Notes

Design involving Metatranscriptomic Libraries pertaining to 5' Stop Sequencing regarding rRNAs pertaining to Microbiome Study.
Various body indexes, especially body fat percentage (BFP), are widely used as effective indicators to measure our health. BFP is used in medicine to assess obesity, which is a body fat mass disorder accompanied with changes of the gut microbiota. However, the relationship between BFP and the gut microbiota has not been studied so far. To address this problem, we examined how gut microbiota and metabolome associated with body indices in healthy people. Microbial and metabolomics data based on 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS were obtained from stool samples of 20 healthy adults. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore the correlations between the body indices and gut microbial characteristics. Significantly different microbes were further validated via qPCR. Differential characteristics were filtered by building machine learning models to predict body status. Our data showed that abundance of Prevotella and the Prevotella/Bacteroides (P/B) ratio in the gut were markedly higher in high-BFP individuals than in low-BFP individuals. Microbial and metabolomics data consistently suggested significant differences in fatty acid metabolism in stool samples from the two groups. The P/B ratio and fatty acids are discriminative for people with different index levels by cross validation tests with machine learning models. These results suggest using Prevotella and fecal fatty acids as predictors may offer an alternative method for evaluating health status or weight loss.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-021-00989-5.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-021-00989-5.Locusts are known for their herbivorous diet that constitutes a nuisance to agriculture worldwide, in Morocco these insects are considered a real threat and are widely distributed in the country. These insects are equipped with a digestive system that allows them to digest huge amounts of plant tissue. To understand the mechanisms allowing this voracity, the current study has focused on the diversity of gut microbiome using biochemical and molecular analysis tools, different bacterial isolates were identified and studied. The present study results showed the presence of four important bacterial families that are present in the intestine of these insects, namely Micrococcaceae, Dermabacteraceae, Bacillaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae. The results of Gram staining showed that 2 of 11 isolates were Gram-negative bacteria, however, only 9 bacterial strains were catalase positive. While, 3 strains (Pseudomonas stutzeri S12, Kocuria rhizophila, and Bacillus thuringiensis S4 and S8) had pectinase activity, while only one strain (Pseudomonas stutzeri S12) had cellulase activity.The objective of this work was to optimize the decolorization of methylene blue dye wastewater by Penicillium P1. The influencing factors included initial methylene blue concentration, initial pH value, salinity and inoculation percentage of penicillium spores. The decolorization rate was optimized by response surface center composite design methods. The optimal optimization condition was methylene blue concentration 50 mg/L, pH value 3.61, salinity 3.7%, and inoculation percentage 3.21% (When the MSM was 100 ml), the predicted decolorization rate of methylene blue 85%. The UV and the FTIR spectrum analysis showed that the structure of methylene blue changed during the process of decolorization of methylene blue by Penicillium P1.Tannin acyl hydrolase referred commonly as tannase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the galloyl ester bond of tannin to release gallic acid. The tannase TanBLp which cloned from Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC14917T has high activity in the pH range (7.0-9.0) at 40 °C, it would be detrimental to the utilization at acidic environment. The catalytic sites and stability of TanBLp were analyzed using bioinformatics and site-specific mutagenesis. The results reiterated that the amino acid residues Ala164, Lys343, Glu357, Asp421 and His451 had played an important role in maintaining the activity. The optimum pH of mutants V75A, G77A, N94A, A164S and F243A were shifted from 8.0 to 6.0, and mutant V75A has the highest pH stability and activity at acidic conditions than other mutants, which was more suitable for industrial application to manufacture gallic acid. This study was of great significance to promote the industrialization and efficient utilization of tannase TanBLp.In order to develop a more sensitive and reliable method for detection of serum antibodies against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs, six recombinant proteins of M. hyopneumoniae (P102, P95, P46, P97 like, Lppt, and hypothetical P987) were used for the standardization of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proteins were evaluated against 50 sera of the specific pathogen-free and 50 sera of pigs with lesions suggestive of infection. The sensitivity was 88%, 86%, 78%, 74%, 66%, and 60% for the proteins P102, P95, P46, P97 like, Lppt, and hypothetical protein P987, respectively. Moreover, the proteins were used to establish the seroprevalence in two different commercial herds (254 sera pigs from farm considered free of M. hyopneumoniae and 246 from farm with clinical signs of enzootic pneumonia and positive serology for M. hyopneumoniae) and the positive rate was 65.2% for P95, 54.6% for P102, 40.2% for P46, 37.2% for P97 like, 17.4% for the hypothetical P987, and 14% for Lppt protein. In addition, the ELISA with six recombinant proteins was compared to commercial HerdCheck kit using 118 random pig sera samples and the results showed that ELISA with recombinant proteins were more sensitive than the commercial test. These data show that the recombinant proteins P95 and P102 are potential targets to be used in diagnostic tests to detect antibodies against M. hyopneumoniae. Although more studies are necessary, this study provides insights that these recombinant proteins can be useful in epidemiological investigations and as potential biomarkers in differentiating infected animals from those vaccinated.Two agents from natural sources, citroflavonoids naringin and naringenin, can target enzymes in pathogenic yeasts responsible for hospital infections and crop failure. The aim of this study was to examine the molecular recognition site for naringin and naringenin on the HMGR and TOPOII enzymes of eleven Candida species and one phytopathogen, U. maydis, and evaluate yeast susceptibility to these flavonoids. The HMGR and TOPOII enzymes were analyzed in silico. The alignment of the two enzymes in the twelve pathogenic organisms with the corresponding enzyme of Homo sapiens revealed highly conserved amino acid sequences. Modeling studies of the enzymes indicated highly conserved structures. According to molecular docking simulations, both citroflavonoids recognized the amino acid residues of the active site of the enzymes. Binding energy values were higher for naringin (-10.75 and -9.38 kcal/mol, respectively) than simvastatin on HMGR (-9.9) and curcumin on TOPOII (-8.37). The appraisal of twenty-nine virtual mutations provided evidence of probable mechanisms of resistance (high binding energy) or susceptibility (low energy) to the drugs and emphasized the role of key residues. An in vitro susceptibility evaluation of the twelve yeasts demonstrated that the two flavonoids have similar or better MIC values than those reported for the reference compounds, obtaining the lowest with Candida dubliniensis (2.5 µg/ml) and U. maydis (5 µg/ml). selleck products Based on the present findings, naringin and naringenin could possibly be effective for treating diseases caused by pathogenic yeasts of the Candida species and U. maydis, presumably by inhibition of their HMGR and TOPOII enzymes.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-021-00980-0.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-021-00980-0.Spent petroleum catalyst as a repository of several toxic metals is recommended for metal removal before safe disposal. To evaluate an effective biotechnological approach for metal removal, a comparative study between sequential-aerobic and sequential-anaerobic bioleaching processes was conducted for the removal of metals from crushed-acetone-pretreated spent petroleum catalyst. The SEM-EDX and XPS analysis confirmed the presence of Ni, Al, Mo and V in their oxidic and sulphidic forms in spent catalyst. The bioleaching experiments were performed in stirred tank batch reactors (2.5 L), temperature 30 °C, pH 1.4 and stirring speed 250 rpm for the period of 160 h. Sulfuric acid acted as lechant for both sequential-aerobic (Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans oxidised sulfur to sulfuric acid aerobically) and sequential-anaerobic (Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans oxidised sulphur to sulfuric acid coupled with the ferric reduction to ferrous anaerobically) bioleaching studies. The higher Ni and V extractions compared to Al and Mo for all the studies were due to increased solubility of Ni and V, and supported by XPS which showed marginal signs of Ni and V peaks in leach residues compared to feed spent catalyst. At the end (320 h), sequential-aerobic bioleaching was resulted to 99% Ni, 65% Al, 90% Mo and 99% V extraction quite more effective than sequential-anaerobic bioleaching (88% Ni, 28% Al, 33% Mo and 77% V) and sequential-control leaching (94% Ni, 20% Al, 40% Mo and 57% V). Although anaerobic bioleaching a possible approach, aerobic condition was found to be more suitable for sulfuric acid generation by A. ferrooxidans and high yield. So aerobic bioleaching is recommended to be favourable approach compared to anaerobic counterpart for future study and extrapolation.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-021-00978-8.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-021-00978-8.Deoxynivalenol (DON) is synthesized by Fusarium species that frequently infect crops during storage, and it's harm risk to human is reflected in the consumption of infected food crops or indirectly through foods of animal origin. In this study, Hela and Chang liver cells were used to research the cellular apoptosis induced by deoxynivalenol. Cells were treated by DON toxin with a series of concentration and incubated for different time. MTT, fluorescence microscope, flow cytometer and Western blot methods were used to analyze the effect of DON on the cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo systematically. The results showed that DON was toxic to the cells tested. After being treated by DON, the morphology of Chang livers and Hela cells changed significantly. The DON promoted apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The activity of Caspase 3 was significantly increased in DON-induced apoptosis. Moreover, endogenous Glutathione (GSH) level in these cell lines was gradually decreased. In the early apoptosis progress, oxidative stress was induced by DON. When DON reached 10 µg/mL, a markedly increased content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) was detected in both Hela and Chang liver cells. Furthermore, an in vivo test indicated that DON had toxicity to mice by causing weight loss and swollen spleen, and significantly increased expression of AST and ALT. In conclusion, the DON was toxic to mice and could induce the apoptosis of tested cells undergoing a Caspase-3 related pathway.
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