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The NIR-triggered dual purpose nanoplatform mediated through Hsp70 siRNA regarding chemo-hypothermal photothermal hand in glove remedy.
Peanut sprouts are a functional food material rich in phytochemicals, including trans-resveratrol. This study aimed to optimize the recovery of trans-resveratrol from peanut sprouts using a combination of peanut varieties and sawdust medium through accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and the response surface method (RSM). We also aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of this trans-resveratrol extract. Optimal fermentation periods of sawdust and peanut variety for cultivating peanut sprouts were determined on the basis of trans-resveratrol content via high-performance liquid chromatography. The extraction variables temperature, static time, and ethanol concentration were used to create a 20-sample set fit to a second-order polynomial equation through multiple regression analysis (R2 = 0.8787, P less then 0.01). Trans-resveratrol content (19.62 ± 2.33 µg/g) peaked in the Palgwang variety cultured in sawdust medium fermented for 45 days. Optimal conditions for ASE were determined regarding the extractiomethod to obtain mass quantities of trans-resveratrol from peanut sprouts with improved nutritional and functional properties. © 2020 Institute of Food Technologists®.Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) albumin was hydrolyzed by alkaline protease, and three new antioxidant peptides (P1, P2, and P3) were successfully separated from the hydrolysate (TBAH). The sequences of the three antioxidant peptides were Gly-Glu-Val-Pro-Trp (GEVPW), Tyr-Met-Glu-Asn-Phe (YMENF), and Ala-Phe-Tyr-Arg-Trp (AFYRW), and their molecular weights were 586.65, 702.79, and 741.85 Da, respectively. All three peptides have a good antioxidant capacity, and P3 (AFYRW) demonstrates the best antioxidant activity of the three. The IC50 values of AFYRW for scavenging hydroxyl radicals (OH·) and (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) DPPH· free radicals were 0.65 and 0.64 mM, respectively. In addition, AFYRW exhibits the strongest lipid peroxidation inhibition ability and the highest reducing power. The results of this research indicate that the three isolated peptides can be used in the development of various antioxidant additives in the food and pharmaceutical industries. © 2020 Institute of Food Technologists®.Efficacy of pulsed ultraviolet (PUV) to inactivate Salmonella pure culture and on inoculated black peppercorns was evaluated. Black peppercorns inoculated with Salmonella were subjected to PUV treatment (0.28 J/cm2 /pulse) using two different sample holders, on a traditional flat surface or on a wave-shaped surface to increase surface exposure of peppercorns to PUV through light reflection. The temperature change on black peppercorns surface during treatment was recorded, and the effect of cooling period during PUV treatment was studied. PUV treatment of two pulses reduced Salmonella population by more than 6 log CFU/mL in phosphate-buffered saline. Continuous PUV treatment (80 pulses on each side) using a wave-shaped surface was able to reduce Salmonella by 1.9 log CFU/g; same treatment using flat surface reduced Salmonella by less than 1.5 log CFU/g. The temperature on peppercorns surface increased to 65 °C after 80 pulses continuous PUV treatment. Adding 280 s cooling time after every 20 pulses reduced the temperature from 65 to 40 °C and achieved similar Salmonella inactivation (P > 0.05) as the continuous PUV treatment. Results from this study showcase the effectiveness of PUV treatment for reducing Salmonella level on black peppercorns surface and provided insights on the potential implementation of PUV treatment at the industrial level. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Results from this study showcased the effectiveness of PUV treatment for reducing Salmonella level on black peppercorns surface and provided insights on the potential implementation of PUV treatment at the industrial level. © 2020 Institute of Food Technologists®.Sprouting is one of the processing methods to enhance bioavailability of some nutrients of agricultural products. Soybeans were germinated for 6 days and soybean (SB), soybean sprout (SBS), cotyledon of soybean sprout (CSS), and hypocotyl and root of soybean sprout (HRSS) were collected. Isoflavone profiles and in vitro antioxidant activities of 80% ethanol extracts of samples were analyzed. In addition, oxidative stability of the extract was evaluated in corn oils heated at 100 °C. The hypocotyl and root part of soybean sprout contained significantly (P less then 0.05) higher content of isoflavone aglycones than the cotyledon part of soybean sprout. Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radial and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sul-fonic acid cation radical scavenging activities of SBS were 1.6 and 1.3 times higher than those of SB, respectively (P less then 0.05), whereas those of CSS were 1.1 and 1.8 times higher than those of HRSS, respectively (P less then 0.05). CSS had higher ORAC and FRAP values thaybean sprouts may help consumers choose healthier foods and extend business areas of the soybean food industry. © 2020 Institute of Food Technologists®.Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease that threatens bone health of the elderly (especially postmenopausal women). Since osteoporosis is important to prevent, the aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of desalted duck egg white peptides (DPs) on osteoporosis. In this study, the effects of DPs on bone formation were evaluated using MC3T3-E1 cells and ovariectomized (OVX) rats. DPs significantly enhanced the preosteoblasts proliferation, differentiation, and matrix mineralization via the upregulation of wnt3a expression, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-5 (LRP-5), β-catenin, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) (P less then 0.05). The intracellular calcium concentration was significantly elevated by DPs (P less then 0.05), which is attributed to calcium influx and L-type calcium channels. Additionally, OVX rat model experiment indicated that DPs (600 mg/kg bw) had a superior effect against bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency, as it significantly declined bone turnover markers, and significantly increased biomechanical parameters (P less then 0.05). Mineralized bone surfaces and bone microstructure were also obviously improved by DPs treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B (RANK) expression of tibia in DPs group was significantly reduced compared with the model group (P less then 0.05). Our results demonstrated that DPs could enhance preosteoblasts differentiation and antiosteoporosis via wnt/β-catenin signal pathway and several key osteogenic transcription factors such as Runx2 and OPG. PRACTICAL APPLICATION High-value utilization of salted duck egg white, a byproduct of food industry, is worthy of in-depth study. Desalted duck egg white peptides (DPs) were proved to promote bone formation, which suggests the potentials of DPs as cofactors in osteoporosis prevention. © 2020 Institute of Food Technologists®.Designing a 3-dimensional structure for an Ir-based catalysts offers a great opportunity to improved the electrocatalytic execution and maximize the use of precious metal. Here we report a novel wet chemical strategy for synthesizing IrRuMn catalyst with sphere structure and porous feature. In the synthetic process combined use of citric acid and formamide is requisite for the formation of sphere structure. This method leads to a favorable 3D IrRuMn sphere structure with a lot of active sites fully exposed. Furthermore, an alloying noble metal such as Ir and Ru with transition metal demonstrate enhanced OER activity.The doping of transition metal like Mn is an interesting example because it exhibits stability and activity in acidic and alkaline media. For OER, IrRuMn sphere catalyst exhibits overpotential of 260 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm-2 in strong acidic 0.1m HClO4, which are superior to those of commercial IrO2/C catalyst. This approach provides a novel ways to synthesize Ir-based multimetallic sphere electrocatalyst which exhibits exceptional efficient for acidic OER, that will pave new ways in the practical utilization of PEM electrolysers. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Black women in the USA are at the highest risk among women for HIV. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prevents HIV transmission, but uptake among Black women remains low. An open pilot trial was conducted on MI-PrEP, a brief culturally tailored intervention incorporating motivational interviewing (MI) strategies to improve PrEP uptake and motivation. MI-PrEP is the first behavioral intervention developed to promote PrEP uptake among women in the USA. In Miami, FL, ten Black women who met eligibility criteria (e.g., sexual partner with HIV) were enrolled. These women participated in the two sessions of MI-PrEP and a 1-month follow-up. Participants completed measures on PrEP (motivation, uptake [verified via medical records], adherence, and barriers), medical mistrust, and an exit interview. These preliminary findings showed acceptability and feasibility with high satisfaction ratings; increases in PrEP uptake, knowledge, and motivation to use; and decreases in PrEP barriers and medical mistrust. Greater attention is needed on the psychosocial and structural factors among Black women who may benefit from PrEP.INTRODUCTION The caste system is a relatively rigid system of social hierarchy in India. The caste membership defines one's access to resources and life opportunities. A growing body of research suggests that lower caste groups have an excess burden of morbidity and mortality in India. Selleckchem AG-1478 However, it is not clear as to what extent caste differences in health are conditioned by socioeconomic status (SES) indicators. PURPOSE This study examined the caste differences in hypertension and tested whether caste differences in hypertension are conditioned by education and household wealth in a representative sample of women in India. METHODS This study used data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2015-2016, India. The analysis is based on a nationally representative sample of 648,064 adult women aged 15-49 years. We used logistic regression to examine whether the association between caste and hypertension varied by education and wealth index using interactions and controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS The regression models suggest that scheduled tribes and non-caste members have the highest odds of hypertension compared with privileged upper caste members. Interaction models indicate complex intersections of caste, education, and wealth index. The predicted probabilities derived from these interaction models suggest that while SES indicators are inversely associated with the odds of hypertension, the inverse patterning was significantly weaker in other backward classes and more protective in non-caste members compared with upper caste. Additionally, caste difference in predictive risk of hypertension tends to diverge at the lower levels of SES and become narrower at the higher levels of SES. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence of differential returns to SES and have implications for understanding the causes of SES patterning in health among disadvantaged caste groups in India.
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