often; 5=always. Accordingly, for each item a national and regional score was reported and a comparison between regions was carried out. National and regional scores were estimated using the total score for each item as a numerator and the number of national centres included as a denominator. Among 102 centres, 99 were included and 3 were excluded due to missing data. The 99 centres belonged to 16 regions with the following distribution Calabria 4, Campania 5, Emilia-Romagna 14, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia 4, Lazio 12, Liguria 4, Lombardy 10, Marche 1, Molise 1, Piedmont 5, Apulia 5, Sardinia 5, Sicily 4, Tuscany 11, Veneto 9, Umbria 5. The items with the highest score were late referral (3.3) and urgent surgery (3.2). The regions with the highest score were Molise (3.9) and Calabria (3.5).

The main issues across Italy were late referral and the requirement for urgent surgery for acute DF. In the regional scenario, the southern central areas showed more barriers than northern regions.
The main issues across Italy were late referral and the requirement for urgent surgery for acute DF. In the regional scenario, the southern central areas showed more barriers than northern regions.
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) are crucial proteins in reverse cholesterol transport. There are insufficient data on regulating these proteins by insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We aimed to assess prospectively the impact of insulin therapy initiation on transfer proteins serum levels in adults with newly diagnosed T1DM.

57 adults with newly diagnosed T1DM were enrolled in the InLipoDiab1 Study. All participants were treated with subcutaneous insulin in the model of intensive insulin therapy since the diagnosis of diabetes. Serum PLTP and CETP concentrations were measured at diagnosis, after three weeks, six months, and after one year of insulin treatment, using the immunoenzymatic method ELISA. A significant decrease in PLTP and CETP concentrations were demonstrated during twelve months of insulin therapy in newly diagnosed T1DM. The dynamics of changes in the level of these proteins varied depending on the occurrence of remission after a year of the disease. In the group without remission, a significant decrease in PLTP and CETP levels appeared after six months of follow-up. The remission group was characterized by a decrease in proteins concentration only after one year of treatment. In the non-remission group, significant negative correlations were found between the daily dose of insulin and levels of PLTP and CETP.

Exogenous insulin is an inhibitor of lipid transfer proteins involved in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism in the first year of treatment.
Exogenous insulin is an inhibitor of lipid transfer proteins involved in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism in the first year of treatment.
There is debate over the independent and combined effects of caloric restriction (CR) and physical activity (PA) on reduction in fat mass and in epicardial fat thickness. We compared the impact of a similar energy deficit prescription by CR or by CR combined with PA on total fat mass, epicardial fat thickness, and cardiometabolic profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

In this 16-week randomized controlled study, 73 individuals were randomly enrolled to receive 1) a monthly motivational phone call (Control), 2) a caloric deficit of -700 kilocalories/day (CR), or 3) a caloric deficit of -500 kilocalories/day combined with a PA program of -200 kilocalories/day (CR&PA). Total fat mass, epicardial fat, and cardiometabolic profile were measured at baseline and after 16 weeks. While comparable weight loss occurred in both intervention groups (-3.9±3.5kg [CR], -5.1±4.7kg [CR&PA], -0.2±2.9kg [Control]), changes in total fat mass were significantly different between all groups (-2.4±2.9kg [CR], -4.5±3.4kg [CR&PA], +0.1±2.1kg [Control]; p<0.05) as well as epicardial fat thickness (-0.4±1.6mm [CR], -1.4±1.4mm [CR&PA], +1.1±1.3mm [Control]; p<0.05). There were no significant differences in trends for cardiometabolic parameters improvement between groups.

For a similar energy deficit prescription and comparable weight loss, the combination of CR&PA provides a greater reduction in fat mass and epicardial fat thickness than CR alone in individuals with comparable weight loss and with a similar energy deficit prescription. These results, however, do not translate into significant improvements in cardiometabolic profiles. CLINICALTRIALS.

NCT01186952.
NCT01186952.
Western dietary habits are partially characterized by increased uptake of fructose, which contributes to metabolic dysregulation and associated liver diseases. For example, a diet enriched with fructose drives insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The molecular hubs that control fructose-induced metabolic dysregulation are poorly understood. Apolipoprotein A5 (apoA5) controls triglyceride metabolism with a putative role in hepatic lipid deposition. We explored apoA5 as a rheostat for fructose-induced hepatic and metabolic disease in mammals.

ApoA5 knock out (-/-) and wildtype (wt) mice were fed with high fructose diet or standard diet for 10 weeks. Afterwards, we conducted a metabolic characterization by insulin tolerance test as well as oral glucose tolerance test. Additionally, hepatic lipid content as well as transcription patterns of key enzymes and transcription factors in glucose and lipid metabolism were evaluated. Despite comparable body weight, insulin sensitivity was significantly improved in high fructose diet fed apoA5 (-/-) when compared to wildtype mice on the same diet. In parallel, hepatic triglyceride content was significantly lower in apoA5 (-/-) mice than in wt mice. No difference was seen between apoA5 (-/-) and wt mice on a standard diet.

ApoA5 is involved in fructose-induced metabolic dysregulation and associated hepatic steatosis suggesting that apoA5 may be a novel target to treat metabolic diseases.
ApoA5 is involved in fructose-induced metabolic dysregulation and associated hepatic steatosis suggesting that apoA5 may be a novel target to treat metabolic diseases.
As reported, hypertension may play an important role in adverse outcomes of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), but it still had many confounding factors. The aim of this study was to explore whether hypertension is an independent risk factor for critical COVID-19 and mortality.

The Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched until November 2020. Combined odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence interval (CIs) were calculated by using random-effect models, and the effect of covariates was analyzed using the subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis. A total of 24 observational studies with 99,918 COVID-19 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The proportions of hypertension in critical COVID-19 were 37% (95% CI 0.27 -0.47) when compared with 18% (95% CI 0.14 -0.23) of noncritical COVID-19 patients, in those who died were 46% (95%CI 0.37 -0.55) when compared with 22% (95% CI 0.16 -0.28) of survivors. Pooled results based on the adjusted OR showed that patients with hypertension had a 1.
Here's my website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/vx803-m4344.html