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Curcumol together causes equally apoptosis as well as autophagy in individual nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
Results Maternal low B12 status (plasma B12 less then 150 pmol/L) was associated with greater cortisol responses to stress in the offspring (p less then 0.001). Higher homocysteine concentrations were associated with greater offspring heart rate response (p less then 0.001). After adjustment for multiple comparisons, there were non-significant associations between higher maternal folate concentrations and offspring total peripheral resistance response (p=0.01). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that maternal one-carbon nutritional status may have long-term programming implications for offspring neuro-endocrine stress responses. © Endocrine Society 2020.Black soldier fly larvae, Hermetia illucens (L.), are used to convert organic waste streams into insect-based animal feeds. We tested their ability to retain alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from feeding substrates, which has important implications for their use in aquaculture. When supplementing a chicken feed diet with increasing concentrations of salmon oil (0-42%) over an increasing number of days (0-8), the concentrations of the three omega-3 acids in larvae increased significantly. Larval survival and biomass accumulation were not affected. Supplementing a chicken feed diet with increasing concentrations (0-14%) of Tetraselmis chui Butcher (Chlorodendrales Chlorodendraceae) microalgae paste also significantly increased ALA and EPA contents of the harvested larvae. However, microalgae also decreased survival, harvested biomass, and individual growth of larvae feeding on the diet with the highest supplement concentration (14%). DHA was not detected in any microalgae diet or subsequent larval tissue samples. All three omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids tested in this study were accumulated in dose-dependent manner, with quadratic, and occasionally linear, equations providing the best description of the observed relationships. There were significant negative correlations between several fatty acids, indicating that they may replace one another in living larvae. Our findings confirm that black soldier fly larvae can retain ingested fatty acids and change fatty acid profiles in their tissues accordingly. However, optimizing nutrient content of harvestable larvae is likely to be more complicated than simply enriching their diets with omega-3 fatty acids. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] We aimed to investigate (1) the stability of inflammatory aspects of diet over 1 year among persons with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and (2) the impact of change in diet on changes in inflammation and IBD symptoms over 1 year. METHODS Participants were recruited to the Manitoba Living with IBD Study and completed the Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and the Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Index (EDII) were used to calculate the inflammatory potential of the diet. Inflammation was measured by fecal calprotectin (≥250 µg/g). Symptoms were measured by the IBD Symptom Inventory (IBDSI). All measures were obtained at baseline and 1 year. Dietary Inflammatory Index and Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Index scores >0 and 250 µg/g; odds ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-9.93; P = 0.04) and with a rise in IBDSI of 6.7 (95% CI, 1.0-12.4; P = 0.022; theoretical IBDSI range, 0-81). There was no association between changes in DII and changes in FCAL or IBDSI. CONCLUSION The EDII, but not the DII, may have utility to identify the inflammatory potential of diet. This inflammatory potential can contribute to inflammation and/or disease symptoms in persons with IBD. © 2020 Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] excellent short-term outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE), there is minimal data on long-term outcomes compared to open esophagectomy. MIE's superior visualization may have improved lymphadenectomy and complete resection rate and therefore improved long-term outcomes. We hypothesized that MIE would have superior long-term survival. Patients undergoing an esophagectomy for cancer between 2010 and 2016 were identified in the National Cancer Database. MIE included laparoscopic/robotic approach, and conversions were categorized as open. A 11 propensity match was performed. Lymphadenectomy and margin status were compared between MIE and open using Stuart Maxwell marginal homogeneity and Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-rank test. Survival was compared using log-rank test. 13,083 patients were identified 8,906 (68%) open and 4,177 (32%) MIE. Propensity matching identified 3,659 'pairs' of MIE and open esophagectomy patients. Among them, MIE was associated with higher number lymph nodes examined (16 vs. 14, P  less then  0.001) and similar number of positive lymph nodes (0 vs. 0, P = 0.33). MIE had higher rate of negative pathologic margin (95 vs. 93.5%, P  less then  0.001). MIE was also associated with shorter hospitalization (9 vs. 10 days, P  less then  0.001). Survival was improved among MIE patients (46.6 vs. 41.4 months for open, P = 0.003) and among pathologic node-negative patients (71.4 vs. 61.5 months, P = 0.005). These data suggest that MIE has improved short-term outcomes (improved lymphadenectomy, pathologic margins, and length of stay) and also associated improved overall survival. The etiology of superior overall survival is likely secondary to many factors related and unrelated to surgical approach. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] Population data, such as mortality and morbidity statistics, are essential for many reasons, including giving context for research, supporting action on health determinants, formulation of evidence-based policy for health care and outcome evaluation. However, when considering children, it is difficult to find such data, despite children comprising one-fifth of the European population and being in a key formative life stage and dependent on societal support. Moreover, it would be expected that there should be confidence in the key child health data available, with little to no discrepancy between recognized health statistic databases. METHODS This study explored the main health databases in or including Europe to collate child mortality data, for both all-cause and specific-cause mortality. Tables were constructed for comparison of values and rankings. RESULTS The results show that there are major differences in reported mortality data between two prominent health statistic databases, difference in coding systems, and unannounced changes within one of the databases. CONCLUSIONS The lack of health data for children seems compounded by challenges to the trust and credibility, which are vital if these data are to have utility. Children and society are the losers, and resolution is needed as a priority. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Assessing decision-making capacity to health care is within the scope of practice for all doctors, yet the experience of GPs in this area is unknown. OBJECTIVE To explore the experiences, perspectives, approaches and challenges for GPs in New Zealand when conducting decision-making capacity assessments. METHODS Qualitative study design comprising individual in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted with a convenience sample of GPs. selleck Interview transcripts were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic analysis approach. RESULTS Twelve participants were recruited. The following themes emerged (i) GPs' roles and responsibilities in decision-making capacity assessments; (ii) GPs lack formal training, knowledge, and confidence in decision-making capacity assessments; (iii) the legal interface of decision-making capacity assessments; (iv) GPs' relationships with specialists and the resulting impact on their confidence in decision-making capacity assessments; and (v) opportunities to improve GPs' knowledge and confidence in decision-making capacity assessments. CONCLUSIONS GPs take responsibility for decision-making capacity assessments; however, assessments can be complex. There is a need to develop specific curriculum and training resources for GPs to improve their clinical skills and legal knowledge in decision-making capacity assessments. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] production of high-quality coffee is being challenged by changing climates in coffee growing regions. The coffee beans from the upper and lower canopy at different development stages of the same plants were analysed to investigate the impact of the microenvironment on gene expression and coffee quality. Compared to coffee beans from the upper canopy, lower canopy beans displayed more intense aroma with higher caffeine, trigonelline and sucrose contents, associated with greater gene expression in the representative metabolic pathways. Global gene expression indicated a longer ripening in the lower canopy, resulting from higher expression of genes relating to growth inhibition and suppression of chlorophyll degradation during early bean ripening. Selection of genotypes or environments that enhance expression of the genes slowing bean development might produce higher quality coffee beans allowing coffee production in a broader range of available future environments. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.Gaharitrema droneni n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea Zoogonidae Lepidophyllinae) is described from the intestine of the pudgy cuskeel, Spectrunculus grandis (Günther, 1877) (Ophidiiformes Ophidiidae), collected at 2,800 m depth from the northeastern Pacific Ocean off Oregon. The new genus is distinguished from BrachyenteronManter, 1934 and SteganodermaStafford, 1904, the 2 closest lepidophylline genera, and from 4 other zoogonid genera erected since 2007, the last major revision of the family, by a combination of diagnostic features including a pyriform or spindle-shaped body, smooth testes and ovary, narrow ceca that reach with the vitellarium into the hindbody, an unspecialized ventral sucker, non-filamented eggs, a claviform cirrus pouch, and an unpocketed ejaculatory duct and metraterm, and the new genus lacks circumoral spines. We present updated keys to the 3 subfamilies of the Zoogonidae Odhner, 1902, as well as to the genera of the Cephaloporinae Yamaguti, 1934 and the Lepidophyllinae Stossich, 1903. A listinican Society of Parasitologists 2020.The Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis, is a small cetacean species found on the Atlantic coast of Central and South America from Honduras to Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The nematode Halocercus brasiliensis infects this cetacean, resulting in lung pathologies and death. The present study aimed to conduct a morphological and morphometric study of specimens of H. brasiliensis collected from S. guianensis from the coast of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. For this study, 7 dolphins were collected and examined for the presence of lung parasites. Nematodes were collected and processed for light microscopy, and lung fragments were processed for histological analysis. The nematodes were identified as H. brasiliensis according to their morphology and morphometry. The histopathological analysis revealed mineralization of the bronchiolar cartilage and inflammatory process. The parasitic infections by H. brasiliensis in S. guianensis can contribute to the debilitating status of these cetaceans, resulting in their stranding and accidental capture in fishing nets.
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