Notes

Lab-made 3D-printed add-ons with regard to spectroscopy along with spectroelectrochemistry: a symbol of principle to research energetic interfacial and also surface area phenomena.
es. These findings have implications for food access in rural tribal communities. Copyright © The Author(s) 2019.Background The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) provide dietary recommendations for the general population with the intent of preventing chronic disease such as cardiovascular disease. An evaluation of whether updated versions of the DGAs accomplish this goal is lacking. Objective The objective of this project was to determine whether updates to DGAs over time, reflected in subsequent versions of diet quality indices, strengthened the associations between diet quality and risk of cardiovascular disease outcomes. Methods Dietary data collected using an FFQ in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort were used to assess adherence to sequential versions of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) (1990, 2005, 2010, and 2015) and Alternative HEI (2000 and 2010) (n = 3267). We conducted prospective analyses using Cox regression to estimate the associations between diet indices and incident cardiovascular disease outcomes. Results Among the 3267 study participants, 54% were female, mean age was 55 y, and BMI was 27 kg/m2. There were a total of 544 events for the composite outcome of cardiovascular diseases (324 coronary artery disease events, 153 stroke events, and 187 heart failure events). Adherence to any dietary index was inversely associated with risk of cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, and heart failure, but not stroke. Compared with HEI-1990, scores for the more recent diet indices were more strongly associated with coronary artery disease risk, but not cardiovascular disease, heart failure, or stroke. Conclusions More recent iterations of diet indices, reflecting updates to the DGAs over time, are more strongly associated with risk of incident coronary artery disease than the original diet index (HEI-1990). Copyright © The Author(s) 2019.Background Exosomes transfer regulatory microRNAs (miRs) from donor cells to recipient cells. Exosomes and miRs originate from both endogenous synthesis and dietary sources such as milk. miR-200a-3p is a negative regulator of the proinflammatory chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9). Male Mdr1a-/- mice spontaneously develop clinical signs of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Objectives We assessed whether dietary depletion of exosomes and miRs alters the severity of IBD in Mdr1a-/- mice owing to aberrant regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Methods Starting at 5 wk of age, 16 male Mdr1a-/- mice were fed either milk exosome- and RNA-sufficient (ERS) or milk exosome- and RNA-depleted (ERD) diets. The ERD diet is characterized by a near-complete depletion of miRs and a 60% loss of exosome bioavailability compared with ERS. Mice were killed when their weight loss exceeded 15% of peak body weight. Severity of IBD was assessed by histopathological evaluation of cecum. Serum cytokine and chemokine concentrations and mRNA and miR tissue expression were analyzed by multiplex ELISAs, RNA-sequencing analysis, and qRT-PCR, respectively. Results Stromal collapse, gland hyperplasia, and additive microscopic disease scores were (mean ± SD) 56.7% ± 23.3%, 23.5% ± 11.8%, and 29.6% ± 8.2% lower, respectively, in ceca of ERS mice than of ERD mice (P less then 0.05). The serum concentration of CXCL9 was 35.0% ± 31.0% lower in ERS mice than in ERD mice (P less then 0.05). Eighty-seven mRNAs were differentially expressed in the ceca from ERS and ERD mice; 16 of these mRNAs are implicated in immune function. The concentrations of 4 and 1 out of 5 miRs assessed (including miR-200a-3p) were ≤63% lower in livers and ceca, respectively, from ERD mice than from ERS mice. Conclusions Milk exosome and miR depletion exacerbates cecal inflammation in Mdr1a-/- mice. Copyright © The Author(s) 2019.Background Epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to water disinfection by-products (DBPs) may increase the risk of certain birth defects. However, evidence for musculoskeletal defects (MSDs) is limited. Previous MSD studies have not examined DBPs beyond trihalomethanes (THMs) and have not separately examined limb or diaphragm defects which may have distinct developmental etiologies. Methods We calculated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) in a registry-based case-control study of birth defects in Massachusetts with complete quarterly 1999-2004 data on four THMs and five haloacetic acids (HAAs). We matched 10 controls each to 187 MSD cases based on week of conception. Weight-averaged town-level first-trimester DBP exposures were individually assigned based on residence at birth. We adjusted THM models for exposure to the sum of five HAAs (HAA5), and HAA models for the sum of four THMs (THM4). Results We detected positive exposure-response associations for all grouped MSDs with THM4 quintiles (aOR range 1.90-3.18) and chloroform quartiles (aOR range 1.30-2.21), and for reduction of upper or lower limbs with chloroform quartiles (aOR range 2.39-3.52). We detected elevated aORs for diaphragmatic hernia with DBP9 (sum of THM4 and HAA5), and chloroform and bromodichloromethane tertiles and an exposure-response relationship for THM4 tertiles (aOR range 1.67-1.80). Conclusions This is the first epidemiological study to examine HAAs in relation to MSDs. Given the indirect nature of our exposure assessment data and small case numbers, the exposure-response relationships that we detected for THM4 and chloroform warrant further investigation.Purpose Reproductive autonomy is associated with educational attainment, advanced employment, and well-being. While U.S. Latinas use contraception to control their own childbearing and have reported a desire to do so, they often use it inconsistently and have the lowest rates of contraceptive use of any group. Reasons previously cited for why Latinas do not use contraception compared with non-Latino white women include lack of access, lack of knowledge, language barriers, emphasis on large families, machismo, and religiosity. These reasons are often overly simplistic and can lead to widespread generalizations about Latinas. Methods Using focus groups and semistructured interviews from November 2014 through June 2015, this study describes the family planning perspectives and experiences of 16 Latinas living in Baltimore and recruited from two federally qualified health centers. A social determinant of health framework was used to guide identification of important concepts and explain findings. Results Results demonstrated that respondents reported contraceptive agency and claimed autonomy over their bodies; described a sense of responsibility and often expressed caution about having families too large to care for; expressed educational and career aspirations; and perceived contraception as critical for the postponement of childbearing to achieve their goals. Conclusion The patient/provider encounter should include communication that recognizes all patient preferences and lived experiences to support vulnerable and/or marginalized Latinas in their desires to control their own childbearing and life choices. selleck chemicals © Diana N. Carvajal and Ruth Enid Zambrana 2020; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon endocrine malignancy with limited treatment options. While the overall 5-year survival rate in patients with ACC is 35%, the disease is often rapidly progressive with long-term survival in only 5% of patients. Although tumor stage, grade, and excess hormonal activity predict unfavorable prognosis, additional biomarkers are needed to identify patients with aggressive disease. A 23-year-old woman presented with rapidly progressing signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome, with associated abdominal pain and fullness. Evaluation revealed a large left adrenal mass which had developed over 8 months. En bloc surgical resection was performed by an endocrine surgeon, and pathology revealed adrenocortical carcinoma with Ki67 of 60%. Despite adjuvant treatment with mitotane and etoposide-doxorubicin-carboplatin chemotherapy, the patient had rapid disease progression with metastatic spread to liver, lung, bone, brain, and leptomeningies, and she died 11 months after the initial diagnosis. Subsequent analysis of the patient's tumor revealed mutations in TP53 and MEN1. RNA sequencing was compared against the the Cancer Genome Atlas data set and clustered with the high steroid, proliferative subtype, associated with the worst prognosis. The tumor also demonstrated a low BUB1B/PINK1 ratio and G0S2 hypermethylation, both predictive of very aggressive ACC. This case represents a subset of ACC characterized by rapid and fatal progression. Clinically available predictors as well as recently reported molecular signatures and biomarkers correlated with this tumor's aggressiveness, suggesting that development and validation of combinations of biomarkers may be useful in guiding personalized approaches to patients with ACC. © Endocrine Society 2020.Background and Aims Certain situations preclude an endoscopic gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) or enteral stent placement in gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), leaving patients with the option of a surgical bypass or enteral nutrition beyond the point of obstruction. We present a third option in these situations an endoscopic duodenojejunostomy (EUS-DJ) or jejunojejunostomy (EUS-JJ). Methods This was a retrospective review of 5 patients whose anatomy precluded an endoscopic gastrojejunostomy and an enteral stent, who underwent a successful EUS-DJ or EUS-JJ from 2016 to 2018. Results Four EUS-DJs and 1 EUS-JJ were performed, with use of a 15-mm cautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent by direct technique. All cases were technically successful. Three patients tolerated an unrestricted diet, but 2 patients needed enteral supplementation or total parenteral nutrition because of severe gastroparesis. There was 1 moderate adverse event bleeding from severe reflux esophagitis and gastroparesis. No reinterventions were needed on any of these stents, for a median follow-up time of 23 weeks. Conclusions When anatomy precludes an EUS-GE or enteral stent, an EUS-DJ or EUS-JJ may have similarly successful outcomes and could help avoid the need for enteral feeding tubes or surgery. © 2020 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Published by Elsevier Inc.Acute limb ischemia in young adults warrants thorough investigation to determine the underlying cause. Here, we present a case of acute upper limb ischemia in a marathon runner secondary to paradoxical embolism. The patient had associated deep venous thrombosis of the lower limb with multiple pulmonary emboli and patent foramen ovale. This case report emphasizes the under-recognition of intense endurance exercise as a risk factor for venous thromboembolism and highlights the potentially debilitating embolic sequelae of venous thromboembolism in patients with patent foramen ovale. © 2020 The Authors.This study presents the technique of percutaneous wire-target access of the superior vena cava (SVC) in patients with bilateral jugular-subclavian vein occlusion requiring a tunneled hemodialysis catheter. A 3-year retrospective review of five patients was performed. The femoral vein is accessed percutaneously and a 5F sheath inserted. This is followed by placement of a pigtail catheter (wire-target) in the SVC with cavography. The SVC is percutaneously cannulated at the level of the pigtail under fluoroscopy, and a guidewire is passed into the vena cava with confirmation by injection of contrast material. A tunneled hemodialysis catheter is then placed. The wire-target technique of SVC access can be used safely and effectively to establish upper body catheter access when traditional techniques are not possible. © 2020 The Author(s).
My Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/GDC-0449.html