Notes

Computing NF-κB Phosphorylation along with Acetylation.
Our whole-brain analysis yielded ADHD-specific posterior putamen and opercular/insular cortex activity over the course of training-regions associated with stimulus-sensitivity and maladaptively rigid behaviors, respectively. Neural comparisons also identified hyper-recruitment of the hippocampus in the ADHD group. These results highlight corticostriatal discrepancies in ADHD, possibly serving as a biomarker of the disorder. BACKGROUND Owing to globalization, there is a need for enhanced global health competencies among nursing students. In this context, global service learning programs are important opportunities for nursing students. OBJECTIVES To explore the effect of a short-term service learning program in a developing country on the global health competencies of students attending a South Korean nursing college. DESIGN A mixed methods design. SETTING The Global Nursing Internship is a two-week pre-experience, eight-day on-site, and one-week post-experience program. PARTICIPANTS The on-site activities involved 15 nursing students participating in global health activities in a rural Vietnamese community. METHODS A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess changes in global health competencies in six domains, measured on a four-point Likert scale. Student satisfaction with each activity was measured on a five-point Likert scale. buy Ivarmacitinib After completing the program, the participants wrote a self-reflection essay. The Wilcoxon siger integrating similar global service learning programs into their existing nursing curricula. BACKGROUND Registered nurse to baccalaureate in nursing (RN-BSN) programs has rapidly moved to online formats to increase the ability of working nurses to earn their BSN degree. Nursing faculty are tasked with designing programs to meet the needs of the nursing workforce using best practices for online learning. OBJECTIVES Describe RN-BSN student perceptions of their online programs, including clinical experiences. Specific aims were 1) evaluate student satisfaction in online courses, 2) describe experiences students were required to have to meet clinical objectives, 3) determine generational differences in satisfaction with online learning 4) determine the students' perception of the value of course content in online program 5) examine life responsibilities impacting student program participation. DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional design with convenience sampling was used. SETTING Participants included 43 RN-BSN students currently enrolled in at least one online course at one of six accredited nursing procounted as clinical hours is needed. Faculty need to consider alternative ways to achieve learning outcomes. This study's outcomes may help guide faculty in developing RN-BSN programs and student-centered courses. BACKGROUND Identifying e-cigarette product characteristics that moderate the effects of non-tobacco flavors and nicotine on user appeal can inform regulations issued in tandem with e-cigarette nicotine and flavor policies aimed to protect young adult health. An e-cigarette device's electrical power affects the amount of solution aerosolized per puff, leading to more concentrated or diluted aerosol, which may alter product appeal. This laboratory experiment tested whether e-cigarette device power moderated the independent and interactive effects of non-tobacco flavors and nicotine on appeal in young adults. METHOD In a within-subject design single-visit protocol, young adult e-cigarette users (N = 100) administered standardized doses of e-cigarette solutions varying in flavor (fruit, menthol, tobacco) and nicotine (nicotine-containing [6 mg/mL], nicotine-free). Solutions were administered via a variable-voltage tank-style device at low (7.3 W[3.3 [email protected] Ω resistance]) and high (12.3 W[4.3 [email protected] Ω resistance]) power settings. Participants rated each dose's appeal (0-100 scale). RESULTS The high (vs. low) power setting attenuated the appeal-enhancing effects of menthol (vs. tobacco) flavors (Menthol × Power, estimate = -5.44, P = .03). Power did not moderate the appeal-enhancing effects of fruit flavors. High (vs. low) power amplified the appeal-reducing effects of nicotine-containing (vs. nicotine-free) solutions (Nicotine × Power, estimate = 6.69, P less then .001) and augmented the extent to which fruit and menthol flavors suppressed nicotine's appeal-reducing effects (Flavor × Nicotine × Power, estimates = 9.40-14.85, Ps≤0.03). CONCLUSION E-cigarette device power appears to moderate flavor- and nicotine-induced changes in product appeal in nuanced ways, including by augmenting the ability of non-tobacco flavors to mask nicotine's appeal-reducing effects. Regulatory restrictions on high-powered e-cigarette devices warrant consideration in efforts to protect young adult health. BACKGROUND AND AIMS Youth poly-substance use, associated with long-term negative health and social outcomes, is of increasing concern following the rise of e-cigarette vaping and cannabis legalization in Canada. This work aimed to investigate current evidence on correlates of this behaviour to inform effective prevention and harm reduction programming. DESIGN Cross-sectional sample taking part in a cohort study. SETTING Canadian high schools (AB, BC, ON, QC) PARTICIPANTS 74,501 Canadian high school students who completed the COMPASS student questionnaire in 2018/2019. MEASUREMENTS Self-report data on use of five substances (alcohol, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cannabis, and opioids) alongside demographic factors, social and school support, and mental health-related measures. RESULTS Of the 39% of youth who reported current substance use, 53% reported using two or more. E-cigarette vaping was most prevalent (28%) and most often combined with other substances. Feeling supported by friends and having no problem with seeking help at school were associated with higher levels of poly-substance use. Family support, school connectedness, and school support to resist drugs decreased the risk of substance co-use. CONCLUSIONS The evidence presented here suggests that interventions for youth poly-substance use should rely on joint efforts between parents, schools, and communities to focus on structural factors rather than problematizing the individual.
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