Notes

MicroRNA-106b-5p inhibits growth and also growth of bronchi adenocarcinoma cells by downregulating IGSF10.
Increasing rates of male infertility require more experimental models to understand the mechanisms underlying male infertility.In vitroorganoids hold unprecedented promise for this purpose; however, the development of organoids with tissue architecture similar to that of the testisin vivoremains a challenge. Here, we generated testicular organoids derived from testicular cells by combining a hanging drop culture and a rotation culture system. Our results indicated that testicular cells could self-assemble into spheroid organoids with tubule-like structures in hanging drop culture. The organoids can subsequently be cultured and maintained in a rotation culture system. These established organoids have gene expression profiles similar to those of adult testis tissue, produce testosterone with preserved gonadotropin responsiveness, and exhibit sensitivity to reproductive toxicants. More importantly, each testicular organoid can be generated from only 2000 cells, and they maintain their proliferative ability after freezing and thawing. These features make it possible to obtain fresh primary testis cells from testicular biopsies taken from patients or endangered wild species, and to build individual-specific biobanks. These findings will help enable the exploration of self-organization process of testicular cells and provide an experimental model for reproductive biology research, pharmacotoxicology testing, and regenerative medicine.Light-driven photocatalytic (PC) and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) systems are vital technologies being extensively explored for wastewater treatment and energy production. Although the photo(electro)catalytic applications in both the energy production and wastewater remediation function on the similar principle of photo-induced charge transfer, most preceding research has been focused on either the energy recovery or wastewater treatment as these two applications demand distinct reaction parameters and catalyst properties. The present review reveals the scientific progress in dual-functional PC and PEC processes that enable simultaneous energy recovery (e.g., H2 generation) with wastewater treatment (e.g., degradation of organic pollutants). The key concept in the dual-functional photo(electro)catalytic system is to use both the electron reduction power for recovering H2 from wastewater and hole oxidation power for degrading pollutants in wastewater simultaneously. Herein, a detailed and comprehensive overview of the advancement in various PC and PEC processes with dual-functional purpose is discussed, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of different systems and performance comparison based on diverse metrics tools. Although in its infancy, this dual-functional technology has gained scientific interest over the past few years; this is expected, as this approach can overcome multiple major environmental challenges, such as water scarcity, global warming, and pollution. The review should offer current limitations and prospects for developing next-generation solar-driven dual-functional techniques based on the water-energy nexus.
The single-leg squat (SLS) is often used to measure two-dimensional frontal plane motion; however, there is a variability in the SLS depth across studies.

Are knee abduction (KABD), hip adduction (HADD), pelvic drop (PD), and lateral trunk flexion (LTF) angles different at greater knee flexion angles during a SLS?

Twenty pain-free females (age=22.3±1.1 years, height=1.68±0.06m, mass=63.1±11.7kg) participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants performed five SLSs to the lowest depth comfortable, keeping pace with a metronome, while being video recorded in the frontal and sagittal planes. The middle three SLSs were used for analysis. KABD, HADD, PD, and LTF angles were measured at 30º, 45º, 60º, 75º, and 90º of knee flexion using extracted images. Linear mixed model analyses were used to compare across knee flexion angles and clinical significance was determined by comparing angle changes to the standard error of measurement (SEM).

We observed significant differences for KABD (F=14.69, p<.001), HADD (F=46.29, p<.001), and PD (F=27.27, p<.001) among knee flexion angles. Post-hoc analyses revealed that KABD significantly increased at every increase of knee flexion angle (p≤.05, d=0.54-1.95), as did HADD (p≤.05, d=0.64-3.85) and PD (p≤.05, d=0.61-3.03). Changes in KABD, HADD, and PD often exceeded SEM for all changes in knee flexion angles.

Knee, hip, and pelvic frontal plane motions are influenced by knee flexion angles during 2D analysis of a SLS task. Our results highlight the importance of standardizing SLS depth during research and clinical practice to ensure appropriate comparisons across measurements.
Knee, hip, and pelvic frontal plane motions are influenced by knee flexion angles during 2D analysis of a SLS task. Our results highlight the importance of standardizing SLS depth during research and clinical practice to ensure appropriate comparisons across measurements.Learning leads to a neuronal representation of acquired knowledge. This idea of knowledge representation was traditionally developed as a "cognitive map" of spatial memory represented in the hippocampus. The framework of cognitive mapping has been extended in the past decade to include not only spatial memory, but also non-spatial factual and temporal memory. Following this conceptual advancement, a line of recent neurophysiological research discovered such knowledge representations not only in the hippocampus, but also in the entorhinal cortex and frontal cortex. Although the distinct terms "cognitive map," "schema," "abstract task structure" or "categorization" were used in these studies, it is likely that these terms can be reconciled as a common mechanism of learned knowledge representations. Future experimental work will be required to differentiate the parametric nature of knowledge representations across brain areas.
Acute ischemic stroke due to basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is associated with the highest mortality in patients with large vessel occlusion. This study aimed to identify modifiable risk factors of early mortality in patients with BAO.

This was a cohort study of consecutive patients with BAO admitted to 47 stroke centers in China between January 2014 and May 2019. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 7 days after hospitalization. Of 829 patients, 164 died (0-3 days 115; 4-7 days 49) within 7 days after hospitalization. Among pre- and periprocedural variables, higher admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS, adjusted OR, 1.06, 95% CI 1.04-1.09; p < 0.001), lower admission posterior circulation-Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (pc-ASPECTS, adjusted OR, 0.88, 95% CI 0.79-0.98; p = 0.02), lower Basilar Artery on Computed Tomography Angiography score (BATMAN, adjusted OR, 0.84, 95% CI 0.76-0.93; p = 0.001), and recanalization failure (adjusted OR, 2.99,on.African Americans start smoking later in life, yet they are less likely to quit smoking than other racial/ethnic groups. Drawing upon 40 in-depth interviews with former and current Black women smokers in the South Side of Chicago, this study examines external barriers to successful smoking cessation among socioeconomically disadvantaged Black women smokers. Beyond individual factors (e.g., stressors), this study finds interpersonal and structural factors that influence Black women's cessation efforts, including the high prevalence and normality of smoking and access to cheaper, loose cigarettes in their communities. Findings highlight the importance of considering local contexts for future tobacco research and policies.This descriptive study examined the social ecology of COVID-19 risk exposure across Montreal (Quebec, Canada) by comparing fifteen neighborhoods with contrasting COVID-19 prevalence. Census 2016 data were combined with an online survey (n = 502) of residents living in the targeted neighborhoods. Chi-square and t-test were used to analyze the differences in sample proportions and means. read more As of October 1, 2020, compared to the least affected Montreal neighborhoods, the most Impacted neighborhoods had a 2.6 times higher COVID-19 prevalence (2370.9 active cases per 100,000 residents) and a 2.5 times higher death rate (260.6 deaths per 100,000 people). High prevalence neighborhoods were lower income, more highly racialized, denser, and had a larger share of public transit users than least affected neighborhoods. Compared with respondents from the least affected neighborhoods, survey respondents in high prevalence neighborhoods were more likely to report a lower income, hold at-risk occupations, live in apartment buildings, use public transit, and perceive themselves at risk of becoming infected with COVID-19 and less capable of avoiding COVID-19 transmission, but less likely to comply with stay-at-home recommendations. No significant differences between neighborhoods were found in terms of compliance with recommended COVID-19 hygiene preventive measures (mask wearing and hand washing). RESULTS suggest that at-risk occupations and a lower capacity to avoid COVID-19 exposure, but not differences in compliance with public sanitary directives, were key factors associated with higher neighborhood prevalence of COVID-19.
The aim was to verify the impact of obesity on the long-term outcome of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 ARDS.

The retrospective study included patients admitted to the high-volume ECMO centre between March 2020 and March 2022. The impact of body mass index (BMI), co-morbidities and therapeutic measures on the short and 90-day outcomes was analysed.

292 patients were included, of whom 119(40.8%) were treated with veno-venous ECMO cannulated mostly (73%) in a local hospital. 58.5% were obese (64.7% on ECMO), the ECMO was most frequent in BMI > 40(49%). The ICU mortality (36.8% for obese vs 33.9% for the non-obese, p = 0.58) was related to ECMO only for the non-obese (p = 0.04). The 90-day mortalities (48.5% obese vs 45.5% non-obese, p = 0.603) of the ECMO and non-ECMO patients were not significantly influenced by BMI (p = 0.47, p = 0.771, respectively). The obesity associated risk factors for adverse outcome were age <50 (RR 2.14) and history of chronic immunosuppressive therapy (RR 2.11, p = 0.009). The higher dosage of steroids (RR 0.57, p = 0.05) associated with a better outcome.

The high incidence of obesity was not associated with worse short and long-term outcomes. ECMO in obese patients together with the use of steroids in the later stage of ARDS may improve survival.
The high incidence of obesity was not associated with worse short and long-term outcomes. ECMO in obese patients together with the use of steroids in the later stage of ARDS may improve survival.
This meta-analysis assessed the predictive and prognostic value of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) treated breast cancer and an optimal threshold for predicting pathologic complete response (pCR).

A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science electronic databases was conducted to identify eligible studies published before April 2022. Either a fixed or random effects model was applied to estimate the pooled hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) for prognosis and predictive values of TILs in breast cancer patients treated with NACT. The study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020221521).

A total of 29 published studies were eligible. Increased levels of TILs predicted response to NACT in HER2 positive breast cancer (OR=2.54 95%CI, 1.50-4.29) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (OR=3.67, 95%CI, 1.93-6.97), but not for hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer (OR=1.68, 95 %CI, 0.67-4.25). A threshold of 20% of H & E-stained TILs was associated with prediction of pCR in both HER2 positive breast cancer (P=0.
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