Notes

Insulin signaling, androgen receptor along with PSMA immunohistochemical examination through semi-automated cells microarray throughout cancer of the prostate together with all forms of diabetes (Precious stone review).
To demonstrate the plan quality and delivery efficiency of volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with the Halcyon Linac ring delivery system (RDS) in the treatment of single-isocenter/two-lesion lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Sixteen previously treated non-coplanar VMAT single-isocenter/two-lesion lung SBRT plans delivered with SBRT-dedicated C-arm TrueBeam Linac were selected. Prescribed dose was 50Gy to each lesion over five fractions with treatment delivery every other day and AcurosXB algorithm as the final dose calculation algorithm. TrueBeam single-isocenter plans were reoptimized for Halcyon Linac with coplanar geometry. Both TrueBeam and Halcyon plans were normalized for identical combined target coverage and evaluated. Conformity indices (CIs), heterogeneity index (HI), gradient index (GI), gradient distance (GD), and D
were compared. The normal lung V5Gy, V10Gy, V20Gy, mean lung dose (MLD), and dose to organs at risk (OAR) were evaluated. Treatment delivery parameters, incl accuracy.

SBRT treatment of synchronous lung lesions via single-isocenter VMAT on Halcyon RDS is feasible and dosimetrically equivalent to clinically delivered TrueBeam plans. Halcyon provides excellent plan quality and shorter overall treatment time that may improve patient compliance, reduce intrafraction movement, improve clinic efficiency, and potentially offering lung SBRT treatments for underserved patients on a Halcyon only clinic.
SBRT treatment of synchronous lung lesions via single-isocenter VMAT on Halcyon RDS is feasible and dosimetrically equivalent to clinically delivered TrueBeam plans. Halcyon provides excellent plan quality and shorter overall treatment time that may improve patient compliance, reduce intrafraction movement, improve clinic efficiency, and potentially offering lung SBRT treatments for underserved patients on a Halcyon only clinic.Due to the growing energy and safety demands, rechargeable all-solid-state Li+ batteries using metallic Li anode and ceramic-based electrolytes have attracted extensive attentions. However, the inherent safety problem of Li metal anode, the ceramic-electrode low Li+ conductivity, and the high electrolyte/electrode solid-solid interfacial impedance slow the development of high-performance all-solid-state batteries. In this work, a three-layer all ceramic battery with Li4 Ti5 O12 ceramic as anode, LiCoO2 as cathode, and Li0.34 La0.56 TiO3 as electrolyte to solve the safety problem is proposed. The low Li+ conductivity of electrodes are effectively addressed by fabricating the electrode/electrolyte composite electrodes in 3D vertically aligned microchannel structures. The large interfacial impedance is greatly reduced by co-constructing the microchannel-dense-microchannel structure with high Li+ conducting electrolytes. Experimental results reveal that a working cell by applying the 3D vertically aligned microchannel three-layer all ceramic structure enables high energy storage at 2 C rate and long cycling stability for more than 500 times.
The aim was to investigate the association between serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels and the progression and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and to compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum ADMA levels with other biomarkers of ALS.

Serum ADMA levels of sporadic ALS patients (n=68), disease control patients (n=54) and healthy controls (n=20) were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Correlations of the ADMA level and other markers (nitric oxide and neurofilament light chain levels) were analyzed. Changes in the ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALSFRS-R) score from the onset of disease (ALSFRS-R pre-slope) was used to assess disease progression. Survival was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier analysis.

The serum ADMA level was substantially higher in patients with ALS than in healthy controls and disease controls. Serum ADMA level correlated with CSF ADMA level (r=0.591, p<0.0001) and was independently associated with the ALSFRS-R pre-slope (r=0.505, p<0.0001). Patients with higher serum ADMA levels had less favorable prognoses. CSF ADMA level significantly correlated with CSF neurofilament light chain level (r=0.456, p=0.0002) but not with nitric oxide level (r=0.194, p=0.219).

Serum ADMA level is an independent biomarker of ALS disease progression and prognosis and reflects the degree of motor neuron degeneration.
Serum ADMA level is an independent biomarker of ALS disease progression and prognosis and reflects the degree of motor neuron degeneration.During spermatogenesis, mammalian male germ cells undergo multiple developmental processes, including meiosis and post-meiotic differentiation (spermiogenesis). To understand the transitions between different cellular states it is essential to isolate pure populations of cells at different stages of development. Previous approaches enabled the isolation of cells from different stages of meiotic prophase I, but techniques to sub-fractionate unfixed, post-meiotic spermatids have been lacking. Here we report the development of a protocol enabling simultaneous isolation of cells at different stages of meiotic prophase and post-meiotic differentiation from testes of adult mice. This approach builds on existing fluorescence activated cell sorting protocols designed to purify cells in different stages of meiotic prophase I. read more By utilizing the specific spectral properties that two different DNA dyes (Hoechst 33342 and SYTO 16) exhibit when bound to chromatin of different stage male germ cells, we obtain highly pure populations of cells in relatively large numbers. This FACS protocol will enable immunocytological and molecular characterization studies of fractionated meiotic and haploid germ cells from both wild type and genetically mutant animals.Surface topography modification with nano- or micro-textured structures has been an efficient approach to inhibit microbial adhesion and biofilm formation and thereby to prevent biomaterial-associated infection without modification of surface chemistry/bulk properties of materials and without causing antibiotic resistance. This manuscript focuses on submicron-textured patterns with ordered arrays of pillars on polyurethane (PU) biomaterial surfaces in an effort to understand the effects of surface pillar features and surface properties on adhesion and colonization responses of two staphylococcal strains. Five submicron patterns with a variety of pillar dimensions were designed and fabricated on PU film surfaces and bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation of Staphylococcal strains (Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A and Staphylococcus aureus Newman D2C) were characterized. Results show that all submicron textured surface significantly reduced bacterial adhesion and inhibited biofilm formation, and bacterial adhesion linearly decreased with the reduction in top surface area fraction. Surface wettability did not show a linear correlation with bacterial adhesion, suggesting that surface contact area dominates bacterial adhesion. From this, it appears that the design of textured patterns should minimize surface area fraction to reduce the bacterial interaction with surfaces but in a way that ensures the mechanical strength of pillars in order to avoid collapse. These findings may provide a rationale for design of polymer surfaces for antifouling medical devices.Electrochemical CO2 reduction to valuable ethylene and ethanol offers a promising strategy to lower CO2 emissions while storing renewable electricity. Cu-based catalysts have shown the potential for CO2 -to-ethylene/ethanol conversion, but still suffer from low activity and selectivity. Herein, the effects of surface and interface structures in Cu-based catalysts for CO2 -to-ethylene/ethanol production are systematically discussed. Both reactions involve three crucial steps formation of CO intermediate, CC coupling, and hydrodeoxygenation of C2 intermediates. For ethylene, the key step is CC coupling, which can be enhanced by tailoring the surface structures of catalyst such as step sites on facets, Cu0 /Cuδ+ species and nanopores, as well as the optimized molecule-catalyst and electrolyte-catalyst interfaces further promoting the higher ethylene production. While the controllable hydrodeoxygenation of C2 intermediate is important for ethanol, which can be achieved by tuning the stability of oxygenate intermediates through the metallic cluster induced special atomic configuration and bimetallic synergy induced the double active sites on catalyst surface. Additionally, constraining CO coverage by the complex-catalyst interface and stabilizing CO bond by N-doped carbon/Cu interface can also enhance the ethanol selectivity. The structure-performance relationships will provide the guidance for the design of Cu-based catalysts for highly efficient reduction of CO2 .
Quality assurance computed tomography (QACT) is the current clinical practice in proton therapy to evaluate the needs for replan. QACT could falsely indicate replan because of setup issues that would be solved on the treatment machine. Deforming the treatment planning CT (TPCT) to the pretreatment CBCT may eliminate this issue. We investigated the performance of replan evaluation based on deformed TPCT (TPCTdir) for proton head and neck (H&N) therapy.

Twenty-eight H&N datasets along with pretreatment CBCT and QACT were used to validate the method. The changes in body volume were analyzed between the no-replan and replan groups. The dose on the TPCTdir, the deformed QACT (QACTdir), and the QACT were calculated by applying the clinical plans to these image sets. Dosimetric parameters' changes, including ΔD95, ΔDmean, and ΔD1 for the clinical target volumes (CTVs) were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curves for replan evaluation based on ΔD95 on QACT and TPCTdir were calculated, using ΔD95 on QACTdir as the reference. A threshold for replan based on ΔD95 on TPCTdir is proposed. The specificities for the proposed method were calculated.

The changes in the body contour were 95.8 ± 83.8 cc versus 305.0 ± 235.0 cc (p<0.01) for the no-replan and replan groups, respectively. The ΔD95, ΔDmean, and ΔD1 are all comparable for all the evaluations. The differences between TPCTdir and QACTdir evaluations were 0.30% ± 0.86%, 0.00 ± 0.22Gy, and -0.17 ± 0.61Gy for CTV ΔD95, ΔDmean, and ΔD1, respectively. The corresponding differences between the QACT and QACTdir were 0.12% ± 1.1%, 0.02 ± 0.32Gy, and -0.01 ± 0.71Gy. CTV ΔD95>2.6% in TPCTdir was chosen as the threshold to trigger QACT/replan. The corresponding specificity was 94% and 98% for the clinical practice and the proposed method, respectively.

The replan evaluation based on TPCTdir provides better specificity than that based on the QACT.
The replan evaluation based on TPCTdir provides better specificity than that based on the QACT.Recent advances in nanotechnology now allow for the methodical implementation of therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs) into modular nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) with tunable physicochemical properties which can match the desired biological effects, provide uniformity, and regulate the delivery of multiple TNAs for combinatorial therapy. Despite the potential of novel NANPs, the maintenance of their structural integrity during storage and shipping remains a vital issue that impedes their broader applications. Cold chain storage is required to maintain the potency of NANPs in the liquid phase, which greatly increases transportation costs. To promote long-term storage and retention of biological activities at higher temperatures (e.g., +50 °C), a panel of representative NANPs is first exposed to three different drying mechanisms-vacuum concentration (SpeedVac), lyophilization (Lyo), and light-assisted drying (LAD)-and then rehydrated and analyzed. While SpeedVac primarily operates using heat, Lyo avoids temperature increases by taking advantage of pressure reduction and LAD involves a near-infrared laser for uniform drying in the presence of trehalose.
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