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Multidrug-resistant Raoultella ornithinolytica misidentified while Klebsiella oxytoca having blaOXA β-lactamases: antimicrobial user profile and genomic characterization.
The clinical course of COVID-19 is very heterogeneous most infected individuals can be managed in an outpatient setting, but a substantial proportion of patients requires intensive care, resulting in a high rate of fatalities. We performed a biomarker study to assess the impact of prior infections with seasonal coronaviruses on COVID-19 severity. Sixty patients with confirmed COVID-19 infections were included (age 30-82; 52 males, 8 females) 19 inpatients with critical disease, 16 inpatients with severe or moderate disease, and 25 outpatients. Patients with critical disease had significantly lower levels of anti-HCoV OC43-NP (P = 0.016) and HCoV HKU1-NP (P = 0.023) antibodies at the first encounter compared to other COVID-19 patients. Our results indicate that prior infections with seasonal coronaviruses might protect against a severe course of disease.
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a common nosocomial infection. However, there has been no randomized control trial (RCT) comparing the efficacy of periurethral cleaning solutions for reducing CAUTI. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of normal saline solution (NSS) and Savlon solution.

A non-inferiority cross-over RCT was conducted to compare the 2 solutions by the incidence of significant bacteriuria (SB) on day 5 after Foley catheterization. Patients admitted to a tertiary referral hospital from June 2018 to August 2019 participated in the study. The acceptable prespecified non-inferiority margin was 10%.

There were 265 and 275 patients in the NSS and Savlon groups, respectively. The incidence of CAUTI was 2.65/1000 catheter-days, and the median duration of catheterization was 5 days (IQR 4, 7). There was no significant difference between the incidence of SB in the NSS and Savlon groups, as indicated by the adjusted difference of 0.6 (95% CI -3.1-4.2).

This study was the first RCT in patients from multiple hospital units to compare the efficacy of the 2 solutions in the periurethral cleaning process. The study demonstrated non-inferiority of NSS to Savlon solution.

TCTR20180518001.
TCTR20180518001.A patient presenting with severe malaria, with hyperparasitaemia, received 7-day artesunate monotherapy. A severe recrudescence was detected and attributed to hyperparasitaemia, monotherapy and a polyclonal infection without Kelch 13 gene mutation. A second treatment with artesunate, then quinine, followed by artemether-lumefantrine, was successful.Catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) is affected by various physiological conditions and its abnormality is associated with glucose metabolism, heart disease, and neurological dysfunction. The first two steps of the BCAA metabolic pathway are common to the three BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, and valine). The second step is an irreversible rate-limited reaction catalyzed by branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), which is bound to a specific kinase, BCKDH kinase (BDK), and inactivated by phosphorylation. Here, we investigated potential new BDK inhibitors and discovered valsartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker, as a new BDK inhibitor. BCKDH phosphorylation and the BCKDH-BDK interaction were inhibited by valsartan in vitro. Valsartan administration in rats resulted in increased BCKDH activity by decreasing the dephosphorylated level of BCKDH complex, bound forms of BDK from BCKDH complex as well as decreased plasma BCAA concentrations. Valsartan is a novel BDK inhibitor that competes with ATP, via a different mechanism from allosteric inhibitors. The BDK inhibitor has been shown to preserve cardiac function in pressure overload-induced heart failure mice and to attenuate insulin resistance in obese mice. BUdR Our findings suggest that valsartan is a potent seed compound for developing a powerful BDK inhibitor and useful medication for treating heart failure and metabolic diseases with suppressed BCAA catabolism.Chinese materia medica (CMM) is indispensable component of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapy. With the widespread of TCM around the world, the quality control and safe use of CMM become a major concern. This paper introduces the role of ISO standards for industrial development and current development status of CMM standards in ISO/TC 249. Through the comparison of similarities and differences between CMM standards in ISO/TC 249 and pharmacopoeias of main stakeholders, this paper suggests strengthening standard formulation in the following areas to provide more appropriate documents to facilitate the international trade and promote the industrial development of CMM (1) Develop standards to fill the blanks among the whole industry chain of CMM; (2) Develop standards for new forms of CMM and services; (3) Develop specification and grade standards for CMM with large quantity and high value.
To evaluate the association of all RAAS inhibitors, ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) on dementia onset (any dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia) using a meta-analytic approach.

A systematic MEDLINE search was carried out to identify all observational studies published up to the 30th September 2020 evaluating the association between RAAS inhibitors and risk of dementia. Studies were included if original investigations considering incident dementia cases, with ACEIs and/or ARBs as exposure and other antihypertensives (AHs) use as reference, and if reporting association estimates and relative variability measures. Random effect pooled relative risks (pRR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated according to DerSimonian and Laird's (DL) or to Hartung Knapp Sidik Jonkman (HKSJ) method depending on the number of studies and between-studies heterogeneity. A linear mixed meta-regression model (MM) was applied to take into account correlation among association estimates from the same study.

15 studies were included in the meta-analysis. ARBs but not ACEIs' use led to a significant reduction of the risk of any dementia (pRR 0.78, 95%CI
0.70-0.87) and Alzheimer's disease (pRR 0.73, 95%CI
0.60-0.90). Moreover, when compared to ACEIs, ARBs reduced of 14% the risk of any dementia (pRR 0.86, 95%CI
0.79-0.94).

ARBs but not ACEIs led to a reduction in the risk of any dementia. The difference between ARBs and ACEIs in terms of preventive effectiveness could be due to distinct profiles of antagonism towards independent receptor pathways or to differential influences on amyloid metabolism.
ARBs but not ACEIs led to a reduction in the risk of any dementia. The difference between ARBs and ACEIs in terms of preventive effectiveness could be due to distinct profiles of antagonism towards independent receptor pathways or to differential influences on amyloid metabolism.
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