Notes

Microgravity stimulates osteoclast exercise in medaka sea food reared at the intercontinental place stop.
Compared with HC, MDD patients showed significantly decreased CCR4 expression on T cells (T0 and T1), whereas CCL17/CCL22 serum levels were increased. Stratified and correlation analysis revealed an association of CCR4 expression on CD4
T cells with depression severity as well as Beck Depression Inventory-II items including loss of pleasure, agitation and cognitive deficits. CCR4 expression levels on CD4
T cells together with cross-disorder and chronotype PRS significantly predicted disease severity.

This exploratory study with small sample size warrants future studies.

This newly identified CCR4-CCL17/CCL22 signature and its predictive capacity for MDD severity suggest its potential functional involvement in the pathophysiology of MDD.
This newly identified CCR4-CCL17/CCL22 signature and its predictive capacity for MDD severity suggest its potential functional involvement in the pathophysiology of MDD.Brief therapy for insomnia (BTI) is a short-term cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. At present, there is no study combining BTI with digital technology. However, in the context of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), patients with acute insomnia may need an online treatment which can quickly improve insomnia symptoms. Our team built a digital BTI (dBTI) platform based on the WeChat mini program. This research provides a framework design and a course design of dBTI, and evaluates the system via recruiting participants suffering from acute insomnia in pandemic. What's more, it explores patients' adherence, the efficiency of the system and their relationship. As the result demonstrates, 68% of participants have completed more than half of the course with medium to high adherence. Gender, pre-sleep arousal scale (PSAS) somatic score and insomnia severity index (ISI) score have affected participants' adherence, and higher adherence has led to better improvement in the severity of insomnia and somatic pre-sleep arousal. It is proved that the platform we built is effective, which not only offers an entry point for the study of how to set up a dBTI platform, but also provides theoretical basis for its clinical application.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint degenerative disease. A variety of circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in the developing process of OA via regulating different miRNA/mRNA networks. Circ_0136474 was shown to promote OA progression by miR-127-5p/MMP-13 axis or miR-766-3p/DNMT3A axis. This study was performed to research the underlying mechanism of circ_0136474 function associated with miR-665/fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) axis in OA.

Human chondrocytes were treated with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). RNA expression detection was performed by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation analysis was conducted using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and EDU assays. check details Flow cytometry was applied for the examination of cell cycle and apoptosis. The protein levels were assayed using western blot. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were used to show the interaction between targets.

The expression of circ_0136474 was upregulated in 17 OA samples compared to 9 normal controls and IL-1β-treated chondrocytes compared to control cells. Downregulation of circ_0136474 enhanced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression but inhibited cell apoptosis in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. Furthermore, circ_0136474 could interact with miR-665 and the regulatory function of circ_0136474 in IL-1β-induced OA injury was achieved by acting as a sponge of miR-665. Moreover, miR-665 directly targeted FGFR1 and miR-665 protected against the IL-1β-induced cell damages by downregulating the FGFR1 level. In addition, circ_0136474 could promote the FGFR1 expression by targeting miR-665 in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes.

Our findings unraveled that circ_0136474 promoted chondrocyte injury in IL-1β-induced OA model by depending on the regulation of miR-665/FGFR1 axis.
Our findings unraveled that circ_0136474 promoted chondrocyte injury in IL-1β-induced OA model by depending on the regulation of miR-665/FGFR1 axis.Mossy cells (MCs) are glutamatergic cells of the dentate gyrus with an important role in temporal lobe epilepsy. Under physiological conditions MCs can control both network excitations via direct synapses to granule cells and inhibition via connections to GABAergic interneurons innervating granule cells. In temporal lobe epilepsy mossy cell loss is one of the major hallmarks, but whether the surviving MCs drive or inhibit seizure initiation and generalization is still a debate. The aim of the present review is to summarize the latest findings on the role of mossy cells in healthy and overexcited hippocampus.Layered inoculation can achieve rapid start-up and promote methanation performance of anaerobic digesters. Daily specific methane yield (SMY) rapidly increased to 2.93 mL/g VS/d during 0-13 days, and cumulative SMY reached 212 mL/g VS in the solid-state anaerobic co-digestion (SS-AcoD) of pig manure and corn straw. Data were collected at macro-, micro-, and genetic-levels of each substrate layer. The results showed that layered inoculation could improve volatile fatty acids utilization and prevent adverse effects of high total ammonium nitrogen concentrations. Layered inoculation accelerated hydrolysis, acidification, and methanogenesis of substrates, as evidenced by the efficient inoculation of Bacteroidetes, Anaerolineales, Methanosphaerula, and Methanothrix, which were primarily from inocula. The various stages of SS-AcoD were synergistically initiated during the first 13 days, and acetoclastic pathway was boosted. These results further explain why layered inoculation is an efficient method for improving methanation performance of SS-AcoD and achieving efficient utilization of organic solid waste.A better understanding of the relationship between lignin structures and their inhibitory effects in enzymatic saccharification would facilitate the development of lignocellulose biorefinery process. However, the heterogeneity of lignins challenges the elucidation of lignin structure-inhibition correlation. In this study, two types of lignin fractions including ethanol soluble lignins and ethanol insoluble lignins were respectively isolated from the poplars pretreated with various severities. The impacts of pretreatment severities on the structural changes of lignin fractions were studied from the perspective of inter-units linkages, condensed aromatic substructure, and hydroxyl groups. Furthermore, it was observed that lignin addition strongly inhibited the enzymatic saccharification of pure cellulose by 13.3 ∼ 56.3%. Lignin inhibition extents were increased with the elevated pretreatment severity. The relationships between the lignin structural features and lignin inhibition were analyzed, which revealed that the contents of condensed aromatic units and phenolic hydroxyl were crucial factors determining the lignin inhibition.A gas-permeable membrane (GPM) contactor was used to recover ammoniacal nitrogen from a synthetic and a biowaste fermentation broth under different pH (from 6 to 11) and temperatures (35 and 55 °C). Ammonia mass transfer constant (Km) increased as pH and temperature increased. For synthetic broth, pH 10 provided the best results, when considering the Km (9.2·10-7 m·s-1) and the reagents consumption (1.0 mol NaOH·mol-1 TAN and 0.6 mol H2SO4·mol-1 TAN). Biowaste fermentation generated a broth with a high concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen (4.9 g N·L-1) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) (41.1 g COD·L-1). Experiments using the biowaste broth showed a lower Km (5.0·10-7 m·s-1 at pH 10) than the synthetic broth, related to the solution matrix and other species interference. VFAs were not detected in the trapping solution. Overall, these results show that GPM is a suitable technology to efficiently separate ammoniacal nitrogen and VFA from fermentation broths.Petroleum refinery wastewater (PRW) is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, sulphides, ammonia, oils, suspended and dissolved solids, and heavy metals. As these pollutants are toxic and recalcitrant, it is essential to address the above issue with efficient, economical, and eco-friendly technologies. In this review, initially, an overview of the characteristics of wastewater discharged from different petroleum refinery units is discussed. Further, various pre-treatment and post-treatment strategies for complex PRW are introduced. A segregated approach has been proposed to treat the crude desalting, sour, spent caustic, and oily wastewater of petroleum refineries. The combined systems (e.g., ozonation + moving bed biofilm reactor and photocatalysis + packed bed biofilm reactor) for the treatment of low biodegradability index wastewater (BOD5/COD less then 0.2) were discussed to construct a perspective map and implement the proposed system efficiently. The economic, toxicity, and biodegradability aspects are also introduced, along with research gaps and future scope.Halomonas bluephagenesis has been engineered to produce flexible copolymers P34HB or poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) from glucose and petrol-chemical precursor, γ-butyrolactone. Herein, gene cluster aldD-dhaT was constructed in recombinant H. bluephagenesis for catalyzing 1,4-butanediol (BDO) into 4-hydroxybutyrate, which could grow to 86 g L-1 dry cell mass (DCM) containing 77 wt% P(3HB-co-14 mol% 4HB) in 7-L bioreactor fed with glucose and bio-based BDO. Furthermore, 4HB monomer ratio could be increased to 16 mol% by engineered H. bluephagenesis TDH4-WZY254 with defected outer-membrane. Upon deletion of 4HB degradation pathway, followed by aldD-dhaT integration, the resulted H. bluephagenesis TDB141ΔAC was grown to 95 g L-1 DCM containing 79 wt% P(3HB-co-14 mol% 4HB) with a BDO conversion efficiency of 86% under fed-batch fermentation. Notably, 4HB molar ratio can be significantly improved to 21 mol% with negligible effects on cell growth and P34HB synthesis by adding 50% more BDO. This study successfully demonstrated a fully bio-based P34HB effectively produced by H. bluephagenesis.The study examines the role of magnetite (1-150 mg/L) at the interface of Bacillus subtilis-electrode under poised-condition (-0.2 V) for product-formation and catalytic-conduct with the relative-gene-expression encoding lactate dehydrogenase (lctE), pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdhA), acetate kinase (ackA), pyruvate carboxylase (pycA), and NADH dehydrogenase (ndh). The magnetite load of 25 mg/L showed positive influence on acidogenesis resulting in H2 production of 264.7 mol/mL and fatty acids synthesis of 3.6 g/L. Additionally, this condition showed higher succinic acid productivity (2.8 g/L) which correlates with the upregulated pycA gene and fumarate to succinate redox peak. With 10 mg/L loading, production of higher acetic acid (3.1 g/L) along with H2 (181.6 mol/mL) was depicted wherein upregulation of pdhA, ackA and ndh genes was observed. In absence of magnetite, lctE gene was upregulated which resulted higher lactate production. The findings suggest that the mutual-interactions between magnetite-active sites of specific enzymes enhances the biocatalytic activity triggering product-formation.
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